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Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research)
Published by Persatuan Ahli Gizi Indonesia
ISSN : 01259717     EISSN : 23388358     DOI : https://doi.org/10.36457
Core Subject : Health, Social,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences
Focus and Scope Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan is a journal developed to disseminate and discuss the scientific literature and other research on the development of health in the field of food and nutrition. This journal is intended as a medium for communication among stake holders on health research such asresearchers, educators, students, practitioners of Health Office, Department of Health, Public Health Service center, as well as the general public who have an interest in the matter. The journal is trying to meet the growing need to study health. Vision: Becoming a notable national journal in the field of food and nutritions towards a reputable international journal. Mission: Providing scientific communication media in food and nutritions research in order to advance science andtechnology in related fields. Organizes scholarly journal publishing in health research with an attempt to achieve a high impact factorin the development of science and technology.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan
Articles 597 Documents
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PROFIL GELATINISASI BEBERAPA FORMULASI TEPUNG-TEPUNGAN UNTUK PENDUGAAN SIFAT PEMASAKAN (GELATINISATION PROFILE OF SEVERAL FLOUR FORMULATIONS FOR ESTIMATING COOKING BEHAVIOUR) Nelis Imanningsih
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 35 No. 1 (2012)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v35i1.3079.13-22

Abstract

ABSTRACT The combination of starch from various sources, salt and protein, are the basic formulation often found in the Indonesian traditional food. The different composition of amylopectine-amylose and the interactions among the ingredients in the formulation, determines pasting properties in order gain a suitable texture characteristics. The aim of the research is to study the interactions of severals kinds of flours with water, white egg protein, and salt and its influences to the cooking behaviour of semi-solid food. There are four formulations for each kind of flour (rice, glutenniuos rice, wheat and cassava) that are: (1) water: flour = 25 : 3 g; (2) water :  flour : salt  =  25 : 3 : 0.28 g; (3) water : flour : albumen = 25 : 3 : 0.3 g; and (4) water : flour : salt : albumen = 25 : 3 : 0.28 : 0.3 g. The flours are analysed for proximate, particle size distribution and amylose-amylopectine composition. Pasting behaviour is measured using Rapid Visco Analizer (RVA) to determine peak viscosity, peak temperature, and peak time gelatinisation. Rice, glutinous rice, wheat and cassava flours have different gelatinization profiles that depend on starches structural origin and amylose and amylopectin composition. Wheat flour has the lowest peak viscosity among four type of flour examined, whether cassava flour has the highest. Salt in starch-water system delays peak time. Egg white protein raises peak viscosity of starches, the addition of salt and egg white protein simultaneously into the system increases peak viscosity and causes the peak occurs earlier. In food processing, tapioca flour can be used to give viscosity at short time cooking but it could not give a sufficient viscosity to the cold products. Rice flour needs a long time cooking to give a suitable viscosity to the products, however this viscosity can hold well in cold temperature. Keywords: flour, salt, protein, gelatinisation, viscosity   ABSTRAK Kombinasi berbagai macam tepung dengan garam dan protein putih telur merupakan formulasi dasar yang banyak dijumpai pada makanan tradisional Indonesia. Komposisi amilopektin-amilosa yang berbeda serta adanya interaksi bahan di dalam formula sangat menentukan sifat pemasakan untuk mendapatkan karakteristik tekstur yang diinginkan. Untuk mempelajari interaksi beberapa jenis tepung dengan air, protein putih telur dan garam serta pengaruhnya terhadap sifat pemasakan makanan semi-solid. Ada empat formulasi untuk setiap jenis tepung (beras, beras ketan, terigu dan tapioka), yakni: (1) air : tepung = 25 : 3 g; (2) air : tepung : garam =  25 : 3 : 0,28 g; (3) air : tepung : protein putih telur = 25 : 3 : 0,3 g; dan (4) air, tepung, garam, protein putih telur = 25 : 3 : 0,28 : 0,3 g. Tepung-tepungan dianalisis kandungan proksimat, distribusi ukuran partikel dan komposisi amilosa-amilopektinnya. Sifat pemasakan diuji dengan menggunakan Rapid Visco Analizer (RVA) untuk menentukan viskositas, suhu dan waktu puncak terjadinya gelatinisasi. Tepung beras, beras ketan, terigu dan tapioka memiliki sifat gelatinisasi berbeda yang berhubungan dengan struktur pati dan komposisi amilosa-amilopektin. Tepung terigu memiliki viskositas puncak yang paling rendah, sementara tepung tapioka tertinggi. Adanya garam akan menunda waktu terjadinya gelatinisasi. Protein putih telur meningkatkan viskositas puncak, dan adanya garam dan protein putih telur secara bersamaan meningkatkan viskositas puncak dan menyebabkan viskositas puncak ini terjadi dengan lebih cepat. Dalam pengolahan pangan, tepung tapioka dapat digunakan untuk memberi kekentalan pada waktu pemasakan yang singkat, tetapi kurang dapat memberikan kekentalan yang cukup pada produk yang dingin. Tepung beras memerlukan waktu pemasakan yang cukup lama untuk memberikan kekentalan yang baik pada produk, tetapi kekentalan ini dapat bertahan baik pada suhu yang dingin. [Penel Gizi Makan 2012, 35(1): 13-22] Kata kunci: tepung, garam, protein, gelatinisasi, viskositas
DAMPAK DEFISIENSI IODIUM MATERNAL PADA PERSISTENSI DISFUNGSI NEUROPSIKOLOGIS ANAK USIA 12 TAHUN (EFFECT OF MATERNAL IODINE DEFICIENCY ON THE PERSISTENCE OF NEUROLOGICAL DYSFUNCTIONS IN CHILDREN AGED 12 YEARS) Basuki Budiman; Djokomoeljanto Djokomoeljanto; Suharyo Suharyo; Endang Ekowarni
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 35 No. 1 (2012)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v35i1.3080.23-33

