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Cermin Dunia Kedokteran
Published by PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk.
ISSN : 0125913X     EISSN : 25032720     DOI : 10.55175
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran (CDK) is a Medical Journal published since 1974 and affiliated with PT Kalbe Farma Tbk. CDK is intended to help accommodate scientific publications and help increase and disseminate knowledge related to the development of medical science, pharmacy, and public health. CDK covers the disciplines of medicine, pharmacy, and health with several types of articles, namely: 1. Research 2. Literature review 3. Case report 4. Evidence-based case report (EBCR), systematic review 5. Other scientific articles Based on the SK Kemendikbudristek Nomor 152/E/KPT/2023, CDK has obtained Rank 4 (SINTA 4) for Scientific Journals.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 1,276 Documents
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Diagnosis dan Farmakoterapi Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronis: Tinjauan Pustaka Lukito, Johan Indra
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 52 No 10 (2025): Kedokteran Umum
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v52i10.1682

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disease with chronic respiratory symptoms and exacerbations that can be prevented and treated. COPD is characterized by airfow obstruction that is not fully reversible, generally due to long-term exposure to cigarette smoke, pollution, or other environmental risk factors. Multiaspect COPD assessment after confrmation of COPD diagnosis is needed to guide treatment. The diagnosis is established by spirometry and clinical evaluation, including assessment of symptoms, history of exacerbations, blood eosinophil levels, and the presence of comorbidities. COPD pharmacotherapy aims to reduce symptoms, reduce the risk of exacerbations, and improve the patient’s quality of life. Pharmacotherapy is administered during stable conditions or during exacerbations using bronchodilators alone or in combination, corticosteroids, and other supportive medications according to the patient’s needs, abilities, and condition. Personalized therapy based on symptom severity, history of exacerbations, and patient response. Regular monitoring, proper inhaler technique, and treatment adherence are essential for achieving optimal clinical outcomes.
Analisis Bibliometrik Manfaat Nutrisi pada Sarkopenia: Analisis Pratiwi, Citra
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 52 No 10 (2025): Kedokteran Umum
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v52i10.1831

Abstract

Introduction: The benefits of nutrition in sarcopenia include maintaining muscle mass and improving physical condition. The bibliometric analysis aims to visualize future trends and opportunities for nutritional research in sarcopenia. Methods: Data was gathered from the Scopus database. The BIBLIO checklist is used as a guideline for quantitative analysis of bibliographic data using keywords “diet”, “nutritional approach,” and “sarcopenia”, on literature published between 2015 and 2025. Selection of types, articles, reviews, and conference papers in English, with final or in-press publication status. Studies involving “nonhuman” subjects were excluded. Analysis was conducted using the R and VOSviewer to visualize author networks, keywords, and publication trends. Results: A total of 1,337 documents were found, with 57,860 citations, ranging from 117 to 13,203 document citations per year. H-index is 109. The top three journals were Clinical Nutrition (60 articles), Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging (44 articles), and Frontiers in Nutrition (33 articles). Publications have increased over the past 10 years. The majority of publications were original articles (60.1%), followed by reviews (38.3%), and conference papers (1.5%). There are 5 clusters of co-occurrence topics from keywords. Conclusion: Research trends focus on sarcopenia prevention. Future studies could explore the effects of vitamin D and the mediterranean diet on sarcopenia.
Hipertrofi Adenoid dan Tonsil sebagai Faktor Risiko Obstructive Sleep Apnea pada Anak di RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang Periode 1 Januari 2015 – 31 Desember 2017 Tri Wirattami, Ayunita; Dwijo Murdiyo, H. Muhammad
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 49 No 10 (2022): Oftalmologi
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v49i10.302

