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Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Published by Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society
ISSN : -     EISSN : 19782993     DOI : https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, a reputable international journal, provides a forum for publishing the novel technologies related to the catalyst, catalysis, chemical reactor, kinetics, and chemical reaction engineering. Scientific articles dealing with the following topics in chemical reaction engineering, catalysis science, and engineering, catalyst preparation method and characterization, novel innovation of chemical reactor, kinetic studies, etc. are particularly welcome. However, articles concerned on the general chemical engineering process are not covered and out of the scope of this journal. This journal encompasses Original Research Articles, Review Articles (only selected/invited authors), and Short Communications, including: fundamentals of catalyst and catalysis; materials and nano-materials for catalyst; chemistry of catalyst and catalysis; surface chemistry of catalyst; applied catalysis; applied bio-catalysis; applied chemical reaction engineering; catalyst regeneration; catalyst deactivation; photocatalyst and photocatalysis; electrocatalysis for fuel cell application; applied bio-reactor; membrane bioreactor; fundamentals of chemical reaction engineering; kinetics studies of chemical reaction engineering; chemical reactor design (not process parameter optimization); enzymatic catalytic reaction (not process parameter optimization); kinetic studies of enzymatic reaction (not process parameter optimization); the industrial practice of catalyst; the industrial practice of chemical reactor engineering; application of plasma technology in catalysis and chemical reactor; and advanced technology for chemical reactors design. However, articles concerned about the "General Chemical Engineering Process" are not covered and out of the scope of this journal.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Katalisis
Articles 838 Documents
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Kinetic Study on Catalytic Cracking of Rubber Seed (Hevea brasiliensis) Oil to Liquid Fuels Wara Dyah Pita Rengga; Prima Astuti Handayani; Sri Kadarwati; Agung Feinnudin
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2015: BCREC Volume 10 Issue 1 Year 2015 (April 2015)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.10.1.5852.50-60

Abstract

Reaction kinetics of catalytic cracking of rubber seed oil to liquid fuels has been investigated. The reac-tion was performed with sulfuric acid as catalyst at temperatures of 350-450 oC and the ratio of oil-catalyst of 0-2 wt.% for 30-90 minutes. Kinetics was studied using the model of 6-lump parameters. The parameters were rubber seed oil, gasoline, kerosene, diesel, gas, and coke. Analysis of experimen-tal data using regression models to obtain reaction rate constants. Activation energies and pre-exponential factors were then calculated based on the Arrhenius equation. The simulation result illus-trated that the six-lump kinetic model can well predict the product yields of rubber seed oil catalytic cracking. The product has high selectivity for gasoline fraction as liquid fuel and the smallest amount of coke. The constant indicates that secondary reactions occurred in diesel products compared to gaso-line and kerosene. The predicted results indicate that catalytic cracking of rubber seed oil had better be conducted at 450 oC for 90 minutes using 0.5 wt.% catalyst. © 2015 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Preparation, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Activity of Ni-Cd/Al2O3 Composite Catalyst Yusmaniar, Yusmaniar; Premono, Agung; Susetyo, Ferry Budhi; Yudanto, Sigit Dwi
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2023: BCREC Volume 18 Issue 4 Year 2023 (December 2023)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20045

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the effect of the radiation source and radiation time on the methylene blue (MB) solution by adding Ni-Cd/Al2O3 to the percent degradation of MB. To investigate similar purposes, the pH of the MB solution varied as well. The preparation, characterization, and photocatalytic activity of Ni-Cd/Al2O3 are three steps in this research. The Ni-Cd was prepared by mixing Ni(NO3)2.6H2O and Cd(NO3)2.4H2O. Various concentrations of Ni-Cd were mixed with Al2O3, then heated, stirred, dried, and calcined to form Ni-Cd/Al2O3 powder. The dried powder catalysts were characterized using Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Brunauer-emmett-teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Diffused reflectance spectrometer spectra (DR-UV-Vis). Higher degradation was observed at pH 11, when MB was degraded by 68% and 76% using the 5Ni-2Cd/Al2O3 and 6Ni-1Cd/Al2O3 catalysts, respectively. The 6Ni-1Cd/Al2O3 sample has higher absorption, less surface area, and less band gap; therefore, it has higher performance against degraded MB in the solution. In summary, 6Ni-1Cd/Al2O3 is capable of degrading MB and can be utilized in MB dye waste. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Effect of Dilute Acid and Alkaline Pretreatments on Enzymatic Saccharfication of Palm Tree Trunk Waste for Bioethanol Production Kusmiyati Kusmiyati; Sakina Tunissa Anarki; Sabda Wahyu Nugroho; Reistu Widiastutik; Hadiyanto Hadiyanto
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2019: BCREC Volume 14 Issue 3 Year 2019 (December 2019)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.14.3.4256.705-714

