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Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal)
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 19077505     EISSN : 24600601     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/kesmas
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Public Health
The focus of Kesmas is on public health as discipline and practices related to preventive and promotive measures to enhance the public health through a scientific approach applying a variety of technique. This focus includes areas and scopes such as Biostatistics, Environmental Public Health, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Health Services Research, Nutrition, Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Public Health, Public Health Education and Promotion, Women Health.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 7 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 10, No. 4" : 7 Documents clear
Effect of Ambient Particulate Matter 2.5 Micrometer (PM2.5) to Prevalence of Impaired Lung Function and Asthma in Tangerang and Makassar Haryanto, Budi; Resosoedarmo, Budy; Utami, Sri Tjahjani Budi; Hartono, Budi; Hermawati, Ema
Kesmas Vol. 10, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Emisi partikel debu 2,5 mikrometer (PM2.5) meningkat dengan bertambahnya jumlah penduduk kota akibat peningkatan angka kendaraan bermotor sebagai transportasi penduduk sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat gangguan fungsi paru dan asma serta hubungannya dengan kadar ambien PM2.5 pada masyarakat migran di Tangerang dan Makassar dan kondisi sosial ekonomi. Desain potong lintang digunakan dengan melibatkan 4.250 dan 2.900 responden di Tangerang dan Makassar pada bulan April sampai September 2010. Pendekatan cluster sampling diterapkan. Pengukuran ambien PM2.5 di masing-masing kota berdasarkan koordinat 40 lokasi Global Positioning System (GPS). Kadar PM2.5 ditemukan lebih tinggi pada pagi hari dibandingkan siang hari di kedua kota tersebut dengan rata-rata enam kali lipat dari pedoman World Health Organization (WHO) 35 mg/m3. Prevalensi asma ditemukan sama pada kedua kota (1,3%) dan prevalensi gangguan fungsi paru di Makassar lebih tinggi (24%) dibandingkan di Tangerang (21%). Data menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara kadar PM2.5 terhadap prevalensi asma dan gangguan fungsi paru di kedua kota. Penelitian ini menguatkan bahwa pajanan PM2.5 berkaitan dengan prevalensi asma dan gangguan fungsi paru serta bukti yang diberikan menunjukkan bahwa efek polusi udara diubah oleh karakteristik lingkungan tertentu. Temuan ini menyarankan adanya perbaikan ventilasi rumah dan ruang tamu yang lebih luas untuk sirkulasi oksigen yang lebih baik. Particulate matter 2.5 micrometer (PM2.5) emission increased with increasing number of urban population as a result of increasing number of motor vehicles for their daily transportation. This study aimed to determine the level of impaired lung function and asthma and its relation to ambient levels of PM2.5 among migrant communities in Tangerang and Makassar and socioeconomic conditions. A cross-sectional design was implemented by involving 4,250 and 2,900 respondents in Tangerang and Makassar respectively on April to September 2010. Cluster sampling approach was applied. PM2.5 ambient measurements in each city were based on the coordinates of 40 global positioning system locations. The PM2.5 levels found higher in the morning than afternoon in both cities, with average about six folds of WHO guideline of 35 mg/m3. Asthma prevalence was found similar in both cities (1.3%) and impaired lung function prevalence in Makassar was higher (24%) than Tangerang (21%). Data showed there was no association between PM2.5 levels to the prevalence of asthma and impaired lung function in both cities. The study confirmed that exposure to PM2.5 is associated with prevalence of asthma and impaired lung function and provided evidence showed that the effect of air pollution was modified by certain living environment characteristics. These findings suggest the improvement of housing ventilations and larger space of living room for better oxygen circulation.
Birth Intervals among Multiparous Women in Indonesia Kurniawati, Dini; Prasetyo, Sabarinah
Kesmas Vol. 10, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Angka kematian ibu dan angka kematian bayi di Indonesia masih tinggi. Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan tingginya risiko kematian pada ibu dan bayi adalah kelahiran terlalu dekat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari determinan jarak antarkelahiran pada perempuan multipara di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2012 pada 9.945 perempuan multipara. Analisis data menggunakan uji Mann Whitney, Kruskal Wallis, dan regresi logistik. Median jarak antarkelahiran sebesar 62 bulan dan 22,8% perempuan memiliki jarak antarkelahiran kurang dari tiga tahun. Hasil menunjukkan determinan jarak antarkelahiran pendek meliputi pendidikan ibu, usia terakhir melahirkan, ukuran ideal keluarga, pemakaian kontrasepsi, riwayat kematian anak, dan kelangsungan hidup anak sebelumnya (nilai p < 0,05). Usia melahirkan merupakan faktor yang paling berisiko terhadap jarak kelahiran terlalu dekat. Diperlukan peningkatan komunikasi, informasi, dan edukasi mengenai pendewasaan usia pernikahan, jumlah anak ideal serta peningkatan pemakaian kontrasepsi dalam upaya meningkatkan jarak antarkelahiran optimum. Maternal mortality rate and infant mortality rate in Indonesia are currently high. One of factors causing the high risk of maternal and infant mortality is too short birth intervals. This study aimed to learn determinants of birth intervals among multiparous women in Indonesia. This study used data from the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2012 with 9,945 multiparous women. The data was analyzed using Mann Whitney, Kruskal Wallis and logistic regression tests. Median of birth intervals was 62 months and 22.8% women had birth interval less than three years. Results showed that determinants of birth intervals included maternal education, the last age of childbirth, ideal family size, the use of contraception, infant mortality records and survival of preceding child (p value < 0.05). The age of childbirth was a major risk factor of too short birth intervals. It needs the improvement of communication, information and education regarding maturation of age for marriage, ideal number of children as well as the increase of contraception use in order to increase optimum birth intervals.