Abstract

ABSTRACT Study on the last effect of neuropsychologic dysfunction due to iodine deficiency during gestation is still scarce. This study is to confirm the persistence of neuropsychological dysfunctions at 12-year-old of children born from pregnant mothers with iodine deficiency in endemic iodine deficient area. The study is 13-year-cohort design. Iodine status (Total T4, TSH and UIE) of pregnant mothers at initial study, neonatal (TSH) and 12 year-old iodine status (fT4, TSH) are performed. Neurological dysfunction of infants is examined every 6 weeks until the child age is 24 months. Neuropsychological dysfunction of children 12 years of age such as minimal brain dysfunction and psychological battery of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) are also administered. A screening to determine case and reference using is done using mini mental status examination (MMSE). Score MMSE of 28 or less are implemented as cases while others as reference. The relationship of neurological and cognitive dysfunction with both maternal iodine status and neurological dysfunction at 2 months of neonates age are elaborated. The persistency risk of neurological dysfunction at 12 years of age is 8% (95%ci: 1-15%). Maternal and neonatal iodine status (as indicated by TSH, T4) are the risk factors for the persistency at 12-years. However, delays of neurological development in two-month old infants are found as directly risk factors. Median Total IQ score for all participants are far lower than the lowest limit of normal range. A very significant difference (p=0.000) are found in Total IQ score between cases and references. Discrepancy analysis of IQV-IQP indicates brain lesions in subtle form, such as diadokhokinesis, praxis, memory, distractibility and lowered IQ score. Neuropsychological dysfunctions due maternal iodine deficiency are still persistence at 12 years. Maternal T4 during gestation is not only influences on the persistency but also impaires directly on the brain development of the progeny. Maternal TSH influences on neuropsychomotor development of infant only. Keywords: iodine deficiency, persistenci-neuropsychology, plasticity     ABSTRAK Penelitian tentang disfungsi neuropsikologis berkelanjutan karena defisiensi iodium semasa ibu mengandung masih jarang. Mengonfirmasi persistensi disfungsi neuropsikologis pada anak 12 tahun akibat defisiensi iodium maternal di daerah endemik defisiensi iodium.  Rancangan penelitian ini kohor 13 tahun sejak janin. Status iodium maternal awal penelitian diukur dari total T4, TSH dan EIU. Disfungsi neurologis bayi/anak diperiksa setiap enam minggu sampai bayi/anak berusia 24 bulan dengan INFANT IB, sedangkan disfungsi neuropsikologis anak 12 tahun diperiksa dengan uji neuropsikologis Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE). Anak dengan skor MMSE < 28 disebut kasus dan sebaliknya. Hubungan disfungsi neurologis dan kognitif anak dengan status iodium awal kehamilan dan disfungsi neurologis bayi pada usia 2 bulan di analisis. Persistensi disfungsi neuropsikologis anak pada usia 12 ditemukan dengan risiko sebesar delapan persen (95%CI:1-15%). Status iodium ibu dan neonatus dengan indikator TSH dan T4 merupakan faktor risiko persistensi disfungsi neurologis pada umur 12 tahun. Keterlambatan perkembangan neurologis pada usia dua bulan ditemukan sebagai faktor risiko langsung terutama gangguan perkembangan tonus otot dan refleks postural. Median Intelligent Qoutient (IQ)-Total semua partisipan di bawah batas rentang normal. Median IQ Total kasus lebih rendah rujukan  (p=0,000). Analisis diskrepansi IQV-IQP mengindikasikan adanya lesi otak dalam bentuk ‘halus’, seperti diadokokinesis, praksis, memori, mudah beralih perhatian (distractibility) danrendahnya tingkat kecerdasan. Persistensi disfungsi neuropsikologis masih ditemukan pada usia 12 tahun. Defisiensi iodium maternal selama kehamilan dengan indikator (T4) terbukti secara langsung berpengaruh terhadap persistensi disfungsi neurologis dan kognisi anak pada usia 12 tahun, sedangkan TSH maternal hanya berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan neuropsikologis bayi. [Penel Gizi Makan 2012, 35(1): 23-33]   Kata kunci: defisiensi iodium maternal, persistensi-neuropsikologis, plastisitas
ANALISIS DETERMINAN STUNTING ANAK 0-23 BULAN PADA DAERAH MISKIN DI JAWA TENGAH DAN JAWA TIMUR (DETERMINANT ANALYSIS OF STUNTING CHILDREN AGED 0-23 MONTHS IN POOR AREAS IN CENTRAL AND EAST JAVA) Bunga Ch Rosha; Hardinsyah Hardinsyah; Yayuk Farida Baliwati
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 35 No. 1 (2012)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v35i1.3081.34-41