Abstract

The sugar palm tree (Arenga pinnata) was abundant in Indonesia and has high cellulose contents for bioethanol production. However, the lignin content was the major drawback which could inhibit saccharification enzymes and therefore removing the lignin from the biomass is important. This paper evaluated the effects of pretreatments  using nitric acid (HNO3) and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) at 2 to 10% (v/v) on reducing sugar and ethanol contents and compared with the effects of steam pre-treatment. The pretreated samples were hydrolyzed using cellulase enzymes at pH 5.0 with a substrate concentration of 10% (w/v) for 24 to 72 h at 50 °C. Subsequent assessments of enzymatic saccharification following pre-treatment with 10% (v/v) HNO3 showed maximum reducing   and total sugar contents in palm tree trunk waste of 5.320% and 5.834%, respectively, after 72 h of saccharification. Following pretreatment with 10% (v/v) of NH4OH, the maximum reducing and total sugar contents of palm tree trunk waste were 2.892% and 3.556%, respectively, after 72 h of saccharification. In comparison, steam pretreatments gave maximum reducing sugar and total sugar contents of 1.140% and 1.315% under the same conditions. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was conducted at 37 °C (pH 4.8) and 100 rpm for 120 h using 10% (v/v) Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cellulase enzyme with a substrate concentration of 10% (w/v). The result showed the highest ethanol content of 2.648% was achieved by using 10% (v/v) HNO3. The use of 10% (v/v) NH4OH gained a yield of 0.869% ethanol while the steam pretreatment could obtained 0.102% ethanol.  
Photooxidation and Virus Inactivation using TiO2(P25)–SiO2 Coated PET Film Chaowat Autthanit; Supachai Jadsadajerm; Oswaldo Núñez; Purim Kusonsakul; Jittima Amie Luckanagul; Visarut Buranasudja; Bunjerd Jongsomjit; Supareak Praserthdam; Piyasan Praserthdam
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2022: BCREC Volume 17 Issue 3 Year 2022 (September 2022)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.17.3.14180.508-519

Abstract

This study chemically modified PET film surface with P25 using silicate as a binder. Different P25–binder ratios were optimized for the catalyst performance. The modified samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectra revealed significant reductions in the band gaps of the P25 solid precursor (3.20 eV) and the surface-modified PET–1.0Si–P25 (2.77 eV) with visible light. Accordingly, under visible light conditions, catalyst activity on the film will occur. Additionally, the film’s performance was evaluated using methylene blue (MB) degradation. Pseudo-first-order-rate constants (min−1), conversion percentages, and rates (µg.mL−1.gcat−1.h−1) were determined. The coated films were evaluated for viral Phi–X 174 inactivation and tested with fluorescence and UV-C light illumination, then log (N/N0) versus t plots (N = [virus] in plaque-forming units [PFUs]/mL) were obtained. The presence of nanosilica in PET showed a high adsorption ability in both MB and Phi–X 174, whereas the best performances with fluorescent light were obtained from PET–1.0Si–P25 and PET–P25–1.0Si–SiO2 equally. A 0.2-log virus reduction was obtained after 3 h at a rate of 4×106 PFU.mL−1.gcat−1.min−1. Additionally, the use of this film for preventing transmission by direct contact with surfaces and via indoor air was considered. Using UV light, the PET–1.0Si–P25 and PET–1.0Si–P25–SiO2 samples produced a 2.5-log inactivation after 6.5 min at a rate of 9.6×106 and 8.9×106 PFU.mL−1.gcat−1.min−1, respectively. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Oxidation Kinetics of Propane-Air Mixture over NiCo2O4 Catalyst Emitted from LPG Vehicles Suverna Trivedi; Ram Prasad; S. Chadha
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2017: BCREC Volume 12 Issue 2 Year 2017 (August 2017)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.12.2.798.191-196

