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Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal)
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 19077505     EISSN : 24600601     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/kesmas
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Public Health
The focus of Kesmas is on public health as discipline and practices related to preventive and promotive measures to enhance the public health through a scientific approach applying a variety of technique. This focus includes areas and scopes such as Biostatistics, Environmental Public Health, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Health Services Research, Nutrition, Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Public Health, Public Health Education and Promotion, Women Health.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 14 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 9, No. 3" : 14 Documents clear
Determinan Perilaku Tes HIV pada Ibu Hamil Setiyawati, Nanik; Meilani, Niken
Kesmas Vol. 9, No. 3
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dan Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) merupakan salah satu sorotan dalam pencapaian target Millenium Development Goals (MDGs). Ibu hamil dengan HIV akan berisiko menularkan kepada bayinya. Tes HIV merupakan gerbang pembuka status HIV yang sangat penting dilakukan pada ibu hamil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan determinan perilaku tes HIV pada ibu hamil yaitu tingkat pendidikan, tingkat pengetahuan, persepsi kerentanan diri tertular HIV, sikap, Provider-Initiated Testing and Counselling (PITC) dan ketersediaan sumber informasi (keluarga dan kader kesehatan). Jenis penelitian adalah potong lintang dengan metode survei. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Puskesmas Mantrijeron dan Puskesmas Sleman yang telah memiliki sarana pemeriksaan tes HIV dan telah menjalankan program Pencegahan Penularan dari Ibu ke Anak (PPIA). Subjek penelitian adalah ibu hamil yang berkunjung ke puskesmas tersebut pada bulan Agustus sampai dengan Oktober 2014 yang berjumlah 54 orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis yang digunakan univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan tingkat pendidikan, tingkat pengetahuan tentang HIV dan AIDS, persepsi kerentanan diri dan sikap ibu. Ada hubungan antara PITC, ketersediaan sumber informasi tentang HIV dan AIDS dari keluarga dan kader kesehatan dengan perilaku tes HIV pada ibu hamil. PITC merupakan variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap perilaku tes HIV pada ibu hamil. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of highlighted issues in accomplishing Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) target. Pregnant women with HIV will transmit the virus to their babies. HIV testing is such an opening gate of HIV status that is very important to be conducted on pregnant women. This study aimed to determine the determinant of HIV testing behaviour among pregnant women including education level, knowledge level, perception of selfvulnerability to be HIV-infected, attitudes, Provider-Initiated Testing and Counseling (PITC) and availability of information (family and health workers). This study was cross sectional using a survey method. This study was conducted in Mantrijeron and Sleman Primary Health Care that had HIV testing facilities and executed prevention of mother to child transmission program. The subjects of this study were pregnant women visiting such primary health care on August up to October 2014, as much as 54 people. Data collecting used questionnaire. Analysed used were univariate, biviariate, and multivariate. The results showed no relation between educational level, knowledge level about HIV and AIDS, perception of self-vulnerability and attitudes of women.There was a relation between PITC, information source availability about HIV and AIDS from the family and health workers with HIV testing behaviour among pregnant women. PITC is the most influencing variable toward HIV testing behaviour among pregnant women.
