AGRONES: JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE, AGRIBUSINESS WELFARE, TECHNOLOGI, HUMANITY, ENVIRONMENT, SOCIAL AND ECONOMY
FOKUS AND SCOPE AGRONES: Journal of Agriculture, Agribusiness, Welfare, Technology, Humanity, Environment, Social, and Economy is a multidisciplinary scientific journal that publishes high-quality research and studies across the interconnected fields of agriculture, agribusiness, community welfare, technology, human development, environmental sustainability, social sciences, and economic growth. This journal aims to serve as a platform for disseminating innovative research findings, critical analyses, and practical applications that contribute to building a sustainable, inclusive, and technology-driven agricultural and rural development sector. The scope of AGRONES includes, but is not limited to, the following areas: Agriculture and Agricultural Technology Precision agriculture, smart farming, and digital agriculture Mechanization and automation in farming systems Biotechnology and genetic innovation in crop production Post-harvest technology and agricultural product processing Innovations in sustainable farming practices Agribusiness, Economics, and Welfare Agribusiness management, entrepreneurship, and rural enterprise development Supply chain and value chain analysis in agricultural systems Agricultural policies, rural development, and community empowerment Marketing strategies, consumer behavior, and trade in agricultural products Socio-economic strategies for improving farmer welfare Humanity, Social, and Environmental Issues in Agriculture Climate change and its socio-economic impacts on agriculture Agroecology, environmental conservation, and biodiversity protection Soil and water management for sustainable production Waste reduction, recycling, and circular economy in agriculture Renewable energy applications in agricultural and rural communities Livelihoods, Social Development, and Inclusive Growth Community-based agricultural development Education and capacity building for farmers and rural youth Human welfare and equality in agricultural systems Social innovation and participatory development approaches AGRONES accepts original research articles, literature reviews, case studies, and technical reports that make significant contributions to the advancement of knowledge in these fields. All submitted manuscripts undergo a rigorous double-blind peer-review process to ensure their scientific quality, originality, and relevance. The journal adopts an open-access policy to enable global accessibility and the wide dissemination of research for sustainable agricultural and rural transformation.
Articles
28 Documents
<![CDATA[Edible Film Application from Red Ginger Starch as Seblak Seasoning Packaging ]]>
<![CDATA[Melati Savira Habsari]]>;
<![CDATA[Yelmira Zalfiatri]]>;
<![CDATA[Dewi Fortuna Ayu]]>;
<![CDATA[Annisa Nazifa Salman]]>;
<![CDATA[Cecep Ijang Wahyudin]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Agriculture, Agribusiness, Welfare, Technology, Humanity, Environment, Social, and Economy Vol. 1 No. 4 (2026): Januari 2026 Edition ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Unsultra ]]>
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DOI: 10.64690/agrones.v1i4.628
<![CDATA[Edible film was a thin layer made from agricultural-based raw materials that was applied as a coating on food components and was directly consumable. Red ginger as a herbal plant contained polysaccharides that had the potential to serve as a starch source. This study aimed to obtain the best edible film formulation with the addition of red ginger starch, which was applied as packaging for seblak seasoning. The research was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of five treatments and three replications. The treatments included P1 with 0.5 g of red ginger starch, P2 with 1.0 g, P3 with 1.5 g, P4 with 2.0 g, and P5 with 2.5 g. The observed parameters were water vapor transmission rate, thickness, solubility, dissolution time in seblak seasoning, and moisture content of the edible film applied to the seasoning. Based on the results, the selected treatment was P1 (0.5 g red ginger starch), which produced a water vapor transmission rate of 4.58 g/m²•hour, a thickness of 0.18 mm, a solubility of 91.08%, a dissolution time of 1 minute 3 seconds in seblak seasoning, and a moisture index of 0.0711 g on the sixth day.]]>
<![CDATA[Optimization of Intercropping Corn in Immature Oil Palm Plantations (Non-Yielding Stage) ]]>
<![CDATA[Cecep Ijang Wahyudin]]>;
<![CDATA[Rannando, Rannando]]>;
<![CDATA[Fachri Ibrahim Nasution]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Agriculture, Agribusiness, Welfare, Technology, Humanity, Environment, Social, and Economy Vol. 1 No. 4 (2026): Januari 2026 Edition ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Unsultra ]]>
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DOI: 10.64690/agrones.v1i4.657