Abstract

ABSTRACT The child growth at the first two years is characterized by gradual development in linear growth and the increase in weight. The linear growth that do not fit with the child age reflects stunting problem. The purpose of the study is to analyzed determinant factors of stunting children aged between 0-23 months in poor areas of Central and East Java. This study used Riskesdas 2007 data. Samples are children aged between 0-23 months. Stunting status is measured by z-score height for age (H/A). The data is analyzed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate with logistic regression. The results showed that 28.8 percent of the children are stunted. Determinant factors of stunting are child’s age with OR = 0.59 (0.44-0.79), sex with OR = 0.71 (0.53-0.96), urban-rural area with OR = 0.68 (0.48-0.95) and mother education level with OR = 1.56 (1.05-2.31). The result shows that samples who lives in urban area have protective effect or at 32 percent smaller risk to get stunting than those lives in rural area. Children aged between 0-12 months have protective effect or at 41 percent smaller risk to get stunting than children aged between 13-23 months. Girls have protective effect or at 29 percent smaller risk to get stunting than boys. Mother with completed educational level less than junior high school have 1.56 greater risk to have stunting children than those have higher educational level. Therefore, it is important to educate mother about food, nutrition, and health whoor both live in urban and rural, so they can apply the knowledge to their family without making any difference in carring and feeding base on child age and gender. Keywords: stunting children aged 0-23 months, determinant analysis, poor area ABSTRAK Pertumbuhan pada dua tahun pertama dicirikan dengan pertambahan gradual, baik pada percepatan pertumbuhan linear maupun laju pertambahan berat badan. Pertumbuhan linear yang tidak sesuai umur merefleksikan masalah stunting. Menganalisis faktor determinan stunting pada anak usia 0-23 bulan di wilayah miskin Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Riskesdas 2007 dengan sampel adalah anak usia 0-23 bulan. Status stunting diukur berdasarkan z-skor tinggi badan terhadap umur (TB/U). Data dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat dan multivariat dengan regresi logistik. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa dari 932 sampel anak usia 0-23 bulan, sebesar 28,8 persen merupakan anak stunting. Faktor determinan stunting adalah usia anak dengan nilai OR = 0,59 (0,44-0,79), jenis kelamin dengan nilai OR = 0,71 (0,53-0,96), wilayah tempat tinggal dengan nilai OR = 0,68 (0,48-0,95) dan pendidikan ibu dengan nilai OR = 1,56 (1,05-2,31). Sampel yang tinggal di wilayah kota memiliki efek protektif atau risiko lebih rendah 32 persen terhadap stunting dibandingkan dengan anak yang tinggal di perdesaan. Anak yang berusia 0-12 bulan memiliki efek protektif atau risiko lebih rendah 41 persen terhadap stunting dibandingkan dengan anak yang berusia 13-23 bulan. Anak perempuan memiliki efek protektif atau risiko lebih rendah 29 persen terhadap stunting dibandingkan dengan anak laki-laki dengan nilai OR = 0,71 (0,53-0,96). Ibu dengan tingkat pendidikan <SMP memiliki risiko 1,56 kali memiliki anak dengan status stunting dibandingkan dengan ibu yang berpendidikan ≥ SMP. Oleh karena itu diperlukan peningkatan KIE (komunikasi-informasi-edukasi) ibu, baik yang berada di wilayah kota maupun desa, yang berhubungan dengan informasi mengenai pangan dan gizi serta kesehatan sehingga derajat pengetahuan ibu meningkat dan ibu dapat mengaplikasikan pengetahuan tersebut ke dalam keluarga sehingga ibu dapat secara adil atau tidak membedakan pola asuh dan pemberian makanan berdasarkan usia dan jenis kelamin pada anggota keluarganya. [Penel Gizi Makan 2012, 35(1): 34-41]   Kata kunci: stunting anak usia 0-23 bulan, analisis determinan, wilayah miskin
FORMULASI BISKUIT PADAT SIAP-SANTAP UNTUK MAKANAN DARURAT (READY-TO-EAT-BISCUIT BARS FORMULATION FOR DISASTER-RELATED EMERGENCY SITUATION) Almasyhuri Almasyhuri; Nelis Imanningsih; Heru Yuniati
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 35 No. 1 (2012)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v35i1.3082.42-48