Efektivitas Air Perasan Kulit Jeruk Manis sebagai Larvasida Nyamuk Aedes aegypti Nurhaifah, Dita; Sukesi, Tri Wahyuni
Kesmas Vol. 9, No. 3
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Demam berdarah dengue ditularkan nyamuk Aedes aegypti yang dapat dicegah dengan temefos. Penggunaan yang berkelanjutan berdampak pada resistensi nyamuk dan kerusakan lingkungan. Untuk itu perlu larvasida alami dengan menggunakan air perasan kulit jeruk manis. Tujuan penelitian untuk membuktikan efektivitas air perasan kulit jeruk manis dalam membunuh larva uji dilihat dari nilai LC50 dan LT50 serta perbedaan efektivitasnya dengan temefos. Sampel 25 larva Aedes aegypti setiap gelas media dengan kriteria inklusi instar III yang aktif dan kriteria eksklusi larva instar I, II dan yang telah menjadi pupa/mati. Larva uji diamati selama 24 jam dengan tiga kali pengulangan. Desain penelitian adalah eksperimental murni. Tempat penelitian di Laboratorium Entomologi Universitas Ahmad Dahlan pada Juni 2014. Larvasida alami dibuat dengan menghaluskan kulit jeruk manis dan disaring sampai diperoleh sarinya. Konsentrasi yang digunakan adalah 0,05%; 0,2%; 0,4%; 0,6%; 0,8%; 1%; 1,2%; dan 1,4%. Penetapan konsentrasi berdasarkan pada uji pendahuluan, kematian larva tertinggi pada konsentrasi 1% dan terendah pada 0%. Pengolahan data dengan analisis regresi linear dan regresi probit. Air perasan kulit jeruk manis efektif sebagai larvasida nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Nilai LC50 adalah 0,731% dan nilai LT50 adalah 13.211 jam. Kelompok perlakuan yang dibandingkan dengan temfos (kontrol positif) menghasilkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada konsentrasi 0,05% ; 0,2%; 0,4% dan 0,6%. Dengue hemorrhagic fever is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito that can be prevented with temefos. Sustainable use affects on mosquito resistance and environmental damage. Therefore, it needs natural larvasides by using sweet orange peel juice. The study aimed to prove the effectivity of sweet orange peel juice in killing test larvae seen from the LC50 and LT50 value as well as any difference of its effectivity with temefos. Samples were 25 Aedes aegypti larvae in each glass medium active instar III inclusion criterion and instar I, II, and which had become pupa / die exclusion criteria. Tested larvae were observed for 24 hours with three times repetition. The study desaign was true experimental. The place of study was in Entomology Laboratory of Universitas Ahmad Dahlan on June 2014. Natural larvasides was made from sweet orange peel juice. Concentration used was of 0.05%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.2%, and 1.4%. Determination of concentration based on preliminary test where the highest larva mortality 1% and the lowest at 0%. Processing of data was conducted using linear regression analysis and probit regression. Juice of sweet orange peel was effective as the Aedes aegypti mosquito larvicides. LC50 value was 0,731% and LT50 value was 13.211 hours. Group of treatment compared to temfos (control positive) resulted a significant difference in the concentration of 0.05%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6%.
Pengaruh Faktor Personal Berpengaruh Terhadap Perilaku Seksual Pranikah Pada Remaja di Kota Kendari Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara Rosdarni, Rosdarni; Dasuki, Djaswadi; Waluyo, Sumarni Djoko
Kesmas Vol. 9, No. 3
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Perilaku seksual pranikah yang tinggi pada remaja disebabkan oleh faktor personal seperti pengetahuan kesehatan seksual, Infeksi Menular Seksual (IMS) dan HIV / AIDS, sikap terhadap seksualitas, harga diri dan efikasi diri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor personal seperti pengetahuan tentang kesehatan seksual, IMS dan HIV / AIDS, sikap, harga diri dan efikasi diri terhadap perilaku seksual pranikah pada remaja di Kota Kendari yang diukur melalui kuesioner dan wawancara mendalam. Desain penelitian adalah studi potong lintang dengan jumlah sampel 200 remaja yang berasal dari empat sekolah negeri di Kota Kendari mulai dari Agustus sampai dengan Oktober 2014. Analisis regresi logistik menunjukan bahwa remaja yang memiliki pengetahuan yang rendah tentang kesehatan seksual, IMS dan HIV / AIDS berisiko sebesar 4,28 kali, sikap permisif terhadap seksualitas berisiko 5 kali, harga diri rendah berisiko sebesar 3,3 kali dan efikasi diri rendah sebesar 2,5 kali untuk melakukan perilaku seksual pranikah berisiko. Analisis kualitatif menunjukan variabel sikap sebagai faktor yang memberikan risiko terbesar di dalam berperilaku seksual pranikah yang berisiko pada remaja. High premarital sexual behavior among teenagers are caused by personal factors, such as health sexual knowledge, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and HIV / AIDS, attitudes towards sexuality, self-esteem and self-efficacy. This study aimed to find out the influence of personal factor to premarital sexual behavior among teenagers in the Kendari City as assessed through questionnaires and in-depth interviews.The study design was cross-sectional study with a sample of 200 adolescents from four public schools in Kendari City from August to October 2015. Logistic regression analysis showed teenagers having lack of knowledge of sexual health, STIs and HIV / AIDS had 4.28 times risk having permissive attitude toward sexuality had 5 times risk, having low self-esteem had 3.3 times risk and having low self-efficacy had 2.5 times to perform premarital sexual behavior. Qualitative analysis showed that attitude variable was the factor giving the biggest risk in risky premarital sexual behavior among teenagers.
