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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal Health Science and Medicine
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30638186     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21070/ijhsm
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Veterinary
Focus: The Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine (IJHSM) focus to advance the field of health science and medicine by publishing high-quality, peer-reviewed research articles, reviews, and case studies. Our journal serves as a platform for researchers, clinicians, and healthcare professionals to share innovative findings, critical insights, and emerging trends in the broad domain of health science and medicine. Scope: Clinical Research and Practice Studies on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. Clinical trials and evidence-based practices. Advances in medical technology and therapeutics. Public Health Epidemiology and health statistics. Health policy and management. Community health initiatives and health education. Biomedical Science Research on cellular and molecular biology. Genetics and genomics. Pharmacology and toxicology. Health Care Systems and Services Health care delivery and management. Quality improvement in health care services. Health economics and health informatics. Global Health Health issues affecting populations worldwide. International health regulations and practices. Global health governance and diplomacy. Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Lifestyle and behavioral interventions. Preventive medicine and early detection. Nutritional science and physical activity. Mental Health Research on mental health disorders and treatments. Psychological well-being and mental health promotion. Integration of mental health services in primary care. Innovations in Health Education and Training Medical and health science education methodologies. Training programs for health professionals. Continuing education and professional development.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 268 Documents
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Genetic Variation of Hemoglobin Gene and Its Impact on Disease Severity Okab, Hayder Fadhil; Imad Badr Jasim
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i2.237

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and associated with severe complications, including neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the progression of these complications. Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) are essential in mitigating oxidative stress; however, their activity is often impaired in diabetic patients. Despite global research on oxidative stress in diabetes, there is limited evidence from Iraq examining the relationship between antioxidant enzyme activity and glycemic control. This study aimed to assess the levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx) and their association with glycemic indices (fasting blood glucose and HbA1c) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to healthy controls. A case-control study including 60 diabetic patients and 30 healthy controls revealed significantly reduced activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx in diabetic patients (p < 0.05). In contrast, fasting blood glucose and HbA1c were significantly elevated in diabetic subjects compared to controls. A negative correlation was observed between antioxidant enzyme activity and glycemic indices, indicating that poor glycemic control exacerbates oxidative stress. This is among the first studies in Iraq to demonstrate the association between impaired antioxidant defense mechanisms and hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The findings emphasize the importance of monitoring oxidative stress biomarkers alongside glycemic indices to improve management strategies and prevent diabetic complications. Highlights: Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent in 62% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Low vitamin D levels were significantly associated with poor glycemic control and longer disease duration. Age, obesity, and limited sun exposure were identified as key risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in diabetic patients.
Correlation between Soluble Transferrin Receptor and Iron Status in Women with Gestational Diabetes Yousif, Duaa Adil; Esraa M. Kareem; Dhuha S.Mohammed; Hawraa Hussein Khudhayer
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i2.238

Abstract

Soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), a cleaved form of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR),serves as a marker of cellular iron demand and is largely unaffected by inflammatory responses. This makes it a potentially reliable indicator of iron status, even in the context of inflammation. Human soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) concentrations were measured by ELISA in a group of 40 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and a comparison group of 40 pregnant women without GDM. Iron-related parameters were also assessed in both groups using the Cobas Integra 400 Plus systems. Women with GDM exhibited significantly elevated sTfR levels compared to the control group. Ferritin levels were also increased among those with GDM. The results demonstrate elevated sTfR levels in pregnant women with GDM compared to those without the condition. Moreover, a positive association was identified between sTfR ferritin, and hepcidin levels. Elevated ferritin was also positively linked to increased GDM risk Highlights: Pregnant women with gestational diabetes showed significantly higher serum sTfR levels compared to controls. Ferritin levels were markedly elevated in the GDM group, while serum iron and TIBC showed no significant differences. sTfR demonstrated limited diagnostic accuracy for GDM, with only 55% sensitivity and 43% specificity.
Phytochemical Study, Hplc Analysis of Vitamins, and Elemental Mapping of Iraqi Cardaria Daraba L Zughair, Duaa Abbas; Luma Amer Musa; Hala Hamid Hammadi
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i2.239