Abstract

ABSTRACT In situation when the disaster occurres, people can be panic and can not manage appropriate food for the whole family. Therefore, it is required food supply from the authority to fulfill the nutrition need during emergency. For infants, there were milk and food products available in the market that can be given in such situation. However, for children and adults, there are no emergency food available in the market. Some post-disaster surveys indicates that food aid distributed during emergency situation only provides energy source rather than a complete nutrition. Furthermore, these foods still require processing before consumption. The aim of the study is to develop formulated ready-to-eat foods for children and adults that have a dense calories and protein that can be given in disaster-related emergency situation. The foods are produced in solid form, and has good acceptance by both panelist in laboratory and people in the field. In the early stages of research, six formulas in solid form are developed, three have savory taste and three are sweet. One formula that the most preferred by the panelist in the laboratory are chosen. The best formula is then given to field panelists in area of disaster to know their preference. Formula made from soy and sesame with sweet taste has the highest value compared with other types of formulas, and significantly different by Duncan's test from all formulas. In flavor and aroma attributes, this formula is not significantly different from others, however in crispiness; this formula has the best acceptance. The biscuits has energy 2.100 kcal per portion that 11.5 percent of the energy is from protein, 44.4 percent is from fat and the remaining 44 percent is from carbohydrates. Keywords: food formulation, ready-to-eat-biscuit, emergency food, disaster   Abstrak Dalam kejadian bencana alam masyarakat dapat menjadi panik dan tidak dapat menyediakan makanan keluarga, sehingga memerlukan bantuan makanan bergizi selama keadaan darurat. Untuk makanan bayi telah ada di pasar berupa susu dan bubur susu yang dapat diberikan dalam situasi ini. Sementara makanan siap-santap untuk anak dan orang dewasa belum banyak tersedia di pasar. Beberapa survei pasca-bencana menunjukkan bahwa bantuan makanan dari donatur berupa makanan siap-santap umumnya hanya merupakan sumber enegi. Di samping itu makanan bantuan tersebut umumnya masih membutuhkan pengolahan terlebih dahulu sebelum disantap. Mengembangkan formula makanan siap-santap untuk usia anak sampai orang dewasa yang mengandung  tinggi energi dan dapat diberikan dalam situasi  kedaruratan. Makanan diproduksi dalam bentuk batangan padat, yang dapat diterima baik oleh panelis. Pada tahap awal dikembangkan enam jenis formula makanan, tiga berasa manis dan tiga lainnya berasa asin. Lalu dipilih satu formula yang terbaik, berdasarkan uji fisik dan sensori oleh panelis laboratorium. Makanan terpilih kemudian diuji porsi pada masyarakat di daerah rawan bencana. Formula yang dibuat dari tepung kedelai dan tepung wijen dengan rasa manis mempunyai nilai kesukaan paling baik dibandingkan dengan formula lainnya, dan dengan uji Duncan’s berbeda secara signifikan dari semua formula. Pada atribut rasa dan aroma formula ini tidak berbeda signifikan dibandingkan dengan formula lainnya, tetapi memiliki kerenyahan paling baik. Setiap energi 2.100 kkal biskuit padat tersusun 11,5 persen berasal dari protein, 44,4 persen dari lemak dan sisanya 44 persen dari karbohidrat. [Penel Gizi Makan 2012, 35(1): 42-48]   Kata Kunci: makanan formula, biskuit siap-santap, makanan darurat, bencana alam
KAJIAN INTERAKSI ZAT BESI DENGAN ZAT GIZI MIKRO LAIN DALAM SUPLEMENTASI (REVIEW OF INTERACTIONS BETWEEN IRON AND OTHER MICRONUTRIENTS IN SUPPLEMENTATION) Endi Ridwan1 Endi Ridwan
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 35 No. 1 (2012)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v35i1.3083.49-54