Determinan Stres pada Pegawai Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Besral, Besral; Widiantini, Winne
Kesmas Vol. 9, No. 3
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Kejadian stres pada pelbagai kelompok di Indonesia cukup tinggi dan belum banyak diketahui determinannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan stres pada pegawai Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (Kemenkes RI). Penelitian potong lintang ini dilakukan pada tahun 2013 terhadap 230 pegawai sekretariat jenderal yang dipilih secara acak. Analisis statistik menggunakan regresi logistik ganda. Responden dikatakan stres jika memiliki skor 28 atau lebih dengan menggunakan 17 pertanyaan terkait personal stress inventory. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi stres sebesar 79% dan determinan stres adalah obesitas, usia, jabatan, suku, pendidikan, dan aktivitas fisik. Risiko stres lebih tinggi pada pegawai yang obesitas (ORadj = 1,9), pegawai berusia di bawah 40 tahun (ORadj = 2,1), suku Sunda (ORadj = 3,1), menduduki jabatan struktural (ORadj = 2,3), pegawai yang berpendidikan SMA atau D3 (ORadj = 2,8), dan pegawai perempuan yang kurang aktivitas fisik (ORadj = 8,2). Disimpulkan bahwa determinan stres sangat bergantung pada beban kerja dan karakteristik individu, risiko stres sangat tinggi terdapat pada pegawai perempuan yang kurang aktivitas fisik. Disarankan agar Kemenkes melakukan promosi kesehatan tentang hidup sehat dan pencegahan stres kepada seluruh pegawai, melakukan rekreasi bersama secara berkala, melaksanakan olahraga rutin setiap hari Jumat pagi di pusat kebugaran Kemenkes untuk menurunkan obesitas dan stres. The prevalence of stress on various groups in Indonesia is quite high and has not been known their determinants. This study aimed to find out determinants of stress among civil servants at the Health Ministry of Republic of Indonesia. This cross sectional study was conducted in 2013 toward 230 secretariat general civil servants selected randomly. Analysis of statistic used multiple logistic regression. Respondents were considered stress if they got score 28 or more by using 17 questions personal stress inventory. Results showed that prevalence of stress related to and determinants of stress were obesity, age, position, tribe, education and physical activity was worth 79%. The risk of stress was higher among obese civil servants (ORadj = 1.9), age under 40 years old (ORadj = 2.1), tribe Sundanese (ORadj = 3.1), structural positions (ORadj = 2.0), senior high school or vocation level (ORadj = 2.8), women with lack of physical activity (ORadj = 8.2). To sum up, determinants of stress very depended on work loads and individual characteristics, the highest risk of stress among women who lack of physical activity. The Health Ministry should promote health public concerning healthy lifestyle and prevention of stress to all civil servants, periodically holding recreation together, conducting regular exercise on Friday morning in order to reduce obesity and stress.