Abstract

Cardaria belongs to Brassicaceae family which was originally known as Cruciferae and is commonly referred to as mustard or Cabbage family. C.draba has numerous signifigant therapeutic activities including, carminative, antiscorbutic, antioxidant, and laxative. The presence of numerous significant secondary metabolites is responsible for this function. Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, and leucoanthocyanins are all found in the aerial parts of C.draba. Elemental microanalysis by electron-excited X-ray spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that has more than 60 year history. It gives comprehensive details on the constituents of substances by interrupting the icharacteristic X-rays ithat are generated by the collision of the sample with the electron beam. Despite the medicinal importance of C.daraba, very little work has been done in Iraq to investigate their phytochemical constituents. the present study aims to screen the phytochemical compositions of the Iraqi grown plant and to identify the presence and amounts of essential elements Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and iField iEmissioniScanning iElectron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS) were used to identify the elements present in the plant. The antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH method while HPLC was used to determine the vitamins in the plant. Plant extract exhibited radical scavenging activity in a dose-related imanner in relation to the standard (ascorbic acid) and the IC50 value was 2.96 mg/ml. AAS analysis of Iraqi C.daraba revealed that the level of Fe, Zn, Cu, Ca, and Mg were 89, 46, 0.1, 13.5, and 21.5 ppm, respectively. FESEM-EDS mapping of the ethanoilc plant extract revealed the presence of oxygen (O), isodium (Na), ipotassium (K), ichlorine (Cl), silicon (Si), selenium (Se), strontium (Sr), and thalium (Th), with percent mass 58.42%, 3.26%, 4.73%, 3.09%, 19.48%, 1.73%, 5.62%, and 7.74% respectively. Highlights: Iraqi Cardaria daraba L. contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and saponins with notable antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 2.96 mg/ml). HPLC analysis revealed high levels of vitamin C (42.8 mg/ml) and vitamin A (49.8 mg/ml) in the plant extract. AAS and FESEM-EDS analyses confirmed the presence of essential elements such as Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, Se, and Sr, supporting its medicinal potential.
Non Coplanar Versus Coplanar VMAT Techniques for Pituitary Adenoma Radiotherapy AL Hachami, Wisam Najm Abdullah
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i2.241

Abstract

This paper aims to investigate the dosimetric performance of two volumes of interest (VOIs) treated using coplanar as well as noncoplanar VMAT (volumetricmodulated arc therapy) in pituitary adenoma treatment. Fifteen patient cases were retrospectively studied with coplanar and noncoplanar VMAT plans generated. Dosimetric analysis concentrated on planning target volume (PTV) coverage and OAR sparing. The average dose to the PTV was 50.17Gy in coplanar plans and 50.20Gy in noncoplanar plans, demonstrating similar PTV coverage. Nevertheless, noncoplanar VMAT appeared to have a better conformity, with D95% achieving a maximum of 98.71% versus a maximum of 97.78% for coplanar. In OAR sparing, noncoplanar VMAT resulted in a significant decrease in the mean dose delivered to the right eye (8.56Gy vs 14.27Gy) and left eye (10.33Gy vs 12.32Gy). The mean dosimetric exposure was also lower in the left optic nerve for noncoplanar plans (26.57 vs 28.95). Notwithstanding, the highest brainstem dose increased marginally in noncoplanar plans (53.88 Gy versus 52.20 Gy); however, all dosimetric factors values still fell well within acceptable clinical constraints. These results indicated that noncoplanar VMAT techniques provide greater OAR-sparing capability with similar target dose coverage, which may support their clinical application for centrally located intracranial tumors, such as pituitary adenomas. Highlights: The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome among Iraqi university students was 27.5%, with a higher rate in females than males. A significant association was found between IBS and anxiety, suggesting psychological factors play a major role. Lifestyle factors, including dietary habits and stress, were identified as key contributors to IBS prevalence
Syncope and Hip Fracture Incidence Among the Elderly: Insiden Pingsan dan Patah Tulang Pinggul pada Lansia Eneama, Wijdan Abbas; Naser , Rand Salah; Issa, Wafaa Abdulkadhim
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i2.212

Abstract

General Background: Syncope, a transient loss of consciousness due to reduced cerebral blood flow, is a common geriatric condition linked to falls and injury. Specific Background: In older adults, the combination of comorbidities, impaired balance, and bone fragility increases susceptibility to severe consequences such as hip fractures, which are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Knowledge Gap: While syncope is recognized as a fall risk factor, its direct relationship with hip fracture prevalence and fracture severity patterns in elderly populations remains underexplored. Aims: This study aimed to quantify hip fracture incidence among elderly patients with syncope, identify high-risk subgroups, and assess the influence of syncope characteristics on fracture severity. Results: In a cross-sectional study of 200 patients, 36% sustained fractures, including 16% hip fractures; prolonged syncope (>2 minutes), absence of warning signs, and recurrent episodes were strongly associated with severe injuries. Women aged 45–50 with balance disorders or chronic conditions were disproportionately affected. Novelty: The research delineates a duration–severity gradient for syncope-induced fractures and highlights modifiable clinical predictors. Implications: Targeted preventive strategies—such as syncope workups, balance rehabilitation, and bone health screening—may substantially reduce fracture-related disability and mortality in at-risk elderly populations.Highlight : Syncope is a major risk factor for injury in older adults. Hip fractures were found in 16% of syncope patients. The duration of syncope affects the severity of fractures. Keywords : Syncope In Elderly, Hip Fractures, Falls Related Injuries, Fracture Patterns, Risk Factors
Study of Enzymatic Activity for The Detection of Bacteria in Seawater in Iraq: Studi Aktivitas Enzim untuk Deteksi Bakteri dalam Air Laut di Irak Al-Taie, Raqiya Khudhur Abbas; Al-Baky , Rasha Khalid Abd
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i2.214