Abstract

ABSTRACT Micronutrients play a necessary and important role in the metabolism. One way to improve micronutrient deficiency condition is by supplementing these nutrients, both single or in combination. The impact of nutritional supplementation with a combination of two substances is the interaction of the nutrients, either synergistic or antagonistic. Some interactions of iron with other micronutrients, such as the iron with zinc, vitamin A, copper and vitamin C that are commonly found in several studies shows that iron supplementation with zinc causes a synergistic effect when they are  given along with food and drink. However, iron and zinc complete each other if they are given only with drinks. Supplementation of iron combined with vitamin A produce a synergistic Interaction. This supplementation can increase the levels of iron and vitamin A simultaneously. Iron and copper can not be given in combination because they compete in the process of absorption in the intestine. The combine supplementation of iron and vitamin C has a significant impact in increasing the iron status of anemia subjects. The supplementation of combine nutrition should consider the condition of the subject, food consumption, mode of administration and the absorption of these nutrients in the body. Keywords: iron, other micronutrients, supplementation, interaction, administration     ABSTRAK Zat gizi mikro sangat diperlukan dan berperan penting dalam metabolisme tubuh. Salah satu cara untuk memperbaiki kekurangan zat gizi mikro adalah dengan suplementasi zat gizi tersebut secara tunggal atau kombinasi. Dampak dari suplementasi kombinasi dua zat gizi adalah terjadinya interaksi dari kedua zat gizi, baik secara sinergis ataupun antagonis. Beberapa interaksi zat besi dengan zat gizi mikro lain, seperti antara zat besi dengan zat seng (zinc), vitamin A, tembaga dan vitamin C yang sering dijumpai dalam beberapa penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa suplementasi zat besi dengan zinc akan menimbulkan efek sinergis jika diberikan bersama dengan makanan dan minuman. Namun, zat besi dan zinc berkompetisi jika diberikan hanya bersama minuman. Interaksi suplementasi kombinasi zat besi dengan vitamin A berlangsung sinergis, dapat meningkatkan kadar zat besi dan vitamin A secara bersamaan. Zat besi dan tembaga tidak dapat diberikan secara kombinasi karena akan terjadi kompetisi dalam proses penyerapan di dalam usus. Sementara suplementasi kombinasi antara zat besi dan vitamin C akan memberikan dampak nyata berupa kenaikan status zat besi, jika diberikan pada subyek penderita anemia. Pemberian suplementasi kombinasi zat gizi agar memperhatikan: kondisi subyek, konsumsi makanan, cara pemberian serta penyerapan zat gizi tersebut dalam tubuh. [Penel Gizi Makan 2012, 35(1): 49-54]   Kata kunci: zat besi, zat gizi lain, suplementasi, interaksi, pemberian
PROFIL KONSUMSI SUMBER ANTIOKSIDAN ALAMI, STATUS GIZI, KEBIASAAN MEROKOK DAN SANITASI LINGKUNGAN PADA DAERAH DENGAN TB-PARU TINGGI DI INDONESIA (PROFILE OF NATURAL SOURCE ANTIOXIDANTS CONSUMPTION, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, SMOKING HABIT AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITA Budi Setyawati; Nelis Imanningsih; Fitrah Ernawati
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 35 No. 1 (2012)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v35i1.3084.55-69