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) adalah bagian dari sleep disorder breathing syndrome. Prevalensi OSA pada anak-anak sekitar 3% dengan frekuensi tertinggi pada usia 3-6 tahun. Penyebab utama OSA pada anak-anak adalah hipertrofi tonsil dan adenoid. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif untuk mengetahui kejadian hipertrofi adenoid dan tonsil pada anak dengan OSA di bagian THT-KL di RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang periode 1 Januari 2015 – 31 Desember 2017. Hasil: Selama periode tersebut tercatat 9 pasien hipertrofi adenoid dan tonsil anak, 4 orang laki-laki dan 5 orang perempuan; terbanyak pada rentang usia 5-10 tahun. Dari 9 subjek, 2 orang dengan hasil PSG normal, 7 orang menderita OSA sedang, 2 orang dengan hasil PSG normal, 7 orang dengan OSA, di mana terbanyak adalah OSA sedang. Ukuran hipertrofi adenoid terbanyak (44,4%), yaitu grade 1, 3, dan 4 dengan OSA, dengan paling banyak OSA sedang, sedangkan ukuran tonsil terbanyak (44,4%) adalah T3-T3 dengan derajat OSA sedang dan berat. Sebanyak 6 orang dengan BMI normal dan menderita OSA sedang, 1 orang dengan obesitas menderita OSA berat. Simpulan: Hipertrofi adenoid dan tonsil tidak berbanding lurus dengan derajat OSA, namun makin meningkatnya BMI dapat meningkatkan derajat OSA.   Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is part of the complex respiratory syndrome sleep disorder. The prevalence of OSA in children is around 3% with the highest frequency at 3-6 years old. The main cause of OSA in children are tonsillar and adenoid hypertrophy. Method: A descriptive study to assess adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy incidence among children with OSA in the Otorhinolaryngology Department, Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, during 1 January 2015 – 31 December 2017. Results: There were 9 children registered with tonsillar and adenoid hypertrophy, 4 males and 5 females, mostly within age range of 5-10 years; 2 with normal PSG results, 7 with OSA, mostly moderate OSA. The size of adenoid hypertrophy were grades 1, 3, and 4 (44.4%) with moderate OSA, while 44.4% tonsil size were T3-T3 with moderate and severe OSA. A total of 6 children with normal BMI and moderate OSA, 1 person with obesity suffered from severe OSA. Conclusion: Adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy is not directly proportional to the degree of OSA, but increasing BMI can worsen OSA.
Haglund Deformity: Diagnosis and Treatment Fauzi, Ahmad
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 49 No 10 (2022): Oftalmologi
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v49i10.303

Abstract

Deformitas Haglund adalah kelainan anatomi tulang kalkaneus berupa eksostosis di bagian posterosuperior, merupakan penyebab kedua tersering keluhan nyeri tumit sisi belakang pada atlet profesional dan amatir. Patogenesisnya masih belum diketahui; pada fase kronis, bursa retrokalkaneal dan tendon insersi Achilles akan ikut meradang. Kombinasi ini disebut dengan sindrom Haglund. Diagnosis ditegakkan dengan anamnesis komprehensif, pemeriksaan klinis, dan pencitraan diagnostik (X-ray, ultrasonografi, dan magnetic resonance imaging) secara cermat. Tata laksana lini pertama adalah terapi konservatif untuk mengurangi tekanan pada eksostosis. Lini kedua adalah pembedahan untuk menghilangkan eksostosis dengan atau tanpa debridemen bursa retrokalkaneal yang meradang dan/atau tendinopati Achilles.   Haglund deformity is an exostosis of the posterosuperior calcaneus. It is the second most common cause of posterior heel pain in professional and amateur athletes. The pathogenesis is still unknown; in the chronic phase, the retrocalcaneal bursa and Achilles insertional tendon will be inflamed. This condition is also known as Haglund syndrome. Diagnosis required comprehensive history-taking, clinical examination, and diagnostic imaging (X-ray, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging). First-line treatment is conservative therapy to reduce pressure on the exostosis. The second line is surgery to remove the exostosis with or without debridement of the inflamed retrocalcaneal bursa or Achilles tendinopathy.
Blefaritis: Etiologi, Klasifikasi, Diagnosis, dan Tata Laksana Fernanda, Marcella Dena
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 49 No 10 (2022): Oftalmologi
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v49i10.304

Abstract

Blefaritis merupakan kondisi oftalmologis yang ditandai dengan inflamasi pada margo kelopak mata. Secara anatomis, blefaritis dibagi menjadi blefaritis anterior dan posterior. Pilihan terapi blefaritis telah mengalami perkembangan dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Kompres hangat dan membersihkan kelopak mata masih menjadi regimen pengobatan dasar; penggunaan antibiotik, steroid, dan inhibitor calcineurin menunjukkan efikasi yang baik. Suplementasi dan berbagai prosedur intervensi mungkin dapat dipertimbangkan di masa depan.   Blepharitis is an ophthalmological condition characterized by inflammation of the eyelids. Anatomically, blepharitis is divided into anterior and posterior blepharitis. Therapeutic options for blepharitis have evolved in recent years. Warm compresses and eyelid hygiene are still the basic treatment regimen, but the use of antibiotics, steroids, and calcineurin inhibitors has shown good efficacy. Supplementations and various possible intervention procedures may be considered in the future.
Miopia: Etiologi dan Terapi Al Dinari, Nur
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 49 No 10 (2022): Oftalmologi
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v49i10.305