Abstract

General Background: Monitoring bacterial contamination in seawater is essential for environmental safety, as fecal coliforms like Escherichia coli pose serious health risks. Specific Background: Traditional culture-based methods often underestimate bacterial viability, particularly in stressed or non-cultivable states, limiting their reliability. Knowledge Gap: Limited studies have explored how enzymatic activity can persist in non-cultivable bacteria and how it may be applied as a sensitive detection tool in marine environments. Aims: This study aimed to assess the persistence of β-galactosidase and β-glucuronidase activity in E. coli under varying stress conditions, including chlorine exposure, temperature, antibiotic treatment, and freeze-thaw cycles, to evaluate their potential as indicators of bacterial survival in seawater. Results: The findings revealed that under severe treatments (chlorine, high temperature), enzymatic activity declined simultaneously with cultivability, whereas under milder stress (chloramphenicol, freeze-thaw), enzymatic activity persisted despite significant loss of cultivability. Comparative modeling and docking analyses confirmed the structural and functional properties of β-galactosidase relevant to bacterial adaptation. Novelty: This research demonstrates that enzymatic activity may serve as a marker for viable but non-cultivable bacteria, bridging the gap between culture-based detection and molecular approaches. Implications: These results provide a foundation for developing rapid, sensitive monitoring tools for marine water quality, enhancing early detection of fecal contamination.Highlight : Enzymatic activity is used to assess bacterial viability in different stress conditions. Severe treatments cause simultaneous loss of cultivability and enzymatic activity. Mild treatments reduce cultivability more than enzymatic activity, indicating partial persistence. Keywords : Enzymatic Activity, Bacteria, Freeze-Thaw Cycles, Chloramphenicol, Seawater
Assessment of Tooth Movement and Bleeding on Probing: Clinical Indicators of Periodontal Disease Progression Haleem, Riyam; Noor Musa; Hind Hadi
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.240

Abstract

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that leads to the destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth. Two of its key clinical features are bleeding on probing (BOP) and tooth mobility, often reflective of underlying tissue breakdown. The aims of this study were to investigate the correlation between bleeding on probing and pathological tooth movement in patients with varying stages of periodontal disease, and to assess their diagnostic and prognostic significance. This cross-sectional study included 120 adult patients who underwent comprehensive periodontal examination. Parameters assessed included BOP, and tooth mobility. Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate associations between BOP and pathological tooth movement. BOP was detected in 78.5% of patients, with a higher prevalence in the posterior sextants. Tooth mobility (Grade 2 or higher) was observed in 31.6% of the sample, predominantly in the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth. A statistically significant correlation was found between BOP and pathological tooth movement (p < 0.01), with generalized BOP increasing the likelihood of tooth mobility by nearly fourfold (OR = 3.8). The presence of BOP is significantly associated with pathological tooth mobility, underlining its importance as a predictive marker in periodontal assessment. Early identification and intervention at sites with BOP may help prevent progressive tooth loss. Highlights: Iraqi Cardaria daraba L. contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and saponins with notable antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 2.96 mg/ml). HPLC analysis revealed high levels of vitamin C (42.8 mg/ml) and vitamin A (49.8 mg/ml) in the plant extract. AAS and FESEM-EDS analyses confirmed the presence of essential elements such as Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, Se, and Sr, supporting its medicinal potential.
Periodontal Implications of Orthodontic Treatment: Assessment of The Balance between Tooth Movement and Surrounding Tissue Haleem, Riyam; Noor Musa; Ghufran M. Hayder; Hasanain sabeeh
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.242

