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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Counter Terrorism and National Security
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : -     EISSN : 2829890X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.15294/counterterrorism
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
The journal focuses on advanced legal and policy analysis related to Counter-Terrorism, National Security Law, and Special Criminal Acts (Extraordinary Crimes).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 20 Documents
 1   2 
Hacker and the Treat for National Security: Challenges in Law Enforcement Rais, Muhammad Amin; Songkarn, Phichit
Indonesian Journal of Counter Terrorism and National Security Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022): January-June, 2022
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijctns.v1i1.30711

Abstract

Globalization has become the driving force behind the birth of the era of information technology development. The development of this technology is very fast and has spread to all corners of the world. The development of information technology is not only felt by developed countries but developing countries also feel the development of information technology, so that information technology gets an important position for the progress of society in this modern era. The need for computer network technology is increasing. Apart from being a medium for providing information, through the internet, commercial community activities are also the largest and growing rapidly and penetrate various national borders. Even through this network market activities in the world can be known for 24 hours. Through the world of the internet or also called cyber space, anything can be done. The positive side of this virtual world of course adds to the trend of world technology development with all forms of human creativity. However, the negative impact cannot be avoided. When pornography is rife on the internet, people can't do much. Along with the development of internet technology, causing the emergence of a crime called cyber crime or crime through the internet network or cyberspace. The emergence of several cases of cyber crime in Indonesia, such as credit card theft, hacking of several sites, tapping other people's data transmissions, such as e-mail and manipulating data by preparing unwanted commands into computer programmers. So that in computer crimes it is possible to have formal offenses and material offenses. Formal offense is the act of someone entering someone else's computer without permission, while material offense is an act that causes harm to other people.
Hoax and Provocative Contents by Muslim Cyber Army (MCA) and Its Enforcement in Indonesia Wahyuni, Nungki; Nguyet, Dinh Mai
Indonesian Journal of Counter Terrorism and National Security Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022): January-June, 2022
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijctns.v1i1.30714

Abstract

The existence of globalization with marked advances in technology and communication does not only have a positive impact on society. It is undeniable that the negative impact always lurks the people who take advantage of these advances. One of the negative impacts that arise is the existence of crimes that occur in cyberspace or cyber crime or commonly known as cybercrime. Recently, Indonesia was faced with one of these forms of cybercrime, namely an organization calling itself the Muslim Cyber Army. The motives of the actions and the impacts left by the existence of the Muslim Cyber Army can be identified and studied further by looking at the laws and regulations in Indonesia and their relationship with one of the fields of legal study, namely Law and Technology.
Hoax and Fake News by Saracen Syndicate and the Problems for National Cyber Security Wibowo, Andre Tri
Indonesian Journal of Counter Terrorism and National Security Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022): January-June, 2022
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijctns.v1i1.30715

Abstract

Along with the times, information technology has taken an important role in society. Information technology not only has a positive impact but also has a negative impact, this is what then gives rise to an idiom that we often hear together, that information technology is like a double-edged knife. On the one hand, with the existence of information technology, it encourages demand for products. the technology itself, such as computers, modems, facilities to build internet networks and so on, then facilitates business transactions, especially financial businesses in addition to other businesses. But on the other hand, the use of information technology also invites crime. Cybercrime is a form of virtual crime by utilizing computer media that is connected to the internet and includes everything related to criminal acts.
ASEAN's Role in Countering Global Terrorism Towards Strengthening the Implementation of Regional Security Policy: Peran ASEAN dalam Menangani Terorisme Global Menuju Penguatan Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Keamanan Regional Safira Embun Insanidya; Utami Okta Khamsa; Rohadhatul Aisy
Indonesian Journal of Counter Terrorism and National Security Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): July-Desember, 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijctns.v3i2.30758