Abstract

ABSTRACT Indonesia is at third rank as country having a large number of people with pulmonary-tuberculosis disease after India and China. Low nutritional status, unhealthy lifestyle, poor living condition, and low consumption of natural sources of antioxidant (fruits, vegetables and herbs) can decrease immunity sistem and increase the risk of pulmonary-tuberculosis (pulmonary-TB) infection. The study aimed to discribe the profile of nutritional status, consumption of antioxidant sources, smoking habit, house condition and environmental sanitation in areas with high cases of pulmonary-TB in Indonesia. Analitic observational study with cross sectional design. The sample is Riskesdas 2010 sample, age of sample is 15 years old and above and living in the area with high cases of pulmonary-TB in Indonesia. Variable being studied are the profile of pulmonary-TB status, sample characteristics (age, sex, occupation and education); nutritional status; the consumption of antioxidant sources (fruits, vegetables and herbs); smoking habit (status, first started smoking, dan smoking duration) and practices related to prevention of pulmonary-TB disease; house and environmental sanitation conditions. The large proportion of pulmonary-TB are found in male, low education, productive age dan low nutritional status samples. The large proportion of pulmonary-TB are also found in smokers that have started smoking in early age (<10 years old) and have smoked in long duration (31-40 years). A slight larger proportion of pulmonary-TB is found in samples that consume fruit-vegetable less than 5 servings/day. The higher proportion of behaviour that prevent pulmonary-TB, healthy house and environment is found in non pulmonary-TB samples. To cut down the number of pulmonary-TB suferer, efforts should be focused to the improving nutritional status, house condition and environtment sanitation, reducing the number of early ages smokers and increasing the consumption of 5 servings of fruits and vegetables. Keywords: pulmonary-TB, antioxidants, nutritional status, smoking habit, sanitation ABSTRAK Indonesia peringkat ketiga di dunia setelah India dan China dalam jumlah penderita tuberkulosis-paru (TB-paru). Status gizi, kebiasaan merokok, kondisi rumah dan sanitasi lingkungan yang buruk, serta konsumsi sumber antioksidan alami (sayuran, buah-buahan, dan jamu) yang rendah, dapat menurunkan daya tahan tubuh dan meningkatkan risiko terinfeksi TB-paru. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari profil status gizi, konsumsi sumber antioksidan alami, kebiasaan merokok, kondisi rumah dan sanitasi lingkungan di wilayah Indonesia dengan kasus TB-paru tinggi. Studi observasional analitis dengan desain potong-lintang. Sampel merupakan sampel Riskesdas 2010, berusia minimal 15 tahun dan tinggal di wilayah dengan kasus TB-paru tinggi di Indonesia. Variabel yang dipelajari meliputi profil status TB-paru, karakteristik responden, status gizi, konsumsi sumber antioksidan alami, kebiasaan merokok dan perilaku pencegahan TB-paru, serta kondisi rumah dan sanitasi lingkungan. Proporsi penderita TB-paru lebih tinggi dijumpai pada lelaki, pendidikan rendah, usia produktif, dan status gizi rendah. Proporsi besar juga ditemukan pada perokok yang mulai merokok diusia muda (<10 tahun) dan durasi merokok lama (31-40 tahun). Proporsi agak tinggi penderita TB-paru ditemukan pada konsumen sayuran-buah kurang dari lima porsi perhari. Proporsi perilaku pencegahan TB-paru, kondisi rumah dan lingkungan yang sehat ditemukan lebih besar pada non-penderita TB-paru. Untuk mengurangi jumlah penderita TB-paru, usaha perbaikan hendaknya diarahkan pada perbaikan status gizi, kondisi rumah dan sanitasi lingkungan, pengurangan jumlah perokok usia dini, dan peningkatan konsumsi sayuran dan buah dengan jumlah 5 porsi sehari. [Penel Gizi Makan 2012, 35(1): 55-69]   Kata Kunci: TB-paru, antioksidan, status gizi, kebiasaan merokok, sanitasi
ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM PENANGGULANGAN GIZI BURUK PADA ANAK BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS MEDAN LABUHAN, KOTA MEDAN TAHUN 2008 (ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CHILDREN UNDERNUTRITION IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM IN WORKING AREA MEDAN LABUHAN HEALTH C Zulhaida Lubis; Elmina Tampubolon; Jumirah Jumirah
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 35 No. 1 (2012)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v35i1.3085.70-77