Abstract

Orthodontic treatment also aims to maintain ideal periodontal health. Gingival/periodontal conditions and orthodontic interventions have a complicated relationship because orthodontic forces invariably affect periodontal structures. The aims of this study were to investigate the plaque, and gingival index, before and during orthodontic treatment. In order to fully evaluate the periodontal health of orthodontic patients, a study spanning six months was carried out of 100 adult permanent dentition subjects were included in the sample. Participants were recruited from a specialized orthodontic clinic, and OPI, and OGI were assessed at multiple time points: baseline, 3 months, and 6 months post-treatment initiation. The study found that there were significant increasing in orthodontic plaque index, and orthodontic gingival index before orthodontic appliance insertion and over 6 months of post treatment. This study highlights the significant impact of orthodontic appliances on both gingival health and plaque accumulation. The increase in the Orthodontic Gingival Index and Orthodontic Plaque Index during treatment emphasizes the need for effective oral hygiene strategies for patients undergoing orthodontic therapy. Future research should focus on developing innovative methods to help orthodontic patients improve their oral hygiene practices and prevent gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation. Highlights: Orthodontic treatment led to significant increases in gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation over six months. Both Orthodontic Gingival Index (OGI) and Orthodontic Plaque Index (OPI) showed steady rises from baseline to 6 months. Findings emphasize the need for strict oral hygiene strategies during orthodontic therapy to prevent periodontal complications.
Meta-Analysis of Extracellular Vesicle microRNAs in Host Immune Response to Bacterial Infection Al-Sadawi, Aqeel A.; Ali Reyadh Medhat; Ruaa Kareem Surhan; Ahmed Al Obaidi
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i2.243

Abstract

Extracellular vesicle-associated microRNAs (EV-miRNAs) have gained recognition as key regulators of immune processes during bacterial infections. This meta-analysis aims to comprehensively assess the expression dynamics, diagnostic value, and immunological implications of EV-associated miRNAs during bacterial infections. A systematic review of studies indexed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed through May 2025, following PRISMA 2020 criteria. A total of 42 studies involving 2,348 samples from human and animal sources were included. Data extracted covered miRNA profiles, detection techniques (RT-qPCR, RNA-seq, microarray), infection types, and sample origins (plasma, serum, BAL, CSF). A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted, supplemented by subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger’s test. Five EV-miRNAs—miR-155, miR-146a, miR-21, miR-223, and miR-29a—were found to be significantly upregulated in ≥10 studies. The most prominent pooled effect size was observed for miR-21 (SMD: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.10–1.94; p < 0.0001). Subgroup analyses revealed stronger expression in Gram-negative infections and in plasma-based samples. RNA-seq outperformed RT-qPCR in sensitivity. No significant publication bias was detected. Sensitivity tests confirmed the robustness of the findings. Functional enrichment pointed to roles in NF-κB/TLR signaling, macrophage polarization, and cytokine modulation. EV-associated miRNAs show consistent and significant dysregulation during bacterial infections, highlighting their potential as biomarkers and immunoregulatory agents. These findings warrant further validation in prospective and functional studies. Highlights: Five EV-miRNAs (miR-155, miR-146a, miR-21, miR-223, and miR-29a) were consistently upregulated during bacterial infections. Expression changes were more pronounced in Gram-negative infections and plasma-based samples, with RNA-seq showing the highest sensitivity. These EV-miRNAs are strongly linked to NF-κB/TLR signaling, macrophage polarization, and cytokine modulation, highlighting their biomarker and therapeutic potential.
Immunohistochemical Expression of IDH Mutation in Primary Brain Tumors: Ekspresi Imunohistokimia Mutasi IDH pada Tumor Otak Primer Salim Mohammed, Amina; Al-Nuaimi, Hatem Abdulmajeed
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i2.244

Abstract

Background: Brain tumors constitute 1–2% of adult tumors, with glioblastoma (GBM) and meningioma being the most frequent subtypes. Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene are associated with gliomas and have prognostic significance. Specific Background: Although IDH mutation is well-documented in secondary glioblastoma and diffuse gliomas, data remain scarce in Iraqi populations. Knowledge Gap: Limited studies exist on the prevalence and diagnostic role of IDH mutations in primary brain tumors in Mosul, Iraq. Aim: This study investigates the frequency, histopathological characteristics, and immunohistochemical expression of IDH mutations in primary brain tumors. Results: Among 41 cases (mean age 36.6 years), GBM (26.8%) and meningioma (22%) were predominant. Supratentorial tumors accounted for 75.6%. IDH immunohistochemistry in 10 cases revealed four positive results: medulloblastoma (25%), GBM (50%), atypical meningioma (100%), and gliosarcoma (100%). Meningioma grade I and anaplastic astrocytoma showed negative IDH expression. Novelty: This is the first documented case series in Mosul to highlight IDH expression patterns across multiple tumor subtypes, including rare positivity in atypical meningioma and gliosarcoma. Implications: Findings underscore IDH testing as a valuable diagnostic tool, supporting future integration into local neuropathological practice. Highlights: IDH mutation detected in multiple tumor subtypes. GBM was the most frequent brain tumor. Diagnostic role of IDH confirmed in local population. Keywords: Glioblastoma, IDH Mutation, Gliosarcoma, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase, Brain Tumors

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