Abstract

The threat of global terrorism has grown beyond national borders and become a strategic issue in international security, including in Southeast Asia. ASEAN as a regional forum and organization plays an important role in building collective cooperation among member states to tackle transnational acts of terrorism. This article discusses ASEAN cooperation in countering terrorism through instruments such as ACCT, ASEANAPOL, AMMTC, ASC, ARF to defense forums such as ADMM and ADMM-Plus. Using a normative legal approach and descriptive qualitative method, this research evaluates the effectiveness of regional security policy implementation, and identifies the main obstacles such as differences in national legal systems, the lack of integration of digital legal instruments, and attachment to the principles of non-intervention and consensus (ASEAN Way). The results of the study show that although ASEAN has various security cooperation institutions, actual coordination in cross-border law enforcement is still not optimal. Differences in views on criminal penalties, the absence of digital evidentiary standards, and the absence of regional-scale operational agencies are the main obstacles. However, the decline in terror attacks in Southeast Asia since 2019 reflects that cooperation in prevention and intelligence is starting to show results. To strengthen ASEAN's role in dealing with global terrorism, it is necessary to establish a regional counter-terrorism agency with technical authority, develop the ASEAN Model Criminal Code as a measure of criminal law harmonization, and strengthen institutions to be able to react to threats in a fast, integrated, and binding manner. With these steps, ASEAN can move from being just a dialog forum to becoming a key actor in creating a resilient and sustainable regional security system.
Bali Bombing and the Erosion of the Legality Principle: A Juridical Analysis of the Application of Retroactive Law in Countering Terrorism in Indonesia: Ledakan Bom di Bali dan Erosi Prinsip Legalitas: Analisis Hukum tentang Penerapan Hukum Retroaktif dalam Pemberantasan Terorisme di Indonesia Dheni Anugerah Prasetya; Rohadhatul Aisy
Indonesian Journal of Counter Terrorism and National Security Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): July-Desember, 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijctns.v3i2.31141

Abstract

The Bali Bombing I incident in 2002 became an important turning point in counterterrorism in Indonesia. However, the absence of specific regulations related to terrorism during the incident forced the government to issue Perppu No. 1 Year 2002, which was then applied retroactively. This retroactive application of criminal law raises serious issues in the national legal system, especially against the principle of nullum delictum nulla poena sine praevia lege poenali, which is a fundamental principle in the rule of law. This article aims to analyze the validity of the implementation of the Perppu from a normative juridical perspective, as well as to assess whether the argument that the crime of terrorism is an "extraordinary crime" can be used as a justification for retroactive law. By examining national legislation, the constitution, as well as international human rights law instruments such as the ICCPR, this article finds that the government's action has the potential to violate the principle of legality and open space for unconstitutional legal practices in the future. Therefore, strengthening the principles of the rule of law should be the main foundation in drafting anti-terrorism regulations in Indonesia.
Dynamics of Anti-Terrorism Regulation: A Comparative Study Between Indonesia, Malaysia and the United States: Dinamika Regulasi Anti-Terorisme: Studi Perbandingan Antara Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Amerika Serikat Anang Hendri Prayogo; Saragih, Geofani Milthree; Erdianto Effendi; Andi Hakim Lubis; Yuliana Yuliana
Indonesian Journal of Counter Terrorism and National Security Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): July-December, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijctns.v4i2.25125

Abstract

This paper examines the dynamics of anti-terrorism regulations in Indonesia, Malaysia and the United States by comparing the legal frameworks and law enforcement mechanisms in each country. legal frameworks and law enforcement mechanisms that apply in each country. The purpose of this research is to analyse how each country shapes its anti-terrorism law as a response to national threats, while at the same time maintaining a balance of as a response to national threats, while at the same time maintaining the balance between state security and human rights protection. The main issues discussed include differences in legal approach, scope of state authority in counter-terrorism operations, as well as monitoring mechanism to prevent authority in counter-terrorism operations, as well as monitoring mechanism to prevent abuse of authority. abuse of authority. The method used is juridical method used is normative-comparative juridical by analysing statutory instruments, government policies, and institutional practices in the three countries. The results The results show that Indonesia emphasises procedural guarantees in its anti-terrorism law, Malaysia maintains a preventive detention model rooted in historical security doctrine. rooted in historical security doctrine, while the United States applies a layered a layered approach backed by extensive intelligence powers and judicial oversight. judicial oversight. In conclusion, although all three countries prioritise national security, their approaches reflect different security, their approaches reflect different legal traditions and political contexts. political context. Therefore, a balanced regulatory model should take into account effectiveness, constitutional accountability and protection of fundamental rights.
Beyond Terrorism: An Interdisciplinary Legal Study of The Motivation, Impact, and Solidarity of Lone Wolf Terrorism: Melampaui Terorisme: Studi Hukum Interdisipliner tentang Motif, Dampak, dan Solidaritas Terorisme Lone Wolf Samsul Arifin; Achmad Hariri; L.ya Esty Pratiwi; Agus Supriyo
Indonesian Journal of Counter Terrorism and National Security Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): July-December, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijctns.v4i2.26394

