Jurnal Rekayasa Proses
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses is an open-access journal published by Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada as scientific journal to accommodate current topics related to chemical and biochemical process exploration and optimization which covers multi scale analysis from micro to macro and full plant size. Specialization topics covered by Jurnal Rekayasa Proses are: 1. Kinetics and Catalysis Includes simulations and experiments in reaction kinetics, catalyst synthesis and characterization, reactor design, process intensification, microreactor, multiphase reactors, multiscale phenomena, transfer phenomena in multiphase reactors. 2. Separation and Purification System Includes phase equilibrium, mass transfer, mixing and segregation, unit operation, distillation, absorption, extraction, membrane separation, adsorption, ion exchange, chromatography, crystallization and precipitation, supercritical fluids, bioprocess product purification. 3. Process System Engineering Includes simulation, analysis, optimization, and process control on chemical/biochemical processes based on mathematical modeling; multiscale modeling strategy (molecular level, phase level, unit level, and inter-unit integration); design of experiment (DoE); current methods on simulation for model parameter determination. 4. Oil, Gas, and Coal Technology Includes chemical engineering application on process optimization to achieve utmost efficiency in energy usage, natural gas purification, fractionation recovery, CO2 capture, coal liquefaction, enhanced oil recovery and current technology to deal with scarcity in fossil fuels and its environmental impacts. 5. Particle Technology Includes application of chemical engineering concepts on particulate system, which covers phenomenological study on nucleation, particle growth, breakage, and aggregation, particle population dynamic model, particulate fluid dynamic in chemical processes, characterization and engineering of particulate system. 6. Mineral Process Engineering Includes application of chemical engineering concepts in mineral ore processing, liberation techniques and purification, pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and energy efficiency in mineral processing industries. 7. Material and biomaterial Includes application of chemical engineering concepts in material synthesis, characterization, design and scale up of nano material synthesis, multiphase phenomena, material modifications (thin film, porous materials etc), contemporary synthesis techniques (such as chemical vapor deposition, hydrothermal synthesis, colloidal synthesis, nucleation mechanism and growth, nano particle dispersion stability, etc.). 8. Bioresource and Biomass Engineering Includes natural product processing to create higher economic value through purification and conversion techniques (such as natural dye, herbal supplements, dietary fibers, edible oils, etc), energy generation from biomass, life cycle and economic analysis on bioresource utilization. 9. Biochemistry and Bioprocess Engineering Includes biochemical reaction engineering, bioprocess optimization which includes microorganism selection and maintenance, bioprocess application for waste treatment, bioreactor modeling and optimization, downstream processing. 10. Biomedical Engineering Includes enhancement of cellular productions of enzymes, protein engineering, tissue engineering, materials for implants, and new materials to improve drug delivery system. 11. Energy, Water, Environment, and Sustainability Includes energy balances/audits in industries, energy conversion systems, energy storage and distribution system, water quality, water treatment, water quality analysis, green processes, waste minimization, environment remediation, and environment protection efforts (organic fertilizer production and application, biopesticides, etc.).