Abstract

ABSTRACT Medan Labuan Health Centre has the highest number of severe underweight children among the other health centrein Medan City, North Sumatera Province. The study performed to analyze the implementation of children undernutrition improvement programme. This research is descriptive qualitative study conducted in February-May 2009. The subjects of the research are head of health centre, nutritionist, and 25 cadre leaders of Posyandu. The data from in-depth interviews is processed using the EZ-Tex, presented in a matrix, and data is analyzed using comparison methods of Fixed (constant comparative method). Nutritionist is only found one person for 2 villages with 25 subvillages, while many cadres are not active, frequently changing and less skilled. The infrastructure is limited, the scales are not standardized and there are no tools for body length/height measurements. One of two villages does not undertake 5 tables Posyandu. Growth monitoring of underfive children are still low. Achievement of toddler weight gain (N/D) from January to December 2008 is 34.58 percent to 69.35 percent of the target coverage of 80 percent. Complementary feeding distribution is not in accordance with the guidelines. The feeding that is only purposed to undernutrition children from poor families are also given to all the children who come to Posyandu. Coverage of exclusive breastfeeding between January-November 2008 is 1.45 to 6.36 percent, rather than the target coverage of 80 percent. These problems are caused by insufficient knowledge and awareness of community about child carring pattern and the lack of cadres participation in Posyandu. From input, process, or output perspective, the of malnutrition improvement programme implementation in Medan Labuan health care is not good enough. Keywords: undernutrition, children under-fives, program, implementation       ABSTRAK Puskesmas Medan Labuhan merupakan Puskesmas yang memiliki jumlah balita gizi buruk paling besar dibandingkan dengan Puskesmas lainnya di kota Medan. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah menganalisis pelaksanaan program penanggulangan gizi pada anak balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Medan Labuhan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif bersifat kualitatif dilakukan  bulan Februari hingga Mei 2009. Sebagai informan adalah pimpinan Puskesmas, petugas gizi dan 25 orang ketua kader Posyandu. Data penanggulangan gizi buruk diolah menggunakan EZ-Text, disajikan dalam bentuk matriks, dianalisis dengan metode perbandingan tetap (constant comparative method). Tenaga gizi hanya satu orang untuk dua kelurahan dengan 25 lingkungan, sementara kader banyak yang tidak aktif dan sering berganti serta kurang terampil. Sarana dan prasarana terbatas, timbangan tidak terstandar, dan tidak ada alat ukur panjang dan/atau tinggi badan. Satu dari dua kelurahan di wilayah Puskesmas tidak melaksanakan kegiatan Posyandu 5 meja.Hasil penimbangan masih rendah, capaian balita yang naik berat badannya (N/D) dari bulan Januari sampai Desember 2008 sebesar 34,58 sampai 69,35 persendari target cakupan 80 persen. Distribusi MP-ASI tidak sesuai dengan pedoman, selain diberikan kepada bayi kurang gizi dari keluarga miskin, MP-ASI diberikan kepada semua balita yang datang ke Posyandu. Demikian pula cakupan ASI Eksklusif, bulan Januari-November 2008 hanya 1,45 sampai 6,36 persen dari target 80 persen. Hal ini menunjukkan masih rendahnya tingkat pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat tentang pola asuh anak dan kurangnya partisipasi kader dalam kegiatan Posyandu. Implementasi program penanggulangan gizi buruk ditinjau dari segi input, proses dan output di Puskesmas Medan Labuhan masih kurang baik.[Penel Gizi Makan 2012, 35(1): 70-77] Kata kunci: gizi buruk, anak balita, program penanggulangan, implementasi
KANDUNGAN VITAMIN B6, B9, B12 DAN E BEBERAPA JENIS DAGING, TELUR, IKAN DAN UDANG LAUT DI BOGOR DAN SEKITARNYA (VITAMIN B6, B9, B12 AND E CONTENT OF SEVERAL TYPES OF MEATS, EGGS, FISHES AND MARINE SHRIMPS IN BOGOR AND SURROUNDING AREAS) Heru Yuniati; Almasyhuri Almasyhuri
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 35 No. 1 (2012)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v35i1.3086.78-89

