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Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research)
Published by Persatuan Ahli Gizi Indonesia
ISSN : 01259717     EISSN : 23388358     DOI : https://doi.org/10.36457
Core Subject : Health, Social,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences
Focus and Scope Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan is a journal developed to disseminate and discuss the scientific literature and other research on the development of health in the field of food and nutrition. This journal is intended as a medium for communication among stake holders on health research such asresearchers, educators, students, practitioners of Health Office, Department of Health, Public Health Service center, as well as the general public who have an interest in the matter. The journal is trying to meet the growing need to study health. Vision: Becoming a notable national journal in the field of food and nutritions towards a reputable international journal. Mission: Providing scientific communication media in food and nutritions research in order to advance science andtechnology in related fields. Organizes scholarly journal publishing in health research with an attempt to achieve a high impact factorin the development of science and technology.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan
Articles 613 Documents
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KORELASI ASUPAN MAKRONUTRIEN DENGAN STATUS GIZI DAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PENYANDANG DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2 Meirina Dwi Larasati; Dian Luthfita Prasetya Muninggar; Mohammad Jaelani; Firmansyah Firmansyah
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 49 No. 1 (2026): Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/pgm.v49i1.825

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by impaired glycemic control, while nutritional status plays an important role in metabolic management. Macronutrient energy distribution may be associated with nutritional status and blood glucose levels. To analyze the association between the percentage contribution of energy from macronutrients, nutritional status, and fasting blood glucose levels in individuals with T2DM. This cross-sectional analytical observational study involved 43 participants with T2DM enrolled in the Chronic Disease Management Program (Prolanis), recruited using consecutive sampling. Dietary intake was assessed using two non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls and calculated as the percentage contribution of energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrates. Nutritional status was assessed using body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), while glycemic control was assessed using fasting blood glucose levels. Pearson or Spearman correlation tests and multiple linear regression were used for analysisThe percentage contribution of energy from protein was negatively correlated with BMI (r =-0.324; p=0.034). No significant associations were found between the percentage contribution of energy from protein, fat, or carbohydrates and waist circumference, WHR, or fasting blood glucose levels (p >0.05). After adjustment in the multivariable analysis, the association between the percentage of energy from protein and BMI was attenuated and was no longer statistically significant (β =-0.284; p=0.068). No significant associations were observed between macronutrient energy distribution and nutritional status indicators or fasting blood glucose levels after adjustment for potential confounders .
PERAN ADIPONEKTIN DALAM ADAPTASI METABOLIK PADA DIABETES MELITUS GESTASIONAL: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Triagung yuliyana; Hedy Hardiana; Enik Norhayati
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 49 No. 1 (2026): Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/pgm.v49i1.830

Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by impaired physiological adaptation to pregnancy, leading to increased maternal and neonatal morbidity. This systematic review aimed to synthesize current evidence regarding the role of adiponectin in maternal metabolic adaptation and its association with the pathogenesis of GDM. A literature search was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines across six electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Google Scholar, and Taylor & Francis. Eligible studies were primary observational studies that quantitatively measured circulating adiponectin levels in singleton pregnancies without pre-existing diabetes, based on the PECO framework. Of the 2,309 records identified, 43 studies met the inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis. The synthesis showed that women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) tended to have lower circulating adiponectin levels than pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance. This alteration could be detected as early as the beginning of pregnancy and was associated with increased insulin resistance, as indicated by HOMA-IR and other metabolic parameters. The use of adiponectin in combination with other biomarkers, including the leptin-to-adiponectin ratio (LAR), showed potential for improving the identification of GDM risk compared with adiponectin alone. However, variations in study design, population characteristics, timing of measurement, and adjustment for confounding factors contributed to heterogeneity across studies. As the primary evidence was observational, causal relationships could not be established. In conclusion, Adiponectin has potential as a supportive biomarker for GDM risk stratification but cannot yet be used as a standalone diagnostic biomarker. Large-scale prospective longitudinal studies are needed to validate its predictive value, adequately control for confounding factors, and establish standardized clinical cut-off values
HUBUNGAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN (Hb) DENGAN KEBUGARAN JASMANI PADA ATLET SEPAKBOLA REMAJA Dwi Indah Puspaning Tyas; Dittasari Putriana; Kurnia Mar’atus Solichah
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 48 No. 1 (2025): Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/pgm.v48i1.831