Articles
273 Documents
<![CDATA[Synergistic ultrasonic-microwave assisted extraction (UMAE) for enhanced fat extraction from nutmeg seeds ]]>
<![CDATA[Afifah, Meita]]>;
<![CDATA[Teguh, Dedi]]>;
<![CDATA[Shintawati]]>;
<![CDATA[Ramandani, Adityas Agung]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 19 No 1 (2025): Volume 19, Number 1, 2025 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.16283
<![CDATA[Nutmeg seeds contain essential oils and fats, are widely used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. This research aims to determine the yield, physicochemical characteristics and fat composition of nutmeg seeds extracted from Ultrasonic-Microwave Extraction (UMAE). The research used a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) method with the independent variables, length of extraction time (45, 90, 135 minutes) and microwave power (300 and 450 watts). The dependent variables in this research are yield, melting point, specific gravity, acid number and saponification number. The results showed that the highest fat yield of nutmeg was 30.48% at 300 Watts and 135 minutes. The physicochemical characteristic of nutmeg fat was yellow with specific gravity, melting point, acid number and saponification number were 0.96, 52.4 °C, 16.69 mg KOH/g fat and 254.96 mg KOH/gram fat. GCMS results show that the fat composition is trichloromethyl, isopropyl phosphoranidothioic acid and lauric acid triglyceride which have potential as cosmetic raw materials.]]>
<![CDATA[Soluble phosphorus rich compost by aerobic solid-state fermentation of chicken bone-containing food waste with Aspergillus niger ]]>
<![CDATA[Ong, Lu Ki]]>;
<![CDATA[Angelio, Ricardo]]>;
<![CDATA[Indrayani, Clarissa]]>;
<![CDATA[Riadi, Lieke]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 19 No 1 (2025): Volume 19, Number 1, 2025 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.16629
<![CDATA[Food waste has become a concern in solid waste management due to its high bulk volume and production rate. Without good management, food waste piling may result in foul odor, global warming by methane emission and even an epidemic. Composting is a method usually employed to process food waste. However, this method often took a long period and selective to organic waste such as leafy materials or fruit waste. Bone is a food waste that is rich in phosphorus, a chemical substance that is required to make various useful products such as fertilizer, battery, detergent, etc. This study investigates the characteristics of food waste compost containing chicken bone and various domestic organic food waste that was processed through aerobic solid-state fermentation using Aspergillus niger. The composting process was monitored over a 28-day period at 28°C. The resulting compost was characterized under various physicochemical parameters, including pH and nutrient composition. The findings demonstrated that Aspergillus niger effectively released phosphorus from bone while degraded organic matter in just a week, resulting in significant reductions in unprocessed waste volume and the production of a stable, nutrient-rich compost in a short time. Additionally, the compost was successfully induced better growth on corn seed compared to the food waste pile and naturally composted food waste. These results suggest that Aspergillus niger-mediated aerobic solid-state fermentation is a viable and efficient method for converting food waste into high-quality compost, promoting sustainable waste management and agricultural practices.]]>
<![CDATA[Optimization of D-limonene and phenolic compounds extraction from local Indonesian orange peel using ultrasound-assisted extraction ]]>
<![CDATA[Wa Ode Cakra Nirwana]]>;
<![CDATA[Dewi, Luthfi Kurnia]]>;
<![CDATA[Larasati, Cindy]]>;
<![CDATA[Anggraini, Oktavia]]>;
<![CDATA[Hapsari, Safrina]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 19 No 1 (2025): Volume 19, Number 1, 2025 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.17479