Abstract

ABSTRACT Food Composition Table (DKBM) in Indonesia has not mentioned all types of nutrients available in the food, particularly vitamin B6, B9 (folic acid), B12, and vitamin E. Therefore this study aimed to analyze the content of vitamin B6, B9 (folic acid), B12, and vitamin E in several types of meat, eggs, fish and marine shrimps consumed in Bogor and surrounding areas. Vitamin B6, B9, B12, and vitamin E from three kinds of meat (chicken, beef, lamb), two types of eggs (chicken, duck), and four species of fish (snapper, bloating, carp and tuna) and crayfish are analyzed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The samples used are raw and taken from three locations in Bogor and surrounding areas. Fishes, meats and eggs contain high levels of folic acid, however the amount of folic acid content in meat varies depending on which part of meat the samples are taken, types of organ, and the fat content of the meat. The folic acid content in chicken wings is different with those in thigh. In fatty mutton the folic acid is higher than in those lean meat, and in yolk is higher than those in egg white. Vitamin E content of snapper is the highest amongs other types of fishes (6.54 µg/100 g).Chicken eggs contain a higher amount of vitamin E than duck eggs, while the yolk contains ahigher amount of vitamin E than those egg white. Keywords: animal foods, vitamin B6, vitamin B9 (folic Acid), vitamin B12, vitamin E   ABSTRAK Daftar Komposisi Bahan Makanan (DKBM) yang ada di Indonesia belum memuat semua jenis zat gizi dalam makanan, khususnya vitamin B6, B9 (asam folat), B12 dan vitamin E. Menganalisis kandungan vitamin B6, B9 (asam folat), B12, dan vitamin E dalam beberapa jenis daging, telur, ikan dan udang laut yang dikonsumsi masyarakat di Bogor dan sekitarnya. Kandungan vitamin B6, B9, B12 dan vitamin E dari tiga jenis daging (ayam, sapi, kambing), dua jenis telur (ayam, itik), serta empat jenis ikan (kakap, kembung, mas, tongkol) dan udang laut dianalisis dengan High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Sampel yang digunakan adalah bahan mentah, yang diambil dari 3 lokasi di Bogor dan sekitarnya. Ikan, daging dan telur mengandung tinggi asam folat, yang besarnya bervariasi tergantung pada bagian bahan makanan. Jumlah asam folat di dalam sayap ayam berbeda dengan di dalam paha, dalam daging kambing berlemak sedikit lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan di dalam daging tanpa lemak. Jumlah asam folat dalam kuning telur juga lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan di dalam bagian putih telur. Kandungan vitamin E ikan kakap  paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan ikan lainnya (6,54 µg/100 g). Telur ayam mengandung vitamin lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan telur itik, demikian pula bagian kuning telur lebih tinggi daripada bagian putih telur. [Penel Gizi Makan 2012, 35(1): 78-89] Kata kunci: makanan hewani, asam folat, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin E
Front Matter Vol 41 No 2 Desember 2018 pgm managerxot2
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 41 No. 2 (2018): PGM VOL 41 NO 2 TAHUN 2018
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v41i2.1895

Abstract

Front Matter Vol 41 No 2 Desember 2018
KONTRIBUSI ASUPAN ZAT BESI DAN VITAMIN C TERHADAP STATUS ANEMIA GIZI BESI PADA BALITA INDONESIA Ade Nugraheni Herawati; Nurheni Sri Palupi; Nuri Andarwulan; Efriwati Efriwati
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 41 No. 2 (2018): PGM VOL 41 NO 2 TAHUN 2018
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v41i2.1886

Abstract

ABSTRACT The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in Indonesian under-five children is still high. Unhealty eating habit of under-five children will result in reducing nutrition intake, e.g. iron and vitamin C. This study was aimed to analyze the contribution of micronutrient intake (iron and vitamin C) to IDA status of under-five children. A total of 185 under-five children in range of 12-59 months old who had the data of consumption (SKMI 2014) and blood biochemical (Riskesdas 2013) was used in this study. Result showed that there were no significant differences in the level of adequacy of iron and vitamin C intake between all age groups (P > 0.05). There was a positive correlation significantly between the level of adequacy of iron intake in the normal category (≥77% RDA) with haemoglobin concentration (P < 0.05; r ˂ 0.5). There was a correlation between the level of adequacy of iron and vitamin C intake in the deficiency category (˂77% RDA) with ferritin and transferrin concentrations (P < 0.05; r ˂ 0.5). In conclusion the age of the young group (12-35 months) with the level of adequacy of iron intake ˂77% RDA is at risk of developing AGB. Keywords: iron deficiency anemia, under-five children, iron intake, vitamin C intake ABSTRAK Prevalensi anemia gizi besi (AGB) pada balita Indonesia masih tinggi. Kebiasaan makan balita yang kurang beragam menjadi salah satu faktor rendahnya asupan zat gizi, khususnya zat gizi mikro seperti zat besi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kontribusi asupan zat besi dan vitamin C terhadap status AGB pada balita. Penelitian ini menggunakan data 185 anak balita dengan kisaran umur 12-59 bulan yang memiliki data asupan makanan (SKMI 2014) dan biokimia darah (Riskesdas 2013). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan tingkat kecukupan asupan zat besi dan vitamin C pada tiap kelompok umur (P > 0,05). Terdapat korelasi positif antara tingkat kecukupan asupan zat besi pada kategori normal (≥77% AKG) dengan konsentrasi hemoglobin (P < 0,05; r ˂ 0,5). Terdapat korelasi antara tingkat kecukupan asupan zat besi dan vitamin C pada kategori defisiensi (˂77% AKG) dengan konsentrasi feritin dan transferin (P< 0,05; r ˂ 0,5). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa umur kelompok muda (12-35 bulan) dengan tingkat kecukupan asupan zat besi ˂77% AKG beresiko mengalami AGB. [Penel Gizi Makan 2018, 41(2):65-76] Kata kunci: anemia gizi besi, anak balita, asupan zat besi, asupan vitamin C

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