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Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : -     EISSN : 24072370     DOI : https://doi.org/10.15294/jbat
Core Subject : Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbaurkan is a scientific journal which is focusing on the research, development and applications in biomass conversion processes (thermo-chemical conversion; physicochemical conversion and bio-chemical conversion) and equipment to produce fuels, power, heat, and value-added chemicals from biomass.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Teknik Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 25 Documents
 1   2   3 
Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl OrangeUsing N-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots/TiO₂ NanocompositeDerived from Orange Peel Muhammad Adam Purnawan; Faatin Nisriinaa Zain; Fakhri Ahmad Kurniawan; Shaka Kusuma Nurjati; Maulida Zakia
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): June 2026 [Nationally Accredited Sinta 3]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v15i1.35263

Abstract

The release of azo dyes such as Methyl Orange (MO) from the textile industry poses serious environmental problems due to their toxic, stable, and difficult-to-degrade properties. Conventional treatment methods such as adsorption, coagulation, and chemical oxidation have not been able to effectively degrade dyes, so a more efficient and environmentally friendly alternative approach is needed. Photocatalysis technology is a potential solution because it can mineralize organic compounds into harmless products. However, conventional photocatalysts such as TiO2 NPs have limited activity in visible light due to their large band gap and high electron-hole recombination rate. This study aims to improve the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 NPs through the integration of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (NCQDs) synthesized from orange peel waste using a one-step hydrothermal carbonization method, then composited with TiO2 NPs through a low-temperature hydrothermal reaction. Characterization was performed using SEM and SEM-EDX to analyze the morphology and elemental composition. Photocatalytic activity was tested against MO degradation under UV irradiation using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the NCQDs/TiO2 composite had a homogeneous morphology and strong chemical interaction between NCQDs and TiO2 NPs. Degradation efficiency reached 32.5% in 90 minutes, higher than pure TiO2 NPs by 2.5%, with an increase in the reaction rate constant from 2.81×10⁻⁴ to 4.37×10⁻³ min⁻¹ and a decrease in half-life from 41.1 h to 2.65 h. Thus, the NCQDs/TiO2 nanocomposite based on orange peel has potential as a sustainable photocatalyst for the treatment of MO.
Development of a Mulfunctional Edible Film Based on Avocado Seed Starch Reinforced with CMC and Clove Extract for Traditional Dodol Packaging Linda Maulida; Yulia Nurul Ma'rifah; Muhammad Wicaksana; Nova Bulkis; Debby Islami; Iryanti Nata
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): June 2026 [Nationally Accredited Sinta 3]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v15i1.35709

Abstract

Edible film is a thin layer, which uses natural materials that can be consumed and used as eco-friendly food packaging. Avocado seed starch is used as the principal matrix of edible film and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is applied as a filler, and clove extract is included as an antibacterial. This study aimed to measure the role of CMC and clove extract as antibacterials on edible film in terms of thickness, tensile strength, elongation at break, and its use as a packaging medium in South Kalimantan dodol snacks in general. Moreover, to define the edible film in terms of morphological structure, functional groups, water vapor permeation, degradation, and antibacterial properties. CMC (10, 15, and 20 w/v) and clove extract (5, 10, and 15, v/v) were combined with 100 mL of distilled water and 30% glycerol (w/v) and stirred.  The avocado seed starch (4 g) was then added, and heated at 80 oC during 1 h; it was moulded and baked at 55 oC during 12 h. This research anticipates that edible film will hold promise as a biodegradable packaging that works to preserve food as well as lengthen the shelf-life. The optimal concentration and thickness of 0.136 mm, tensile strength of 4.947 N/mm2, elongation at break of 92.3%, water vapor transmission of 0.212 g/m2h were the best results of the edible film test. The resulting edible film is usable as an environmental friendly food as wrapping material.
Curcuma caesia Extract-Based Nanoparticle Formulation in Antibacterial Shampoo Against Staphylococcus aureus and epidermidis Bacteria Sholichah Rohmani; Devilia Kusumawaty; Anif Nur Artatnti; Diyah Tri Utami; Annisa Diyan Meitasari; Ulfa Afrinurfadillah Darojati; Heru Sasongko; Meta Kartika Untari; M.Fiqri Zulpadly; Nindita Clourisa A.S; Dian Eka Ermawati
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): June 2026 [Nationally Accredited Sinta 3]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v15i1.37919