Bioindikator Cemaran Timbal pada Rambut Masyarakat sekitar Kilang Minyak Sukar, Sukar; Suharjo, Suharjo
Kesmas Vol. 9, No. 3
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Timbal atau Plumbum (Pb) bersifat toksik, karsinogenik, bioakumulator dan biomagnifikasi. Bioakumulasi Timbal dari media lingkungan dapat terjadi pada kuku, hati, dan rambut. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian bioindikator timbal rambut masyarakat di kawasan industri minyak. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2012 di Kota Dumai, Provinsi Riau. Rancangan penelitian khusus pencemaran lingkungan 2012 adalah type- 1 health study, yang disarankan US Agency for Toxic Substances and Drugs Registry (ATSDR). Analisis statistik bivariat dengan uji kai kuadrat. Populasi penelitian adalah penduduk Kota Dumai yang tinggal di desa Jayamukti, Tanjung Palas, Mekarsari, dan Bukit Timah. Sejumlah 110 ibu rumah tangga diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Kriteria inklusi, responden berusia antara 17 – 55 tahun dan telah tinggal minimal selama lima tahun terakhir. Kriteria ekslusi sedang menderita penyakit kronis. Hasil analisis dari enam parameter media lingkungan menunjukkan ada empat parameter berisiko mencemari, tetapi belum bermakna antara parameter lingkungan dan kejadian timbal rambut dengan nilai p > 0,05. Odds Ratio (OR) terbesar ditunjukkan oleh parameter ikan sebesar 1,5 dan terkecil makanan atau minuman dan tanah 1,13. Proporsi risiko terbesar ditunjukkan oleh parameter ikan sebesar 33,3% dan terkecil parameter makanan atau minuman 10%. Telah terjadi penanggulangan risiko untuk parameter air minum dan air permukaan dengan nilai p < 0,05. Lead or Plumbum (Pb) is toxic, carcinogenic, bioaccumulator and biomagnification. Lead bioaccumulation of environmental media may occur in liver, nails and hair. The study objective was to find out the risk of lead bioindicator occurence in hair of people living in oil industry area. The study was conducted in 2012 in Dumai City, Riau Province. The study design is a type-1 health study, suggested the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Drug Registry (ATSDR). The statistical analysis was bivariate using chi-square test. The population was Dumai City dwellers who lived in the village Jayamukti, Tanjung Palas, Mekarsari and Bukit Timah. A total of 110 housewives were taken by purposive sampling technique. Inclusion, respondents aged between 17 – 55 years old and have lived for five years at minimum. Exclusion criteria was those suffering cronic disease. Analysis results of six parameters of environmental media there were four parameters, had risk of contaminating but not significant between environmental parameters and the lead occurence in hair with p value > 0.05. Tbe biggest odd ratio (OR) was showed by fish parameter worth 1.5 and the smallest was food or beverage and land worth 1.13. The biggest proportion was showed by fish parameter of 33.3 % and the smallest food or beverage 10 %.There has been a reduction of risk for the parameters of drinking water and surface water with p value < 0.05.
Mekanisme Hubungan Sosial Ekonomi, Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Kesehatan dan Kehamilan Risiko Tinggi terhadap Prevalensi Panjang Badan Lahir Pendek Simbolon, Demsa; Astuti, Wahyu Dwi; Andriani, Lusi
Kesmas Vol. 9, No. 3
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Prevalensi panjang badan lahir pendek di Indonesia masih tinggi dan menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang disebabkan oleh pelbagai faktor secara langsung dan tidak langsung serta berdampak luas dan berkelanjutan dalam siklus kehidupan. Penelitian menggunakan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2013 dengan pendekatan potong lintang bertujuan mengetahui mekanisme hubungan berbagai variabel laten terhadap prevalensi panjang badan lahir pendek. Sampel adalah 497 kabupaten yang diagregat dari data individu, yaitu anak lahir dari ibu berusia 15 hingga 49 tahun dengan kriteria anak kandung dan lahir tunggal. Pemodelan menggunakan Structural Equation Modelling. Kehamilan berisiko tinggi berhubungan positif langsung dengan prevalensi panjang badan lahir pendek (r = 0,279; nilai p = 0,014). Pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan berhubungan positif tidak langsung dengan prevalensi panjang badan lahir pendek melalui kehamilan berisiko tinggi (r = 0,135; nilai p = 0,029). Sosial ekonomi tidak berhubungan signifikan dengan prevalensi panjang badan lahir pendek (r = -0,087; nilai p = 0,156), namun akan berhubungan bila melalui mekanisme hubungan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan (r = 0,653; nilai p = 0,0001) dan kehamilan berisiko tinggi (r = 0,759; nilai p = 0,0001). Upaya intervensi perlu difokuskan pada pencegahan kehamilan berisiko tinggi melalui perbaikan status gizi dan kesehatan ibu sejak usia remaja untuk menurunkan prevalensi panjang badan lahir pendek. The prevalence of short birth length in Indonesia still high and it becomes a public health problem caused by any direct and indirect factors as well as having a wide and sustainable effect in life cycle. The study used Basic health system (Riskesdas) 2013 data with a cross-sectional approach aiming to find out the mechanism of the relation between any latent variables to the short birth length prevalence. Samples were 497 districts aggregated from individual data that were children children born by 15 - 49 year-old mothers with biological children and single birth criteria. The modelling used Structural Equation Modeling. High-risk pregnancy had a direct positive relation with the prevalence of short birth length (r = 0.279; p value= 0.014). The use of health services had an indirect positive relation with short birth length prevalence through high-risk pregnancy (r = 0.135; p value= 0.029). Social economy did not have any significant relation with the prevalence of short birth length (r = -0.087; p value = 0.156), but would be related if through the mechanism of health service use (r = 0.653 ; p value = 0.0001) and high-risk pregnancy (r = 0.759 ; p value = 0.0001). Efforts of intervention need to be focused on prevention of high-risk pregnancy through improvement of nutritional and health status of mothers since teenager in order to reduce short birth length prevalence.