Abstract

Adolescent athletes require optimal physical fitness to perform at a high level. However, adolescents' physical fitness in Indonesia remains low, with an average VO₂max of 36 ml/kg/min. Low hemoglobin levels can influence VO₂max because hemoglobin plays a role in oxygen binding and may increase fatigue in athletes. This study aimed to determine the relationship between hemoglobin (Hb) levels and physical fitness among adolescent football athletes. This observational analytic study used a cross-sectional design and involved 31 adolescent football athletes aged 13–17 years in June-July 2023 at the PSS Sleman Development Center. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Hemoglobin levels were obtained through venous blood sampling and analyzed in a laboratory using the Cyanmethemoglobin method. Physical fitness data were obtained using the Multistage Fitness Test and presented by score. Data were analyzed using the Pearson Product-Moment test with p<0.05. The results showed that the average hemoglobin level and physical fitness score were 14.80±0.881 g/dL and 48.88±3.36 ml/kg/min, respectively. All athletes had normal hemoglobin levels (100%) and excellent physical fitness (100%). There was no relationship between hemoglobin levels and physical fitness among adolescent football athletes (p=0.4812, r=-0.1314). Athletes need to maintain hemoglobin levels and physical fitness to improve performance.
HUBUNGAN STATUS GIZI, KADAR ALBUMIN, KADAR HB, DAN JENIS KELAMIN TERHADAP LAMA MENDERITA PENYAKIT HEPATITIS C PADA PASIEN DEWASA-LANSIA DI RS FATMAWATI [ANALISIS DATA SEKUNDER] Gilang Eko Nugroho; Pritasari Pritasari; Iskari Ngadiarti
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 48 No. 1 (2025): Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/pgm.v48i1.832

Abstract

Hepatitis C is currently one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease. The prevalence of hepatitis C in Indonesia was 0.5 percent in 2022. This study aimed to determine the relationship between hepatitis C duration and nutritional status (BMI), albumin, hemoglobin, and gender. This research used a cross-sectional design with a total sample of 32 people, based on secondary data (patient medical records from January 2023 to December 2024). Data collected included length of illness, nutritional status, albumin and Hb values, and gender. Data were analyzed descriptively and analytically. The results showed that most respondents were adults (56.3%), had hepatitis C for ≤6 months (59.4%), had normal nutritional status (59.4%), and had hypoalbuminemia (53.1%), anemia (56.3%), and were male (59.4%). Nutritional status (BMI) was significantly associated with time since hepatitis C infection (p=0.018), but not with albumin levels (p=0.310), Hb levels (p=0.556), or gender (p=0.873). Therefore, attention to eating behavior, especially meeting optimal nutritional needs, is very necessary to control hepatitis C from worsening.
EFEK HIPOLIPIDEMIK SARI TAPAI KETAN HITAM TERHADAP HDL DAN TRIGLISERIDA PADA TIKUS MODEL SINDROM METABOLIK Putri Amalina Nafisa; Rahmi Khoirunnisa
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 49 No. 1 (2026): Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/pgm.v49i1.833

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic risk factors characterized by central obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, with low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and elevated triglyceride levels being common lipid abnormalities. Black glutinous rice fermented beverage (BGRFB) is a fermented product containing lactic acid bacteria and anthocyanins that may improve metabolic disorders through modulation of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of BGRFB on HDL and triglyceride levels in rats with metabolic syndrome. A randomized pretest-posttest control group design was conducted using 30 male Sprague Dawley rats divided into five groups: normal control, negative control, positive control, BGRFB 4.5 mL/kg body weight, and BGRFB 9 mL/kg body weight. Metabolic syndrome was induced using a high-fat diet followed by streptozotocin-nicotinamide administration. The intervention was administered daily for 28 days. The results showed that BGRFB significantly increased HDL levels and decreased triglyceride levels in metabolic syndrome rats (p<0.001). The highest increase in HDL was observed in the 9 mL/kg body weight group (45.74±1.77 mg/dL), while the greatest reduction in triglycerides was also found in this group (55.75±4.92 mg/dL). In conclusion, BGRFB improved lipid profiles in rats with metabolic syndrome, with greater effects observed at the higher dose. Further studies in humans are needed to confirm its potential as a functional food for metabolic syndrome management.
HUBUNGAN STATUS ANEMIA DENGAN STATUS GIZI DAN STATUS PERKEMBANGAN ANAK USIA DINI Ika Puspa Windardi; Andini Retno Yunitasari; Primasti Nuryandari Putri; Seala Septiani
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 48 No. 1 (2025): Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/pgm.v48i1.835