Abstract

Curcuma caesia  shows promise as a medicinal plant due to its bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, phenols, and alkaloids, which contribute to its antibacterial activity. Based on this antibacterial effect, the shampoo formulation was created with variations in the concentration of C.caesia nanoparticles at 10%, 15%, 20%. The shampoo preparation was tested for physical-chemical characteristics, including organoleptic properties, pH levels, viscosity, foam height, and a physical stability test using the cycling-test method. Antibacterial activity tests were then conducted on S.aureus and S.epidermidis, followed by preliminary dermal toxicity tests on test animals, such as mice. The results of the physical-chemical properties test indicated that the preparation met the criteria for a good shampoo. The particle size test of C.caesia extract revealed a size of 229.3 nm. The variation in C.caesia nanoparticle showed differences,as the concentration increased, the color produced was more intense organoleptically, the pH level rose, the viscosity value decreased, and the foam production increased.  C.caesia extract nanoparticles, used as an active ingredient in shampoo, demonstrate antibacterial properties. The inhibition zones measured against S.aureus were:F1 at 8.41 mm (moderate), F2 at 9.10 mm (moderate), and F3 at 11.16 mm (strong). Meanwhile, the diameters of the inhibition zones formed against S.epidermidis, namely F1,F2,and F3, were 10.19 (strong),10.45 (strong), and 11.00 (strong),respectively.
Transformation of Biogenic Calcium Carbonate from Waste Eggshells into Hydroxyapatite: A Comparative Study on Crystallographic Characteristics Agus Jatmiko; Rani Nopriyanti; Dewi Idamayanti; Moch. Wisnu Arif Sektiono; Gita Novian Hermana
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): June 2026 [Nationally Accredited Sinta 3]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v15i1.39698

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a calcium phosphate–based biomaterial that has been widely applied in biomedical fields due to its excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility. In this study, HAp was synthesized using a wet chemical precipitation method by utilizing eggshell waste as a calcium source, aiming to develop a sustainable and cost-effective synthesis route. The synthesized products were investigated under two different conditions, namely without calcination and with calcination at 900 °C, in order to evaluate the effect of thermal treatment on the structural and microstructural characteristics of HAp. Phase formation and crystal structure were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), while surface morphology and elemental composition were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). XRD results confirmed the formation of hydroxyapatite with a hexagonal crystal structure, and calcination treatment led to sharper diffraction peaks, indicating an improvement in crystallinity. SEM observations revealed that the synthesized HAp particles exhibited irregular shapes with a tendency to agglomerate, which is commonly observed in HAp produced via wet chemical precipitation. EDS analysis verified the presence of the main constituent elements, Ca, P, and O, with a Ca/P atomic ratio of 1.67, which is in good agreement with the theoretical stoichiometric value of hydroxyapatite. Crystallite size was evaluated using several XRD-based methods, including the Scherrer, Monshi-Scherrer, Williamson-Hall, Size-Strain Plot, and Halder-Wagner approaches. The calculated crystallite sizes were found to be within the nanometer scale, with variations depending on the assumptions and principles of each method. Overall, the results demonstrate that wet chemical precipitation using eggshell-derived calcium is an effective approach for producing hydroxyapatite with favorable structural and microstructural properties.
Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Agricultural Husk Waste: A Focused Review on Material Design and Energy Performance Merreta Noorenza Biutty; Eprillia Intan Fitriasari
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): June 2026 [Nationally Accredited Sinta 3]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v15i1.42548

Abstract

The increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions and environmentally responsible waste management has encouraged the exploration of agricultural residues as functional materials for energy harvesting technologies. Among these residues, agricultural husks represent an abundant and underutilized lignocellulosic resource with intrinsic structural and chemical characteristics that are advantageous for triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). This review provides a focused and systematic analysis of agricultural husk–derived materials for TENG applications, with particular emphasis on material design strategies and energy performance. The unique natural architecture of husks, including their fibrous morphology, inherent surface roughness, abundant hydroxyl functional groups, and, in some cases, silica-rich composition, plays a decisive role in charge generation and retention. Various processing approaches such as mechanical grinding, nanoporous silica conversion, chemical functionalization, and composite integration are critically discussed in relation to their influence on electrical output parameters, including open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and power density. Reported studies demonstrate that rational material engineering significantly enhances triboelectric performance and enables practical applications such as wearable sensors, smart agriculture monitoring, portable electronics, and low-power IoT systems. Despite promising progress, challenges remain in terms of biomass variability, moisture sensitivity, long-term durability, and large-scale fabrication. Future development should focus on standardized processing, environmentally compatible modification strategies, and fully biomass-derived device architectures to improve reliability and sustainability. Overall, this review establishes a comprehensive framework for transforming agricultural husk waste into high-performance triboelectric materials and highlights their potential as a viable platform for next-generation self-powered energy systems.

Page 3 of 3 | Total Record : 25

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