<![CDATA[Malang Regency is one of the orange plantation centers in East Java, Indonesia, and has been named Indonesia’s orange agrotourism area. Orange peel waste in Indonesia has not been utilized, even though orange peel contains valuable compounds, such as D-limonene and polyphenols. To date, studies on the extraction of D-limonene and total phenolic compounds (TPC) from Baby Java Pacitan orange (Citrus sinensis L.) and Keprok Batu 55 oranges (Citrus reticulata Blanco) has not been investigated. In this work, several factors affecting the extraction of D-limonene and total phenolic compounds from local Indonesian orange peels with ultrasonic assistance were investigated and optimized. The results showed that drying using a vacuum oven and agitation significantly increased the yield of D-limonene and TPC. The optimum condition for extracting D-limonene was a solid-solvent ratio (SSR) of 1:10 with an ethanol concentration of 96% for 40 minutes. Meanwhile, the optimum condition for extracting polyphenol compounds was a solid-solvent ratio of 1:10 with an ethanol concentration of 96% for 80 minutes. Under optimum conditions, Baby Java Pacitan orange peel produced D-limonene of 130.5 mg/g dry biomass, which was 2.8 times higher than Keprok Batu 55 orange peel. Meanwhile, the TPC for Baby Java Pacitan orange peel and Keprok Batu 55 orange peel were 46.1 mgGAE/g dry biomass and 43.9 mgGAE/g dry biomass, respectively.]]>
<![CDATA[Nickel recovery from nickel-containing spent catalyst using atmospheric leaching and oxalate precipitation ]]>
<![CDATA[Widi Astuti]]>;
<![CDATA[Yuniati, Mutia Dewi]]>;
<![CDATA[Yuda, Aulia Pertiwi Tri]]>;
<![CDATA[Sumardi, Slamet]]>;
<![CDATA[Dewi, Jilda Sofiana]]>;
<![CDATA[Wanta, Kevin Cleary]]>;
<![CDATA[Petrus, Himawan Tri Bayu Murti]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 19 No 2 (2025): Volume 19, Number 2, 2025 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.17589
<![CDATA[A study has been done to investigate and optimize the recovery of nickel from nickel-containing spent catalyst through sulfuric acid (1 - 2 mol/L) atmospheric leaching in different operation conditions. From the leaching experiments, it was possible to extract 77.95% nickel under the conditions of 2 mol/L H2SO4, reaction time of 5 h, 5% pulp density, and temperature of 80°C. In the next step Ni was selectively precipitated from a sulfuric acid-leached solution using 1 mol/L oxalic acid. The nickel content in the product was 97.29% Ni. Based on the study, sulfuric acid was found to be a suitable leaching agent to extract Ni from the nickel-containing spent catalyst. The study also indicated the effective extraction and recovery of nickel which was well supported by characterization studies using XRD technique.]]>
<![CDATA[Dual-synergistic effects of citric acid on atmospheric leaching of manganese ores ]]>
<![CDATA[Widi Astuti]]>;
<![CDATA[Rofiek Mufakhir, Fika]]>;
<![CDATA[Iman Supriyatna, Yayat]]>;
<![CDATA[Daulay, Amru]]>;
<![CDATA[Setyadji, Moch.]]>;
<![CDATA[Sofiana Dewi, Jilda]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 19 No 2 (2025): Volume 19, Number 2, 2025 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.17590
<![CDATA[In the current study, a leaching of manganese from Indonesian manganese ores using citric acid as leaching reagent without the addition of reducing agent was investigated. Citric acid was being used as a leaching reagent and reducing agent at same time due to its reducing power. Several leaching parameters were investigated to obtain the optimum condition of citric acid leaching of manganese from those manganese ores. Low grade manganese ores from two mining areas in Indonesia contained 36.77% Mn (WK ore) and 12.5% (TG ore) with different mineral types can be leached using citric acid as leaching reagent without addition of reducing agent. The optimum manganese recovery was obtained at around 76% and 69% respectively for WK ore and TG ore with citric acid of 1M, 5% of pulp density, 150 rpm of shaker speed, 30oC of leaching temperature, 1 hour of leaching period, and <75 µm of ore particle size. This condition was also selective for iron recovery leaching. This experiment proves that citric acid has a dual-synergistic effect as an effective leaching reagent and reducing agent at the same time for manganese leaching from manganese ores.]]>
<![CDATA[Extraction of manganese from Indonesian manganese ore using sugarcane bagasse-acid reductive leaching ]]>
<![CDATA[Widi Astuti]]>;
<![CDATA[Pinania, Kherani Hana]]>;
<![CDATA[Lesmana, Donny]]>;
<![CDATA[Dewi, Jilda Sofiana]]>;
<![CDATA[Supriyadi, Harry]]>;
<![CDATA[Sumardi, Slamet]]>;
<![CDATA[Prakosa, Agus]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 19 No 1 (2025): Volume 19, Number 1, 2025 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.17591