Risiko Ergonomi Ketidaksesuaian Desain dan Ukuran Tempat Duduk Sepeda Motor terhadap Antropometri pada Mahasiswa Djunaidi, Zulkifli; Arnur, Rahmadani
Kesmas Vol. 9, No. 3
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Transportasi merupakan hal yang sangat dibutuhkan dalam menunjang pembangunan nasional. Belum baiknya sistem transportasi massal di Indonesia, membuat masyarakat lebih memilih menggunakan kendaraan pribadi, seperti sepeda motor yang praktis dan ekonomis untuk digunakan. Namun, dalam menggunakan sepeda motor, aspek ergonomi dan kenyamanan bagi pengendara perlu untuk diperhatikan. Desain dan ukuran tempat duduk sepeda motor yang tidak sesuai dengan antropometri duduk statis pengendara dapat menimbulkan kelelahan pada pengendara dan mengakibatkan terjadinya kecelakaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui risiko ergonomi dari ketidaksesuaian antara desain dan ukuran tempat duduk sepeda motor dengan antropometri duduk statis. Untuk menganalisis risiko ergonomi, dilakukan penelitian dengan desain deskriptif analitik pada mahasiswa di sekitar lingkungan kampus Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia pada bulan Oktober sampai dengan Desember 2009. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 orang responden, dibagi menjadi 50 orang laki-laki dan 50 orang perempuan. Sampel responden dipilih dengan metode cluster random sampling, sedangkan tipe sepeda motor dipilih berdasarkan yang paling banyak digunakan dengan metode simple stratified random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat ketidaksesuaian antara ukuran tempat duduk sepeda motor dengan antropometri duduk statis pada mahasiswa. Adanya ketidaksesuaian tersebut dapat mengakibatkan risiko ergonomi pada pengendara dan terjadinya kecelakaan lalu lintas. Transportation is something needed most to support national development. Bad mass transportation system in Indonesia, makes people prefer to use private vehicles, such as motorcycle which is practical and economical to use. However, riders need to consider ergonomic and comfortability aspects in using motorcycle. The design and size of motorcycle seat in compatible with the rider’s static seat anthropometry may cause fatigue among riders and lead to accidents. The study aimed to find out ergonomic risks of incompatibility between the design and size of the motorcycle seat with static sitting anthropometry. To analyze the ergonomic risks, this study was conducted using analitical descriptive design among college students at Public Health Faculty Universitas Indonesia on October to December 2009. The total sample was 100 respondents, divided into 50 men and 50 women. The sample of respondents was selected using random cluster sampling method, meanwhile the type of motorcycle was selected based on the most widely used with simple stratified random sampling method. The results showed any incompatibility between the size of motorcycle seat with static sitting anthropometry among collage students. Such incompatibility may cause ergonomic risks among rider and lead to traffic accidents.