Abstract

Nutritional deficiencies and sub-optimal child development remain pressing public health concerns in Indonesia, often associated with low hemoglobin levels indicative of anemia. This study examined the relationship between nutritional status, hemoglobin levels, and developmental outcomes among early childhood children. This cross-sectional study involved 55 children aged 5 to 7 years. Nutritional status was assessed using BMI-for-age Z-scores, hemoglobin levels were measured non-invasively using an infrared sensor device, and child development was evaluated using the Developmental Pre-screening Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods. Results showed that 78.2 percent of children had normal nutritional status, while 10.9 percent were undernourished, 3.6 percent severely undernourished, and 7.3 percent overweight. Appropriate, questionable, and deviant early childhood development achievements were 87.3 percent, 10.9 percent, and 1.8 percent, respectively. Anemia was identified in 5.5 percent of the children. Fisher's exact test showed no significant association between anemia and nutritional status (BMI-for-age) (p=0.250) or between anemia and child development (p=1.000). These findings suggest that most children had normal nutritional and developmental status. Further investigation with a larger sample size is needed to more thoroughly explore the multifactorial influences of anemia status, nutritional status, and early childhood development.
PEMANFAATAN OKARA PADA SNACK BAR “OCECANA” SEBAGAI PANGAN FUNGSIONAL TINGGI SERAT, SUMBER PROTEIN DAN ANTIOKSIDAN UNTUK REMAJA OBESITAS Tavania Earline; Marudut Sitompul; Meilinasari Meilinasari; Ratih Puspitaningtyas Purbaningrum
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 48 No. 1 (2025): Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/pgm.v48i1.836

Abstract

Obesity in adolescents is a serious global nutritional problem and a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome in adulthood. The prevalence of adolescent obesity in Indonesia is increasing every year. Dietary interventions using high-fiber functional foods rich in protein and antioxidants are a promising strategy for obesity prevention. This study aims to develop functional foods—Ocecana snack bars—for obese adolescents, using plantains, soybean pulp (okara), egg whites, and carrots. The research used a completely randomized experimental design with three formulations, three replicates, and 30 semi-trained panelists. Data were analyzed using the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests. The results showed that the selected formulation significantly affected color and taste (p<0.05). The analysis of the selected product per serving (110g) showed that it contained 15.2g of protein, 31.7g of fiber, 693 µg of β-carotene, and 725ppm of antioxidant activity, with the criteria of brownish-yellow color, no rancid aroma, no noticeable bitter aftertaste, soft and slightly crumbly texture, attractive appearance, and liked by the panelists. This product contributes to the Nutrient Adequacy Rate (NAR) for adolescents aged 16–18 years, namely 85.5 percent of fiber requirements, 20.3 percent of protein requirements, and 16.5 percent of β-carotene requirements. Based on BPOM criteria, this product is claimed to be high in fiber, a source of protein, and a source of β-carotene. Fiber increases satiety by increasing GLP-1 and PYY hormones and reducing lipolysis by increasing SCFAs. One serving meets the daily fiber requirement.
PERBEDAAN PENGETAHUAN DAN KEPATUHAN MEMBACA LABEL PANGAN OLAHAN PADA MAHASISWA TINGKAT AKHIR BERDASARKAN JURUSAN Helga Luthfiah Gandhi; Marudut Sitompul; Meilinasari; Muntikah
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 48 No. 2 (2025): Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/pgm.v48i2.838