<![CDATA[In this study, sugarcane bagasse was used as a reducing agent in manganese leaching from manganese ore from Way Kanan, Lampung under acidic conditions using sulfuric acid as a leaching reagent. Bagasse is an agricultural waste from the cane sugar manufacturing industry which is commonly found in Lampung Province. This agricultural waste has the potential to become a reducing agent in manganese leaching because it contains carbon in the form of cellulose and sugar. The optimization of the leaching conditions has been investigated with the parameters of H2SO4 concentration, temperature, and pulp density. The highest manganese leaching recovery was obtained under the following optimized conditions: 1 M H2SO4 concentration, 14 g sugarcane bagasse/20 g MnO2, 50 g/L pulp density, 80 °C leaching temperature, 200 rpm stirring rate, and 4 hours of reaction time. The present process therefore deals with achieving the effective recovery of value-added products from low-grade manganese ore using agriculture waste as reducing agent.]]>
<![CDATA[Synthesis of hydroxyapatite from hard clams shell (Meretrix spp.) using hydrothermal method as a dental implant coating biomaterials ]]>
<![CDATA[Zefania Riri]]>;
<![CDATA[Patrinela Hilda]]>;
<![CDATA[Lalak Tarbiyatun Nasyin Maleiva]]>;
<![CDATA[Intan Syahbanu]]>;
<![CDATA[Syahrul Khairi]]>;
<![CDATA[Kiki Aristi]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 19 No 1 (2025): Volume 19, Number 1, 2025 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.18186
<![CDATA[Biomaterials that can be used as coatings on dental implants are hydroxyapatites. One of the natural substances used in the synthesis of hydroxyapatite is the ale-ale shell, which has a substantial calcium content of 93,444%. The hydroxyapatite synthetic was carried out using a hydrothermal method that uses the calcium precursor (Ca) of the ale-ale shell and phosphate precursors (P) derived from (NH4)2HPO4, as well as NH4OH as a pH regulator. This research uses the influence variables of CaO/(NH4)2HPO4 concentration (0.67; 1.67; and 2.67) and pH (11, 12, and 13). The results of the FTIR analysis showed that the typical absorption peaks of hydroxyapatites are , OH-, and group absorptions. XRD analysis results showed the formation of major HAp peaks that correspond to ICDD data 01-072- 1243, with the highest peaks in succession appearing at angles 31,74; 31,67; and 31,64°. The crystal size is 35,25; 123,39; and 55,81 nm with degrees of crystallinity in sequence of 87,28; 91,67; and 95,09° and has a hexagonal crystal shape. Hydroxyapatite synthesis with ale-ale shell waste raw materials by hydrothermal method gives the best results at a concentration of CaO/(NH4)2HPO4 2.67-pH 13.]]>
<![CDATA[Potensi senyawa polifenol dalam ekstrak daun kelapa sawit untuk produk gel sunscreen alami ]]>
<![CDATA[Sujaka, Romi]]>;
<![CDATA[Siregar, Bimas Satrio]]>;
<![CDATA[Saputri, Lestari Hetalesi]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 19 No 1 (2025): Volume 19, Number 1, 2025 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.19469
<![CDATA[The bad effects of exposure to sunlights through the content of UltraViolet A (UVA) and UltraViolet B (UVB) in the long term can cause skin damage. One way of protection is through the using of sunscreen. This study aims to make a gel sunscreen from natural ingredients, polyphenolic compounds from oil palm leaf extract. The use of natural sunscreens has the advantage of the safety level of use when compared to synthetic sunscreens. The process of making sunscreen consists of several stages, namely raw material preparation (separating the leaves from the palm fornds, chopping, washing, and drying the palm leaves), extraction palm leaf by the maceration method (soaking and stirring powdered plam leaf with ethanol 96%) and making gel preparations by mixing palm leaf extract with methylparaben and a gel base, namely Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) and Carbopol. After the gel is made, the preparation is tested to obtain a sunscreen formulation that complies with SNI No 16-4399-1996. From the test results, several standard formulations were obtained, namely pH, spreadability, emulsion stability, antioxidant, viscosity, and SPF parameters. The best sunscreen gel product is the F2 (comparison of HPMC and Carbopol 70% : 30%) with a concentration of 1% palm leaf extract.]]>