Model Pengendalian Faktor Risiko Stunting pada Anak Bawah Tiga Tahun Kusumawati, Erna; Rahardjo, Setiyowati; Sari, Hesti Permata
Kesmas Vol. 9, No. 3
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Stunting merupakan masalah gizi, terbukti data pemantauan status gizi Kabupaten Banyumas 2012 prevalensi stunting sebesar 28,37% dan prevalensi tertinggi (41,6%) di Puskesmas Kedungbanteng. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis faktor risiko terkait faktor anak, ibu, lingkungan terhadap stunting bawah tiga tahun (batita) agar dapat dikembangkan model pengendaliannya. Penelitian menggunakan desain kasus kontrol, populasi adalah seluruh anak usia 6 sampai 36 bulan di Puskesmas Kedungbanteng Kabupaten Banyumas selama enam bulan tahun 2013. Sampel kasus adalah 50 batita stunting, sampel kontrol adalah 50 batita status normal. Teknik pengambilan sampel kasus diambil dari tujuh desa yang terbanyak stuntingnya, sedangkan kontrol adalah batita normal tetangga terdekat kasus dengan usia yang disamakan. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara dan pengukuran. Analisis data univariat, bivariat (uji kai kuadrat), dan multivariat (uji regresi logistik ganda). Hasil penelitian menemukan karakteristik batita stunting terkena penyakit infeksi (82%), riwayat panjang badan lahir < 48 centimeter (66%), riwayat pemberian ASI dan makanan pendamping ASI kurang baik (66%), riwayat berat badan lahir rendah (8%). Pada penelitian ini, faktor risiko stunting adalah penyakit infeksi, pelayanan kesehatan, immunisasi, pengetahuan ibu, pendapatan keluarga, ketersediaan pangan keluarga, dan sanitasi lingkungan. Faktor yang paling dominan adalah penyakit infeksi. Model pengendalian stunting melalui peningkatan pemberdayaan keluarga terkait pencegahan penyakit infeksi, memanfaatkan pekarangan sebagai sumber gizi keluarga dan perbaikan sanitasi lingkungan. Stunting is a nutritional problem, proved by the evidence of nutritional status monitoring at Banyumas District in 2012, the prevalence of stunting was 28.37% and the highest prevalence 41.6% at Kedungbanteng Primary Health Care. This study aimed to analyze risk factors related to child, maternal, and environmental factors toward stunting among children under three year old in 2013 in order to develop the control model. This study used case control design, the population was all children aged of six to 36 months at Kedungbanteng Primary Health Care, Banyumas District. Sample was 50 stunting children, while the control sample was 50 normal children. Sampling technique was taken from seven villages with the highest stunting number, meanwhile the control was normal children living closest to the case with similar age. Data was collected through interview and measurement. Data analysis was conducted in univariate, bivariate (chi-square test), and multivariate analyze (multiple logistic regression test). The results found that characteristics of stunting children under three years old were often suffering infectious diseases (66%), having body length record < 48 centimeter (66%), bad records of breastfeeding and comlementary feeding (66%), and record of low birth weight (8%).Stunting risk factors in this study were infectious disease, health services, immunization, maternal knowledge, family income, family food availability, and environmental sanitation. The most dominating factor was infectious disease. The stunting control model through enhancement of family empowerment related to infectious disease prevention, utilization yard as a family nutrition source and environmental sanitation repair.
Lama Merokok dan Jumlah Konsumsi Rokok terhadap Trombosit pada Laki-laki Perokok Aktif Sundari, Rini; Widjaya, Dinyar Supiadi; Nugraha, Aditya
Kesmas Vol. 9, No. 3
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Jumlah perokok dan jumlah rokok yang dikonsumsi mengalami peningkatan dari waktu ke waktu. Rokok dapat memengaruhi trombosit yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan kardiovaskular. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis lama merokok dan jumlah rokok yang dikonsumsi terhadap jumlah trombosit, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), platelet crit (PCT), dan platelet large cell ratio (PLCR). Penelitian dilakukan di Pabrik Garmen Cimahi pada tahun 2014 yang diikuti oleh 31 laki-laki perokok aktif berusia 19 - 50 (32,97 + 10,28) tahun, 70,9% di antaranya sebagai perokok sedang. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif, uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk, dan uji korelasi Spearman’s rho. Peserta telah merokok selama minimal dan maksimal dengan rata-rata (+ SB), yaitu 3 - 25 tahun (10,48 + 6,33) dan konsumsi rokok sebanyak 5 - 25 batang per hari (13,10 + 4,99). Jumlah trombosit 171 - 422 (280,9 + 56,2) x 10^3 sel/mm3, MPV 8,8 - 13,6 (10,14 + 0,93) fL, PDW 8,7 - 13,8 (10,27 + 1,22) fL, PLCR 14,4 - 38,8% (24,91 + 5,46), dan PCT 0,1 - 0,4%(0,28 + 0,06). Sebaran ukuran trombosit ditemukan normal, namun dengan ukuran besar sesuai nilai MPV dan PLCR yang tinggi. PCT normal berkorelasi sangat kuat dengan jumlah trombosit. Jumlah batang rokok yang dikonsumsi berkorelasi lemah dengan lamanya merokok. Lama merokok dan jumlah rokok yang dikonsumsi berkorelasi negatif dengan jumlah trombosit, MPV, PDW maupun PLCR. Number of smokers and cigarette consumption are increasing from time to time. Cigarettes influence thrombocytes which may cause cardiovascular disorder. This study was a cross sectional study aiming to analyze smoking period and cigarette consumption number toward the number of thrombocytes, MPV, PDW, PCT and PLCR. This study was conducted at Cimahi Garment Factory in 2014 participated by 31 active male smokers in age of 19 - 50 (32,97+10,28) years old in which 70,9% of them were medium smokers. Data analysis was conducted descriptively, using Shapiro-Wilk normality test and Spearman’s rho correlation test. Participants had been smoking for the minimum and maximum 3 - 25 (10.48 + 6.33) years and 5 - 25 (13.10 + 4.99) cigarettes in average per day. The number of thrombocytes was worth 171 - 422 (280,9 + 56,2)x10^3 cells/mm3, MPV 8.8 - 13.6 (10.14 + 0.93) fL, PDW 8.7 - 13.8 (10.27+ 1.22) fL, PLCR 14.4 - 38.8% (24.91 + 5.46) and PCT 0.1 - 0.4% (0.28 + 0.06). PDW was found normal with the giant shape in accordance with the high MPV and PLCR value. PCT was normal correlated strongly with thrombocyte number. The cigarette consumption number had a weak correlation with the smoking period. The smoking period and the cigarette consumption number had a negative correlation with the number of thrombocytes, MPV, PDW and PLCR.
Kejadian Anemia pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar Sirajuddin, Saifuddin; Masni, Masni
Kesmas Vol. 9, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Anemia gizi besi masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat dengan prevalensi pada anak 5 - 12 tahun sebesar 29% di Indonesia dan di Kota Makassar sebesar 37,6%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor determinan (status kecacingan, status seng, kebiasaan sarapan pagi, pola konsumsi makanan sumber heme dan nonheme, pola konsumsi sumber makanan pelancar dan penghambat zat besi) terhadap kejadian anemia. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang yang dilaksanakan pada bulan April – Juni 2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang yang dilaksanakan pada siswa kelas 3 - 5 SD Negeri Cambaya Kecamatan Ujung Tanah Kota Makassar. Sampel sebanyak 120 siswa yang dipilih secara acak sederhana. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dengan uji kai kuadrat dan multivariat dengan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor determinan kejadian anemia adalah status kecacingan (nilai p = 0,007), kebiasaan sarapan pagi (nilai p = 0,002), pola konsumsi makanan sumber heme (nilai p = 0,004), dan pola konsumsi sumber makanan penghambat zat besi (nilai p = 0,016). Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa pola konsumsi makanan sumber heme (OR = 5,09 dan 95% CI = 1,98 – 13,08) dan pola konsumsi sumber makanan penghambat zat besi (OR = 4,53 dan 95% CI = 1,65 – 12,43) adalah determinan utama kejadian anemia gizi. Iron deficiacy anemia has been a public health problem with prevalence on 5 - 12 year old children worth 29% in Indonesia and 37.6% in Makassar. This study aimed to determine the determinant factors (worm status, zinc status, breakfast habit, consumption pattern of heme and nonheme source of food, consumption pattern of iron enhancer and inhibitor food) toward anemia incidence. The study used cross sectional design conducted in April - June 2014. The population was third to fifth grade students of Cambaya State Elementary School at Ujung Tanah District , Makassar City. Sample of 120 students were selected randomly. Data was analyzed using univariate, bivariate with chi-square test, and multivariate with logistic regression test. The results showed that the determinant factors of anemia incidence were wormy status (p value = 0.007), breakfast habits (p value = 0.002), consumption pattern of heme and non-heme source of food (p value = 0.004), and consumption pattern of iron enhancer and inhibitor (p value = 0.016). Multivariate analysis result showed that consumption pattern of heme (OR = 5.09 and 95% CI = 1.98 - 13.08) and consumption pattern of iron enhancer and inhibitor food (OR = 4.53 and 95% CI = 1. 65 - 12.43) was a major determinant of nutritional anemia.

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