<![CDATA[The optimization of land use in immature oil palm plantations (non-yielding stage) is crucial to enhancing productivity and supporting sustainable agriculture. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of corn intercropping systems on vegetative growth, yield, and land-use efficiency in immature oil palm plantations. An experimental method with a Randomized Block Design was employed, consisting of two treatments: corn monoculture (control) and corn intercropped in the inter-row spaces of immature oil palms, each replicated three times. Observed parameters included plant height, number of leaves, cob weight, grain yield, and Land Equivalent Ratio (LER). The results demonstrated that intercropped corn exhibited higher vegetative growth, including increased plant height and leaf number, due to optimal utilization of growing space and improved microclimatic conditions, such as stable soil moisture and light shading. Generative growth also improved, as evidenced by higher cob weight and grain yield, which reached 7.6 t/ha compared to 6.9 t/ha in monoculture. The LER value of 1.10 indicated a 10% higher land-use efficiency in intercropping systems. Positive interactions among crops minimized competition for nutrients and water, enhanced weed control, and maintained stable microclimatic conditions, contributing to sustainable plantation management. Economically, intercropping provided additional income for farmers during the immature phase of oil palms without compromising the main crop. In conclusion, corn intercropping in immature oil palm plantations optimizes space, improves both vegetative and generative growth, enhances yield per unit area, increases LER, and offers ecological and economic benefits, making it a viable and sustainable strategy for maximizing productivity and supporting diversified agricultural systems.]]>
<![CDATA[Analysis Of Insect Fauna Biodiversity On Reclamation Land From Former Nickel Mining In Konawe Regency ]]>
<![CDATA[Awaluddin, Awaluddin]]>;
<![CDATA[Ibnu Fajar]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Botek]]>;
<![CDATA[Waode Siti Anima Hisein]]>;
<![CDATA[Nuriadi, Nuriadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Siska Efendi]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Agriculture, Agribusiness, Welfare, Technology, Humanity, Environment, Social, and Economy Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): April - June 2026 Edition ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Unsultra ]]>
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DOI: 10.64690/agrones.v2i1.693
<![CDATA[Nickel mining activities have been identified as a factor in insect biodiversity degradation. This study aimed to evaluate insect community parameters, including species, diversity, abundance, and evenness, by comparing post-mining and natural land in Amonggedo District, Konawe Regency. Sampling was conducted using sweep net, pitfall trap, and light trap methods. The findings showed a significant decrease in species richness in the post-mining land (4 orders, 6 families, 11 individuals) compared to the control land (6 orders, 11 families, 104 individuals). Although both locations had a moderate diversity index (H’) (1.55 vs. 1.72), the post-mining land recorded a higher evenness index (E) (0.86), indicating a more balanced distribution between families but with a much lower population. Dominance shifted from Ectobiidae in the natural land to Crambidae and Scoliidae in the post-mining area, confirming a transformation in community structure due to the impact of nickel mining.]]>
<![CDATA[Analysis of Body Weight of Kacang Goats in the Soropia Subdistrict, Konawe Regency ]]>
<![CDATA[Lois Jasriani R.B]]>;
<![CDATA[Farra Sasmita]]>;
<![CDATA[Awal Maulid Sari]]>;
<![CDATA[Inal Inal]]>;
<![CDATA[Hajar Hajar]]>;
<![CDATA[Natsir Sandiah]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Agriculture, Agribusiness, Welfare, Technology, Humanity, Environment, Social, and Economy Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): April - June 2026 Edition ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Unsultra ]]>
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DOI: 10.64690/agrones.v2i1.707
<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze the body weight characteristics of Kacang goats based on sex and to determine the level of body weight variation in Kacang goats in Soropia Subdistrict, Konawe Regency. The study was conducted from September to October 2025 using a quantitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method. The study sample consisted of 74 male and female Kacang goats ranging in age from 6 months to over 24 months. Data collection was performed through direct body weight measurements using a digital scale with a precision of 0.1 kg. Data analysis was performed descriptively to obtain the mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation, while differences in body weight between male and female goats were analyzed using a t-test with the assistance of SPSS version 20. The results of the study showed that the average body weight of male Kacang goats was 16.41 ± 1.31 kg with a coefficient of variation of 7.97%, while female Kacang goats had an average body weight of 15.89 ± 1.19 kg with a coefficient of variation of 7.46%. Statistical test results indicate a significant difference (P<0.05) between the body weights of male and female Kacang goats. Male goats tend to have higher body weights compared to female goats due to physiological and hormonal factors, particularly testosterone, which supports muscle and body growth. The low coefficient of variation indicates that the Kacang goat population exhibits a fairly high level of growth uniformity. This study concludes that sex has a significant effect on the body weight of Kacang goats in Soropia Subdistrict and that the livestock population exhibits relatively homogeneous growth characteristics.]]>