Abstract

Reading processed food labels is an important part of making healthier food choices, yet university students' practice remains suboptimal. This study aimed to analyze differences in knowledge and compliance with processed food label reading among final-year students from seven departments at the Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Jakarta II. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 142 students selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using valid and reliable questionnaires assessing knowledge and compliance with processed food label reading. Differences across departments were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Mann-Whitney test when significant differences were identified. The results showed significant differences in knowledge and compliance with processed food label reading across departments (p<0.001). Nutrition students showed the highest compliance, while Electromedical Engineering students had the highest mean knowledge score. Overall, students were more likely to read expiration dates and product names than nutritional information. These findings indicate that academic background is associated with variations in food label literacy, while adequate knowledge does not necessarily translate into consistent label-reading behavior. Improving food label literacy among health students should therefore emphasize the ability to understand and apply label information in making healthier food choices.
PERBEDAAN FAKTOR RISIKO OVERWEIGHT PADA BALITA DI PERKOTAAN DAN PERDESAAN INDONESIA [ANALISIS DATA STUDI STATUS GIZI BALITA INDONESIA 2019] Irlina Irawan; sudikno; yunita dianasari; budi setyawati; Yekti Widodo
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 48 No. 2 (2025): Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/pgm.v48i2.840

Abstract

Overweight in children under five is part of Indonesia's double burden of malnutrition, yet little is known about whether its risk factors differ between urban and rural areas. This study aimed to identify differences in risk factors for overweight among children aged 0–59 months in urban and rural Indonesia. This cross-sectional study analysed data from the 2019 Indonesian Under-five Children Nutritional Status Study (SSGBI) in 514 districts, including 84,578 children (33,693 urban; 50,885 rural). Overweight was defined as weight-for-length/height z-score >+2 SD (WHO 2006). Weighted logistic regression accounting for the complex survey design was run separately for each area, and differences between areas were tested with interaction terms. Overweight prevalence was 4.0% (95%CI 3.8–4.2), higher in urban (4.6%) than rural areas (3.4%; rural AOR 0.76; 95%CI 0.69–0.84). Boys had higher odds in both areas (urban AOR 1.17; rural AOR 1.18). Infants aged 0–5 months had higher odds only in rural areas (AOR 1.68; 95%CI 1.35–2.10), and rural Papua had the highest odds (AOR 1.76; 95%CI 1.33–2.33); no urban region exceeded Java-Bali. The age pattern differed by residence (p interaction=0.005), and the regional difference was borderline (p=0.055). Diarrhoea was not associated with overweight. Risk factors for overweight differ by residence mainly in age and region. Because infant length measurement is error-prone and socioeconomic and feeding data were unavailable, the finding in young rural infants needs confirmation; growth monitoring should assess weight-for-length/height, particularly in rural Papua and among urban preschool children
KEPATUHAN KONSUMSI BISKUIT MAKANAN TAMBAHAN PADA BALITA DAN FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN Aditianti Aditianti; sudikno sudikno
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 48 No. 2 (2025): Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/pgm.v48i2.841

Abstract

Adherence to supplementary feeding is an important factor determining the effectiveness of nutritional interventions for children under five. This study aimed to assess adherence to biscuit supplementary feeding and identify factors associated with adherence among children under five. A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from the 2017 evaluation of the supplementary feeding programme among 812 children aged 6–59 months in 56 primary health centres, 28 districts/cities, and 11 provinces in Indonesia. Fifteen recipient children were targeted in each primary health centre, with wasted children prioritised; when more children were eligible, they were selected randomly from the recipient register. Adherence was defined as consuming at least 80 percent of the biscuits received during the feeding period. Data were analysed using chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression with cluster-robust standard errors at the primary health centre level. Mean adherence was 73.1 percent, and 51.7 percent of children were classified as adherent. Only 15.8 percent of children received the recommended 90-day ration, and only 3.7 percent consumed it. Children aged 6–23 months were less likely to be adherent than those aged 24–59 months (AOR=0.67; 95% CI: 0.50–0.91), whereas receiving biscuits four or more times was associated with higher adherence (AOR=1.77; 95% CI: 1.18–2.66). The main reasons for not finishing the biscuits were consumption by other household members and child refusal or boredom. Adherence to biscuit supplementary feeding was suboptimal, and actual intake fell far below the programme recommendation. Smaller rations distributed more frequently and specific feeding guidance for children under two years may improve adherence.

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