Abstract

This paper describes the kinetics of catalytic air oxidation of propane. The kinetics data were collected in a plug flow tubular reactor. The experiments were performed over the NiCo2O4 catalyst prepared by co-precipitation method followed by calcination at 400 oC. The kinetic data were collected under the following conditions: 200 mg of catalyst, 2.5 % of propane in air, total flow rate of 60 mL/min, and temperature ranges of 130-170 oC. The data were fitted to the power law rate equation. The activation    energy and frequency factor were found to be 59.3 kJ/g mol and 2.9×108 (mol)0.47.L0.53/g cat.h, respectively. 
Mathematical Modelling of Alkaline and Ionic Liquid Pretreated Coconut Husk Enzymatic Hydrolysis Akbarningrum Fatmawati; Ari Anggoro; Kamila Adila Muslim; Arief Widjaja; Tantular Nurtono; Hanny Frans Sangian
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2021: BCREC Volume 16 Issue 2 Year 2021 (June 2021)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16.2.10306.331-341

Abstract

The problem of crude oil reserve shortage and air quality decline currently have led researches on renewable fuel such as bioethanol and biohydrogen. The attempt to provide such biofuel involves the utilization of enormously available wasted materials, lignocellulose. Coconut husk is one of such materials available in Indonesia. The previous work had reported the quantity of total reducing sugar produced after the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated coconut husk. The pretreatment methods used were dilute sodium hydroxide solution (1 and 4% w/v), 1,3-methylmethylimidazolium dimethyl phosphate ionic liquid and the combination of both methods. This work focused on constructing the mathematical model which describes the kinetic of those enzymatic hydrolysis reactions. Mathematical model expressions help describing as well as predicting the process behavior, which is commonly needed in the process design and control. The development of mathematical model in this work was done based on the total reducing sugar concentration resulted in batch hydrolysis reaction. The kinetic parameters including initial available substrate (S0), maximum reaction rate (rmax), and half-maximum rate constant (KM). According to the values of half-maximum rate constant (KM), the enzymatic hydrolysis performance of coconut husk treated using ionic liquid is better than that treated using dilute alkaline solution as the former had shown lower KM value and hence higher enzyme affinity to the substrate. The best hydrolysis result was performed using combination of 1% dilute sodium hydroxide solution and ionic liquid with kinetic model parameter of 0.5524 g/L.h of rmax, 0.0409 g/L of KM, and 4.1919 g/L of S0. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Investigating for Photocatalytic Activity of Hybrid TiO2/Reduced Graphene Oxide and Application in Reducing VOCs Thanh, Nguyen Thi Phuong; Danh, Nguyen Thanh; Nguyen, Tran Quang; Giang, Huynh Van; Chi, Tran Kim; Giang, Le Thuy Thanh; Trung, Tran Quang
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2024: BCREC Volume 19 Issue 1 Year 2024 (April 2024)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20042

Abstract

In this study, rGO/TiO2 hybrid nanostructures (rGO : reduced Graphene Oxide)  have been successfully fabricated for the purpose of application in the treatment of volatile organic compound (VOCs) that harmful for the environment through the method of directly measuring the change in concentration of decomposed VOCs in real time under UV-excited conditions using a home-made measuring system. the results showed that hybrids TiO2 : rGONFs (reduced Graphene Oxide nano flake) samples with the weight ratio between two kind of material are 99%:1% and 98%:2% which reduced VOCs faster than 2 time intrinsic TiO2. The phenomenon of 2D materials involved in the hybrids lead to the fact that the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 had been significantly improved, this can be explained as follows: When heterogeneous hybrid was formed, because of the difference in energy levels of conduction band between two materials was negligible, heterojunction barrier is not too high this made the photogenerated electrons from TiO2 easily move through rGONFs under UV stimulation. This thing has significantly reduced the recombination of the generated carrier in TiO2 during irradiation, which lead to an increase in the lifetime of the carrier and make photocatalytic reaction of the assembly become more effective. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Synthesis of Faujasite from Fly Ash and its Applications for Hydrocracking of Petroleum Distillates Sutarno Sutarno; Yateman Arryanto
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2007: BCREC: Volume 2 Issues 2-3 Year 2007 (October 2007)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.2.2-3.9.45-51