<![CDATA[The Effect of Corn Flour Substitution on Moisture Content and Organoleptic Properties in Cookies (Zea Mays L) ]]>
<![CDATA[Titik Harianti]]>;
<![CDATA[Ruksanan Ruksanan]]>;
<![CDATA[Hastian Hastian]]>;
<![CDATA[La Oge]]>;
<![CDATA[Rustan Ari]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Agriculture, Agribusiness, Welfare, Technology, Humanity, Environment, Social, and Economy Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): April - June 2026 Edition ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Unsultra ]]>
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DOI: 10.64690/agrones.v2i1.708
<![CDATA[This study aimed to determine the effect of corn flour (Zea mays L.) substitution on the moisture content and organoleptic characteristics of cookies, including color, aroma, texture, and taste. The study employed an experimental method with a quantitative approach using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of four treatments: A0 (0%), A01 (15%), A02 (25%), and A03 (35%), each with three replicates, resulting in 12 experimental units. The cookie production process involved substituting corn flour for wheat flour; moisture content was then analyzed using the oven method, and organoleptic testing was conducted with 15 panelists using a 1–5 hedonic scale. The results indicated that corn flour substitution influenced the moisture content and organoleptic characteristics of the cookies. The highest moisture content was obtained in treatment A0 at 4.56%, while the lowest moisture content was found in treatment A01 at 2.46%. The organoleptic test results showed that treatment A02 received the highest score for color at 3.80, while the highest scores for aroma, texture, and taste were obtained in treatment A0 at 4.00, 3.93, and 4.00, respectively. In general, increasing corn flour substitution caused the color to change to a more yellowish-brown and made the cookies more brittle due to the absence of gluten in corn flour. Based on all test parameters, treatment A02 with 25% corn flour substitution showed the most balanced results and was still acceptable to the panelists. This study indicates that corn flour has the potential to be used as a wheat flour substitute in the development of cookies based on local food ingredients.]]>
<![CDATA[Potential Land Extensification And Expansion In Private Oil Palm Plantations In Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Cecep Ijang Wahyudin]]>;
<![CDATA[Rangga Rahmananda]]>;
<![CDATA[Fachri Ibrahim Nasution]]>;
<![CDATA[Ronal Castro]]>;
<![CDATA[Rahayu Dwi Ningtyas]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Agriculture, Agribusiness, Welfare, Technology, Humanity, Environment, Social, and Economy Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): April - June 2026 Edition ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Unsultra ]]>
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DOI: 10.64690/agrones.v2i1.733
<![CDATA[The expansion of private oil palm plantations in Indonesia remains a critical issue due to the country’s position as the world’s largest crude palm oil (CPO) producer, with production reaching 48.23 million tonnes in 2023. This study aims to analyze the potential, constraints, and strategic opportunities for plantation extensification, particularly through the utilization of marginal lands (S2 and S3) and corporate expansion strategies such as mergers, acquisitions, and partnership schemes. A systematic literature review was conducted by synthesizing peer-reviewed journals, government statistics, and institutional reports selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria to capture current dynamics of oil palm development in Indonesia. The findings indicate that the availability of highly suitable agricultural land (S1) is increasingly limited, encouraging companies to explore alternative strategies such as the optimization of degraded and idle lands, strengthening smallholder partnership schemes (plasma), and implementing replanting programs such as Peremajaan Sawit Rakyat (PSR). However, these opportunities are constrained by stricter environmental governance, land-use regulations, and increasing global sustainability requirements. The review further shows that S2 and S3 lands present significant biophysical limitations, including high soil acidity, poor drainage, and aluminium toxicity, which increase production costs and require advanced agronomic management. Socio-economic challenges such as land conflicts and unequal benefit distribution also continue to affect plantation expansion outcomes. This study concludes that Indonesia’s palm oil development is gradually shifting from land extensification toward productivity intensification. This transition highlights the need for stronger sustainability governance through ISPO and RSPO certification systems, improved environmental management practices, and more inclusive stakeholder engagement to ensure that plantation development remains economically viable, environmentally responsible, and socially equitable.]]>