Abstract

Miopia menjadi beban kesehatan masyarakat di seluruh dunia. Prevalensi miopia makin meningkat. Faktor genetik dan lingkungan berperan penting dalam patogenesis miopia. Pemahaman etiologi penting untuk intervensi yang sesuai. Berbagai pilihan terapi untuk miopia, antara lain penggunaan kacamata, lensa kontak, orthokeratologi, agen farmakologis berupa atropine, serta memperbanyak waktu di luar ruangan. Myopia is a public health burden worldwide, its prevalence is increasing. Genetic and environmental factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of myopia. An understanding of the underlying etiology is important to determine appropriate intervention. Various treatment options include the use of glasses, contact lenses, orthokeratology, pharmacological agents such as atropine, and increased time outdoors.
Sindrom Pasca-Kolesistektomi Zulkhairi; Aflah, Muhammad; Muhar, Adi Muradi
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 49 No 10 (2022): Oftalmologi
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v49i10.306

Abstract

Tujuan umum tindakan kolesistektomi adalah menyembuhkan atau meringankan gejala yang mengganggu atau bahkan dapat mematikan. Namun pascakolesistektomi dapat timbul keluhan, dikenal sebagai sindrom pasca-kolesistektomi (SPK). Angka kejadian SPK pada kolesistektomi laparatomi antara 25% - 40% untuk gejala ringan hingga sekitar 10% untuk gejala berat. Keluhan SPK dapat terjadi setelah 2 hari hingga 25 tahun pasca-kolesistektomi. Keluhan umumnya berupa nyeri abdomen kuadran kanan atas, dengan atau tanpa nyeri alih, mirip nyeri sebelum kolesistektomi. Penatalaksanaan SPK terdiri dari intervensi bedah dan non-bedah, farmakoterapi, dan pengaturan nutrisi. The general goal of cholecystectomy is to cure or relieve the disturbing symptoms or even lethal. However, the procedure may be complicated by postcholecystectomy syndrome (PCS). The incidence of PCS in laparoscopic cholecystectomy varies from 25% to 40% for mild symptoms to about 10% for severe symptoms. PCS can occur in 2 days to 25 years after cholecystectomy. Most patients present with right upper quadrant abdominal pain, with or without referred pain, similar to the pain experienced before cholecystectomy. The management of PCS consists of surgical and non-surgical interventions, pharmacotherapy, and nutritional management.
Wanita 75 Tahun dengan Hipertensi Emergensi dan Unstable Angina Pectoris Enggarela, Asrina
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 49 No 10 (2022): Oftalmologi
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v49i10.307

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Hipertensi emergensi adalah peningkatan tekanan darah secara substansial dan dihubungkan dengan adanya hypertensive mediated organ damage (HMOD) akut. Kondisi ini sering memerlukan intervensi menurunkan tekanan darah segera tetapi hati-hati, biasanya secara intravena. Kasus: Perempuan, usia 75 tahun, mengeluh tiba-tiba nyeri dada 4 jam sebelum masuk rumah sakit. Nyeri seperti ditindih dan menjalar hingga ke lengan kiri. Keluhan tidak berkurang dengan istirahat, disertai keringat dingin dan sesak napas. Tekanan darah 230/110 mmHg, nadi 122 kali/menit, pernapasan 26 kali/menit, saturasi oksigen 97%.Tidak ada gallop dan murmur pada auskultasi jantung. Pada EKG didapatkan irama sinus takikardia, prolonged QTc, ST depresi lead II, III, aVF, aVL, dan V4-V6. Pada pemeriksaan foto toraks PA, didapatkan adanya kardiomegali (ventrikel kiri) dan bronkopneumonia. Hasil laboratorium darah didapatkan leukositosis, tanpa peningkatan kadar enzim troponin I dan CKMB. Pasien didiagnosis hipertensi emergensi dengan unstable angina pectoris. Simpulan: Hipertensi emergensi merupakan salah satu kasus kegawatdaruratan yang memerlukan diagnosis yang cepat dan tepat serta memerlukan intervensi segera, biasanya dengan terapiintravena serta pengawasan di ICU. Pilihan obat dan target tekanan darah tergantung pada organ target yang terkena dan manifestasi klinisnya. Introduction: Hypertensive emergency is a substantially elevated blood pressure associated with acute hypertensive mediated organ damage (HMOD). This condition is often life-threatening, requiring immediate but careful intervention to lower blood pressure, usually with intravenous therapy. Case: A 75 year-old female presented with acute-onset chest pain started 4 hours before admission to the hospital. The chest pain was crushing in nature and radiating to the left arm accompanied by cold sweats and shortness of breath, not relieved with rest. Blood pressure was 230/110 mmHg, heart rate was 122 bpm and regular, oxygen saturation was 97%. No heart murmurs on cardiac auscultation. ECG showed sinus tachycardia rhythm, prolonged QTc, ST segment depression in lead II, III, aVF, aVL, and V4-V6. Chest X-ray showed cardiomegaly (left ventricle) and bronchopneumonia. Blood laboratory findings showed elevated white blood cells and normal level of troponin I and CK-MB. The diagnosis was hypertensive emergency with unstable angina pectoris. Conclusion: Hypertensive emergency requires a fast and accurate diagnosis with immediate intervention, usually with intravenous therapy and ICU monitoring. The choice of drug and blood pressure target depends on the affected target organ and its clinical manifestations.
Misdiagnosis of Acute Aortic Dissection in Emergency Room Octavallen, Andri; Setiawan, Anthony
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 49 No 10 (2022): Oftalmologi
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v49i10.308