<![CDATA[Pengaruh kalsinasi terhadap karakteristik mesoporous nanosilica (MSN) dari sludge geothermal dan performanya dalam sistem drug loading kurkumin ]]>
<![CDATA[Angelia, Annasthasya Milleni]]>;
<![CDATA[Ramadhany, Putri]]>;
<![CDATA[Kristijarti, Anastasia Prima]]>;
<![CDATA[Astuti, Widi]]>;
<![CDATA[Petrus, Himawan Tri Bayu Murti]]>;
<![CDATA[Wanta, Kevin Cleary]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 19 No 2 (2025): Volume 19, Number 2, 2025 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.20154
<![CDATA[This study was conducted to study the effect of calcination on the characteristics of mesoporous nanosilica (MSN) from sludge geothermal waste and its performance in drug loading curcumin. The preparation of MSN was carried out using the sol-gel method using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) surfactant. The removal of surfactants from MSN was processed using the calcination method, where the muffle furnace was adjusted at a temperature of 600oC for 7 hours. The formed MSN samples were then characterized using XRF, XRD, FTIR, and BET instruments. Meanwhile, the adsorption capacity of MSN to curcumin before and after calcination was measured using a 600 ppm curcumin solution. This drug loading process lasted for 6 hours at room temperature. The study's results showed that MSN's composition and crystallinity structure did not change significantly due to the calcination process. However, the functional groups of MSN changed after calcination. The pore size of MSN after calcination also decreased from 4.31 (before calcination) to 4.02 nm. This change in MSN characteristics also affects the performance of curcumin drug loading. This can be seen based on the efficiency of curcumin adsorption, where calcined MSN can adsorb curcumin by 32.92%, while for uncalcined MSN, the adsorption efficiency is 25.64%. Based on the results of this study, the calcination process has a positive effect on the drug loading ability of MSNs.]]>
<![CDATA[Optimization of co-firing briquette fuel from coal waste and palm kernel shells: Enhancing energy efficiency and waste valorization ]]>
<![CDATA[Aji, Salomo Pranata]]>;
<![CDATA[Afifah, Dian Ayu]]>;
<![CDATA[Silmi, Fadian Farisan]]>;
<![CDATA[Cendekia, Devy]]>; Wulandari, Yeni Ria;
<![CDATA[Ramandani, Adityas Agung]]>;
<![CDATA[Shintawati]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 19 No 2 (2025): Volume 19, Number 2, 2025 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.16419
<![CDATA[The low-rank coal is increasing every year but still slightly exploited by the industry, due to it being caused by the low-calorie value of the low-rank coal waste. Therefore, the mixture of other biomass is expected to raise the calorie value. This approach could potentially make the low-rank coal more economically viable for use in various industries, especially as a source of energy. Additionally, further research and development in this area could lead to more efficient and sustainable energy production methods. The study uses the Central Composite Design with ratio of low-rank coal waste and palm kernel shells of 40%: 60%, 60%: 40%, and 80%: 20% and variations of the glue starch (5 to 7%), which have been optimized and validated using the Response Surface Method approach. The results of the study showed volatile matter, fixed carbon, and calorie values of 61.43% to 71.69%, 16.56% to 26.98%, and 5190.44 to 6330.40 kcal/g, respectively. The results also demonstrated that the glue with 6% variation showed the highest fixed carbon content and calorie value in comparison to the other variations. The optimum of concentration of low-rank coal and palm kernel shell for co-firing of 80: 20% with 5% glue addition resulting in a volatile matter, fixed carbon, calorie value, flame capacity, flammability, of 54.41%, 33.39%, 6192.123 kcal/g, 14.12 min, and 0.052 g/min, respectively. The validation process also met the requirements for SNI 01-6235-2000 and SNI 8675-2018. Overall, the study concluded that the co-firing of low-rank coal waste and palm kernel shell with glue starch can result in an optimized fuel mixture with high performance characteristics. These findings are significant for industries looking to improve their energy efficiency and reduce emissions.]]>