<![CDATA[Production Performance Of Commercial Laying Hens At The Tiga Putri Business Group In Bambaea Village, East Poleang District, Bombana Regency ]]>
<![CDATA[Nur Afni]]>;
<![CDATA[Hajar Hajar]]>;
<![CDATA[Inal Inal]]>;
<![CDATA[Awal Maulid Sari]]>;
<![CDATA[Wa Ode Umrawati Latif]]>;
<![CDATA[Farra Sasmita]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Agriculture, Agribusiness, Welfare, Technology, Humanity, Environment, Social, and Economy Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): April - June 2026 Edition ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Unsultra ]]>
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DOI: 10.64690/agrones.v2i1.734
<![CDATA[This study aimed to evaluate the production performance of commercial laying hens at Kelompok Usaha Tiga Putri using key indicators, including feed consumption, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Hen Day Production (HDP), egg weight, and mortality rate. A quantitative descriptive case study design was employed. Data were collected through direct observation, interviews, and production recording over a 30-day period involving 60 laying hens. The results indicate that feed consumption was relatively stable, with a total intake of 208,630 g and minimal feed residue, reflecting efficient feeding management. The average FCR value was 2.2, indicating good feed utilization efficiency. The average HDP reached 88%, categorized as high and within commercial production standards. Egg weight remained consistent at 59–60 g/egg, classified as medium to large size. The mortality rate was low at 2%, indicating favorable flock health conditions. Overall, the production system demonstrated good management efficiency in supporting laying hen productivity. However, improvement is still required in feed formulation, ration quality optimization, and housing environmental control to further enhance production efficiency and sustainability. The findings provide practical insights for improving laying hen management in small to medium-scale commercial poultry farms.]]>
<![CDATA[The Effect of the Biomass Weight Ratio of Patchouli Leaves and Sawdust on the Chemical Properties of Patchouli Briquettes ]]>
<![CDATA[Amal Muliono]]>;
<![CDATA[La Oge]]>;
<![CDATA[Erni Danggi]]>;
<![CDATA[Rustan Ari]]>;
<![CDATA[Hastian Hastian]]>;
<![CDATA[Wa Ode Nur Siti Fatimah]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Agriculture, Agribusiness, Welfare, Technology, Humanity, Environment, Social, and Economy Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): April - June 2026 Edition ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Unsultra ]]>
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DOI: 10.64690/agrones.v2i1.735
<![CDATA[The increasing depletion of fossil fuel reserves and rising global energy demand have accelerated the development of renewable energy sources, particularly biomass-based fuels. This study aimed to analyze the effect of biomass weight ratios of patchouli leaf waste and sawdust on the chemical properties and combustion rate of charcoal briquettes, and to determine the optimum composition for producing high-quality briquettes. The research was conducted in Wakumoro Village, Parigi District, Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, from October to November 2025. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was applied with five treatment levels and three replications. The treatments consisted of different ratios of patchouli leaves and sawdust: P1 (100% patchouli leaves), P2 (75% + 25%), P3 (50% + 50%), P4 (25% + 75%), and P5 (100% sawdust). The observed parameters included moisture content, ash content, and combustion rate. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 95% confidence level. The results showed that biomass composition significantly affected moisture content, ash content, and combustion rate of briquettes. The best overall performance was obtained in P2, with moisture content of 1.57% and ash content of 7.48%, both meeting the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-6235-2000). The highest combustion rate was observed in P3 at 6.93 g/min. These findings indicate that the combination of patchouli leaf waste and sawdust has strong potential as an environmentally friendly alternative fuel and provides an effective solution for agricultural and wood waste utilization. ]]>