Abstract

The synthesis of faujasite from fly ash and its application for hydrocracking catalyst of heavy petroleum distillates have been performed. Faujasite was synthesized from fly ash by hydrothermal reaction in alkaline solution via combination of reflux pretreatment of fly ash with HCl and fusion with NaOH. The preparation of nickel containing catalysts by ion exchange method under similar initial concentration of nickel resulted higher amount of nickel loaded on faujasite than those on zeolite Y, however, the structural damage of faujasite was higher than those of zeolite Y. In the hydrocracking of heavy petroleum distillates over Ni-faujasite and Ni-zeolite Y catalysts, the conversion of heavy gas oil fraction was the most pronounced. The selectivity toward hydrocarbons in the range of gasoline and kerosene obtained over Ni-faujasite catalyst was lower compared to those of Ni-zeolite Y reference catalyst. © 2007 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
ZnO-Porous Clay Heterostructure from Saponite as Green Catalyst for Citronellal Cyclization Dwiarso Rubiyanto; Nurcahyo Iman Prakoso; Imam Sahroni; Rico Nurillahi; Is Fatimah
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 1 Year 2020 (April 2020)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.15.1.5800.137-145

Abstract

Green conversion in organic synthesis is one of the interesting and important topics in green chemistry. The use of heterogeneous catalysis instead of homogeneous catalysis offers some advantages, such as easy separation and reusability. In this research, a heterogeneous acid catalyst was prepared from saponite by immobilizing ZnO in the form of a pillared clay (Zn/PILS) and Zn supported on porous clay heterostructure (Zn/PCH). Physicochemical studies involving X-ray diffraction measurement, surface analysis using a gas sorption analyzer, and surface acidity measurement were performed. Results indicated that the increasing surface acidity and the high specific surface area of the material were the relevant physicochemical properties that facilitate environment-friendly citronellal cyclization. The higher values for both parameters in Zn/PCH than in Zn/PILS linearly affected citronellal conversion and the selectivity for isopulegol production. Zn/PCH demonstrated a conversion rate of 98.9% for a 3-hour reaction and a selectivity of 100% for isopulegol production, and it exhibited reusability properties. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Preparation of B/ZnO Nanocomposite by Simple Mechanical Combustion Method for Removal of Antibiotics in Aqueous Environments Thu Huong Nguyen; Anh-Tuan Vu
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2022: BCREC Volume 17 Issue 4 Year 2022 (December 2022)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.17.4.16090.786-797

Abstract

In this study, the B/ZnO nanocomposite was successfully synthesized by a simple mechanical combustion method. This material was used as a photocatalyst to degrade tetracycline, a representative of the commonly used antibiotics today. The B/ZnO composite became tighter than that of pure ZnO and formed bulk particles. The band gap energy of B/ZnO (3.05 eV) was slightly lower than that of ZnO (3.10 eV), resulting that it being easier to absorb visible light to create electron-hole pairs (h+ and e−). Therefore, the B/ZnO composite had higher photocatalytic activity than pure ZnO. The ratio of boron-doped to ZnO affecting the photocatalysis efficiency was investigated and the optimal boron content was 3 wt%, its degradation efficiency (DE) value for tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) in 90 min and the rate constants were 90% and 0.054 min−1, respectively. The factors affecting the photocatalytic process like initial antibiotic concentration, catalyst content, and pH of the initial antibiotic solution were studied. In addition, the recovery and reuse of B/ZnO after photocatalytic treatment were also studied. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 

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