Husband’s Support towards Unmet Need of HIV Positive-Infected Women of Childbearing Age Sophia, Sophia; Anwar, Anita Deborah; Lestari, Bony Wiem
Kesmas Vol. 10, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Jutaan wanita usia subur (WUS) dengan HIV positif di negara berkembang saat ini tidak menggunakan kontrasepsi untuk menunda atau mengakhiri kehamilan. Pencegahan kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan pada WUS dengan HIV positif sangat penting untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup ibu dan anak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap unmet need pada WUS dengan HIV positif. Metode penelitian adalah cross sectional dengan sampel berjumlah 130 WUS dengan HIV positif yang diambil secara consecutive sampling. Penelitian dilakukan pada 24 Maret - 30 Juni 2015 di Klinik Mawar Kota Bandung. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner, kemudian data dianalisis dengan uji kai kuadrat dan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keinginan memiliki anak dengan OR= 2,67 (CI 95%= 1,034 - 6,891), dukungan suami dengan OR= 7,803 (CI95%= 2,037 - 29,884) berpengaruh terhadap unmet need dan status HIV suami dengan OR= 0,168 (CI95%= 0,064 - 0,44) berpengaruh lebih rendah untuk terjadi unmet need. Dukungan suami merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap unmet need. Peran suami merupakan faktor penting untuk menurunkan angka unmet need pada WUS dengan HIV positif sehingga disarankan untuk dilakukan konseling kontrasepsi berpasangan. In the developing countries, millions of HIV positive-infected women of childbearing age are currently not using contraceptive to delay or terminate pregnancy. Prevention of unintended pregnancy among HIV positive-infected women is very important to improve these women and their baby’s quality of life. This study aimed to analyze factors related to the unmet need among HIV positive-infected women of childbearing age. This study used cross-sectional method with 130 samples taken consecutively. This study was conducted on March 24 to June 30, 2015 at Mawar Clinic in Bandung City. Interviews using a questionnaire were performed to collect data that were then analyzed by using chi square test and multiple logistic regression. The results showed that desire to have children (OR= 2.67; 95%CI= 1.034 - 6.891, husband’s support (OR= 7.803; 95%CI = 2.037 - 29.884) affected the unmet need and husband’s HIV status (OR= 0.168; 95%CI= .064 - 0.44) had lower effect to the unmet need. The husband’s support was found as the most influential factor to the unmet need in this study. The husband’s role is important in reducing the unmet need among the HIV positive-infected women, so that contraceptive counseling in pair should be performed.
Impact of Husband’s Participation in Antenatal Care on the Use of Skilled Birth Attendant Wicaksono, Febri
Kesmas Vol. 10, No. 4
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Pendekatan alternatif diperlukan untuk mengatasi persoalan kesehatan reproduksi, salah satunya dengan meningkatkan partisipasi laki-laki pada kesehatan reproduksi perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelusuri dampak partisipasi suami dalam pelayanan antenatal pada penggunaan tenaga persalinan terlatih setelah mengontrol karakteristik sosial demografi. Sampel sebanyak 4.000 perempuan berusia 15 – 49 tahun yang memiliki persalinan terakhir pada tahun lalu sebelum survei diambil dari Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2012. Penelitian menggunakan model regresi logistik biner untuk mengidentifikasi dampak partisipasi suami dalam pelayanan antenatal pada penggunaan tenaga persalinan terlatih setelah mengontrol karakteristik ibu dan sosial demografi. Peluang setelah mengontrol faktor lainnya mengindikasikan perempuan yang suaminya datang setidaknya satu kali kunjungan pelayanan antenatal lebih berpeluang menggunakan tenaga persalinan terlatih dibandingkan yang suaminya tidak datang. Sebagai kesimpulan, partisipasi suami dengan berkunjung ke pelayanan antenatal secara positif berdampak pada penggunaan tenaga persalinan terlatih oleh perempuan selama bersalin. Alternative approaches are needed to address the issues of reproductive health, one of which is by increasing participation of men on women’s sexual and reproductive health. This study aimed to investigate the impact of husband’s participation in antenatal care on the use of skilled birth attendant after controlling socio-demographic characteristics. Samples were 4,000 women aged 15 – 49 years who had their last childbirth in the past year before the survey drawn from 2012 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. The study used binary logistic regression model to identify the impact of husband’s participation in antenatal care on the use of skilled birth attendant after controlling socio-demographic and maternal characteristics. The odds after controlling other factors indicated that women whose husbands attended at least one antenatal care visit were more likely to use skilled birth attendants than those whose husbands did not attend. In conclusion, husband’s participation, through attending antenatal visit, positively affects the use of skilled birth attendant by women during delivery.