Abstract

Acute aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition requiring rapid recognition and treatment. The immediate mortality rate in aortic dissection is as high as 1% /hour over the first several hours. The typical presentation of acute aortic dissection is the abrupt onset of severe pain in the chest, back, or abdomen, often described as tearing or ripping. This case concerns a 67-year-old woman who lost consciousness one and a half hours before being presented to the emergency room without chest pain. Since there was left hemiparesis, a stroke was suspected. However, a chest x-ray showed wide mediastinum, and a thorax CT-Scan with contrast showed aortic dissection. Aortic dissection may manifest in various symptoms without typical presentation.   Diseksi aorta akut adalah kondisi mengancam nyawa yang membutuhkan diagnosis cepat dan tepat disertai penatalaksanaan adekuat. Tingkat kematian langsung pada diseksi aorta sebesar 1% /jam selama beberapa jam pertama. Gejala utamanya adalah nyeri akut seperti dirobek terutama di dada, punggung, atau perut. Kasus pada seorang wanita usia 67 tahun, dengan gejala utama penurunan kesadaran satu setengah jam sebelum ke instalasi gawat darurat. Didapatkan hemiparesis sinistra tanpa nyeri dada. Pasien diduga stroke, namun ada pelebaran mediastinum pada x-ray dada; CT-scan dada dengan kontras didapatkan adanyadiseksi aorta. Klinisi harus selalu waspada terhadap kasus diseksi aorta dengan manifestasi tidak khas.
Kombinasi Alat Cardiac Contractility Modulation dan Terapi Sel Punca Hematopoetik CD34+CD133+ sebagai Terapi Gagal Jantung dengan Penurunan Fraksi Ejeksi Ridwan, Alifaturrasyid Syafatullah; Suryoadji, Kemal Akbar
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 49 No 10 (2022): Oftalmologi
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v49i10.309

Abstract

Gagal jantung merupakan penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas di seluruh dunia dan di Indonesia. Seiring progresi penurunan fungsi kontraktilitas jantung, terapi farmakologis seringkali tidak cukup, sehingga terapi invasif seperti cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) merupakan alternatif. Terapi regeneratif dengan sel punca dewasa CD34+CD133+ juga menunjukkan manfaat memperbaiki perfusi miokard dan inhibisi kerusakan lanjut pasca-iskemia. Studi literatur ini mengevaluasi potensi gabungan modalitas terapi listrik CCM dengan terapi regeneratif sel progenitor CD34+CD133+ pada pasien gagal jantung kronis dengan penurunan fraksi ejeksi hingga <30% berdasarkan penelitian 10 tahun terakhir di database online PubMed, Scopus, dan EBSCO. Kombinasi CCM dengan infus sel punca terbukti meningkatkan kontraktilitas dan membatasi area fibrosis pasca-infark. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terapi CCM untuk perbaikan kontraktilitas berpotensi dikombinasikan dengan terapi regeneratif sel punca CD34+CD133+ untuk memaksimalkan perbaikan kontraktilitas jantung pada pasien gagal jantung kronis dengan penurunan fraksi ejeksi berat. Heart failure is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in general population both worldwide and in Indonesia. The progression of decreased cardiac contractility may result in inadequate pharmacological therapy, and invasive therapy such as cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) is an alternative. Regenerative therapy with adult stem cells CD34+CD133+ in various studies has also shown benefits for improving myocardial perfusion and inhibition of further post-ischemic damage. This literature study aims to evaluate the potential of combined cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) electric therapy and CD34+CD133+ progenitor cells regenerative therapy in chronic heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction to <30%. The literature study was compiled from studies of the last 10 years and registered in the online database of PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO. This study found CCM can increase natural contraction of myocardium without increasing oxygen demand and also influences remodeling myocardium to increase its ejection fraction. Various clinical trials have also shown subpopulations of CD34+CD133+ progenitor cells from bone marrow play a role in enhancing perfusion in post-infarct myocardium, inducing myocardial repopulation and inhibiting further damage to ischemic myocardium. The combination of CCM with cell infusion has been shown to increase contractility and limit the area of post-infarct fibrosis. CCM and regenerative therapy with stem cells CD34+CD133+ may be potentially combined to maximize therapeutic cardiac contractility improvement in chronic heart failure patients with severe reduction of ejection fraction.

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