Child Health Improvement through Implementation of Food Safety Model Safari, Arief; Machfud, Machfud; Eriyatno, Eriyatno; Daryanto, Heny Kuswanti
Kesmas Vol. 10, No. 4
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Pemenuhan akan pangan merupakan komponen dasar untuk mewujudkan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas. Namun, masih terdapat permasalahan dalam mewujudkannya, di antaranya masalah keamanan pangan dengan persentase kasus keracunan makanan masih tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis situasi pelaksanaan keamanan Pangan Jajanan Anak Sekolah (PJAS) yang ada saat ini dan memilih alternatif model keamanan pangan yang paling efektif dan efisien diterapkan di usaha mikro kecil (UMK) guna meningkatkan keamanan pangan yang dihasilkannya sehingga terjadi peningkatan kesehatan anak. Penelitian dilakukan pada kuartal II tahun 2015 sampai dengan awal kuartal III tahun 2015 melalui survei lapangan dan survei pakar dengan mengambil studi kasus di lingkungan sekolah dasar. Survei lapangan melibatkan 102 responden untuk memungkinkan dilakukannya analisis situasional dan juga survei pakar untuk memilih model keamanan pangan yang paling efektif dan efisien untuk diterapkan pada UMK PJAS dengan Analytical Hierarchy Process. Hasil survei lapangan menunjukkan 91% responden anak sekolah pernah mengalami gangguan kesehatan setelah mengonsumsi PJAS. Selain itu, 100% responden UMK PJAS tidak menggunakan masker dan sarung tangan sebelum mengolah makanan/minuman, 62% masih menggunakan air sumur sebagai sumber air untuk produksi PJAS dan 86% menggunakan Bahan Tambahan Pangan. Hasil survei pakar menunjukkan model Lima Kunci Pangan Aman terpilih sebagai model keamanan pangan yang paling efektif dan efisien diterapkan pada UMK PJAS. Food is the most important basic human need, in which it’s fulfillment becomes major component of human right to embody qualified human resources in Indonesia. However, there have been some problems to embody it, such as food safety problem with percentage of foodborne ilness case that remains high. This study aimed to analyze the situation of Street Food for School Children (SFSC) safety practice nowadays and select the most effective and efficient food safety model alternative implemented on Micro and Small Enterprises (MSE) in order to improve food safety performance, so child health improvement may occur. This study was conducted in the second quarter until the early third quarter of 2015 through field survey and expert survey by taking case study in elementary school environment. Field survey involved 102 respondents was conducted to enable situational analysis and expert survey was conducted to select the most effective and efficient food safety model implemented in SFSC MSE with Analytical Hierarchy Process. Field survey results showed 91% school child respondents ever suffered from health disorders after consuming SFSC. Moreover, 100% SFSC MSE respondents did not wear masks nor gloves before producing food/beverage, 62% still used nearby well water as water source for SFSC production and 86% used Food Additives. Expert survey results showed Five Keys to Safer Food model selected as the most effective and efficient food safety model implemented in SFSC MSE.
Housewives’ Compliance in Reading Food Labels in Gorontalo City Tumenggung, Imran; Herawati, Lucky; Talibo, Sofyawati
Kesmas Vol. 10, No. 4
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Di Indonesia, masalah label pada kemasan makanan kurang mendapat perhatian konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari determinan kepatuhan membaca label pada kemasan makanan oleh ibu rumah tangga di Kota Gorontalo. Penelitian dengan metode survei ini dilakukan dari bulan Juni sampai Agustus 2013. Data dikumpulkan secara potong lintang dengan menggunakan angket. Variabel terikat adalah kepatuhan membaca label pada kemasan makanan yang terdiri dari label informasi nilai gizi, komposisi makanan, masa kedaluwarsa, harga, dan status halal. Variabel bebas adalah usia, tingkat pendidikan, dan keterpaparan dengan media informasi. Besar sampel 262 orang ditentukan secara accidental technique. Analisis data menggunakan uji kai kuadrat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden patuh membaca label kedaluwarsa, label harga, dan label halal. Faktor usia berhubungan dengan kepatuhan membaca label informasi nilai gizi, label kedaluwarsa dan label harga. Tingkat pendidikan berhubungan dengan kepatuhan membaca label informasi nilai gizi, label komposisi, label harga, dan lebel halal. Keterpaparan dengan media informasi berhubungan dengan kepatuhan membaca label komposisi, kedaluwarsa, harga, dan halal. Disarankan kepada institusi terkait, yaitu dinas kesehatan untuk melakukan upaya meningkatkan pemahaman pentingnya membaca label kemasan makanan, terutama yang berkaitan dengan informasi nilai gizi dan komposisi bahan makanan. In Indonesia, food packaging labels’ problem received less attention from consumers. This study aimed to determine the housewives’ compliance in reading food packaging labels and its determinants in Gorontalo City. This studied was conducted from July to August 2013. The study was a cross sectional survey, using enquetten in data collection. The dependent variable was compliance in reading labels on food packaging consisting of labels information about nutritional value, food composition, expiration date, price and halal status, while the independent variables were age, education level and exposure to information media. This study involved 262 respondents selected through accidental sampling technique. Data analyisis used chi square test. This study showed that most respondents dutifully read the labels on expiration date, price tag, and halal status. Age was found associated with compliance in reading labels on information about nutritional value, expiration date and price. Education level was found related to information about nutritional value, food composition, price and halal labels. Exposure to the information media was related to compliance in reading food composition, expiration date, price and halal labels. This study suggested that the authorized institution namely health agency should educate people to understand the importance of reading food packaging labels, especially information about nutritional value and food composition.
The Effect of Structured Counseling towards Knowledge, Attitude, and Participation of Modern Contraceptive among Unmet Need Couples Simanjuntak, Herlina; Lestari, Bony Wiem; Anwar, Anita Debora
Kesmas Vol. 10, No. 4
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Unmet need Keluarga Berencana (KB) masih tinggi di negara berkembang termasuk di Indonesia. Konseling kontrasepsi terstruktur berpotensi meningkatkan penggunaan kontrasepsi secara efektif, menjaga keberlangsungan penggunaan dan meningkatkan kepuasan klien. Selama ini seling kontrasepsi yang dilakukan belum optimal, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh konseling terstruktur terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan, sikap dan partisipasi kontrasepsi modern pada pasangan usia subur (PUS) yang unmet need. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen semu dengan rancangan pretest-posttest dengan kelompok kontrol. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada periode Maret – Juni 2015. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan stratified random sampling pada 48 orang untuk kelompok perlakuan (konseling terstruktur) dan 48 orang untuk kelompok kontrol (konseling standar). Perbedaan peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap pada kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol diuji dengan uji Mann-Whitney U, sedangkan pengaruh konseling terstruktur terhadap partisipasi kontrasepsi modern dianalisis dengan uji regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna pada skor pengetahuan dan sikap setelah dilakukan konseling terstruktur antara kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol dengan nilai p < 0,05. Wanita usia subur (WUS) yang berada pada kelompok perlakuan akan berpeluang ikutserta menggunakan kontrasepsi modern dengan OR= 6,167 (95% CI= 2,427-15,67). Kesimpulan penelitian ini, konseling yang dilakukan secara terstruktur mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan keikutsertaan kontrasepsi modern pada PUS. The number of unmet need for family planning remains high in developing countries, including in Indonesia. Structured contraceptive counseling potentially increases contraceptive use effectively maintain its continuity and enhances client’s satisfaction. Contraceptive counseling had not been properly performed, therefore this study aimed to analyze structured counseling influence toward knowledge improvement, attitude and participation at modern contraceptive among unmet need reproductive-aged couples. This study was conducted on March - June 2015 by using a randomized pretestposttest measurement with control group design. The subjects were recruited through stratified random sampling method. Inclusion subjects were further classified into 48 persons for the intervention group and other 48 persons for the control group. The increase of knowledge and attitude between intervention and control group was then compared by using Mann-Whitney U test, and the effect of structured counseling toward participation of modern contraceptive was analyzed by using multiple logistic regression. Results showed that there was a significant difference of test score for knowledge and attitude between the intervention and the control group (p value < 0.05). Reproductive-aged women are more likely to participate at modern contraceptive with odds ratio = 6.167 (95% CI= 2,427 - 15,67). Inconclusion, structured counseling can increase knowledge, attitude, and participation at modern contraceptive among reproductive-aged couples.

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