Abstract

Lone wolf terrorism is terrorism committed by individuals without direct affiliation with large terrorist organizations. This phenomenon is increasingly worrying in various countries, including Indonesia. Attacks by self-radicalized individuals have a different pattern from conventional terrorism, as the perpetrators act alone and are difficult to detect by security forces. In Indonesia, the increase in Lone Wolf terrorism cases in recent years is due to the easy access to the internet and social media that spread radicalism. The city of Surabaya came under scrutiny after the terrorist attacks in May 2018, where several acts were linked to large networks such as Jamaah Ansharut Daulah (JAD). The government and local communities, such as the Community of Peace Fighters, have tried to prevent radicalization through deradicalization programs and monitoring of vulnerable individuals. However, the individualistic and disorganized nature of lone wolf terrorism makes it difficult to anticipate. This research aims to identify patterns of radicalization that can give rise to lone terrorists, who are not directly affiliated with terrorist groups. The method used is interdisciplinary legal research with a qualitative approach, which was carried out at the Surabaya Peace Fighters Community, which is under the guidance of the Special Da'wah Institute (LDK) of the Muhammadiyah Regional Leadership (PWM) of East Java. The results of this study show that there are so many external factors that make a person radicalized. One of them is ideological factors, social conditions, structural injustices that encourage them to rebel, and the most powerful is the understanding that radical actions are justified by religious teachings (Islam).
Legislative, Rehabilitative, and Educational Approaches in Counter-Terrorism: A Theoretical and Comparative Review: Pendekatan Legislatif, Rehabilitatif, dan Pendidikan dalam Pemberantasan Terorisme: Tinjauan Teoretis dan Komparatif Harefa, Safaruddin
Indonesian Journal of Counter Terrorism and National Security Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): July-December, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijctns.v4i2.28710

Abstract

This paper examines the integrative potential of legislative, rehabilitative, and educational strategies in Malaysia’s counter-terrorism policy, particularly within the framework of Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism (PCVE). The main problem addressed is the fragmented implementation of these three pillars, which often operate in isolation despite their complementary roles. The objective of this study is to analyze how these strategies interact, and to assess the extent to which Malaysia’s PCVE framework aligns with integrative models applied in other regions, such as South Asia and Latin America. Employing a qualitative literature-based method, the study draws from official policy documents, academic research, and comparative analysis to explore institutional strengths, implementation gaps, and strategic opportunities. The findings show that while Malaysia has developed a comprehensive legal and institutional infrastructure, coordination among state actors and involvement of civil society remain limited. The comparison reveals that inclusive governance and cross-sector collaboration significantly enhance the effectiveness of counter-terrorism efforts. The paper concludes that Malaysia’s PCVE strategy would benefit from a more interconnected approach that emphasizes transparency, participatory frameworks, and education-driven resilience. These insights offer valuable contributions to the refinement of Malaysia’s national security strategy and provide broader implications for sustainable and rights-based counter-terrorism policies globally
Social Media As A Catalyst For Future Terrorist Recruitment: A Bibliometric Analysis of Emerging Trends And Countermeasures: Media Sosial sebagai Katalisator Rekrutmen Teroris di Masa Depan: Analisis Bibliometrik Tren yang Muncul dan Langkah-Langkah Penanggulangan May May Maysarah; Reyhan Fakhreja; Asep Adang Supriyadi
Indonesian Journal of Counter Terrorism and National Security Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): July-December, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijctns.v4i2.30287

Abstract

This study addresses the growing challenge of terrorist recruitment and radicalization via social media by mapping scholarly activity and thematic evolution in this field. Its objective is to identify publication trends and key research themes related to digital extremism from 2015 to 2025. We conducted a bibliometric analysis of 416 Scopus-indexed articles, employing VOSviewer and Bibliometrix to generate co‑occurrence networks and thematic evolution maps. Results reveal a marked increase in research output since 2017 peaking in 2020 amid heightened online engagement during the COVID‑19 pandemic and a geographic concentration of authorship in the United States and the United Kingdom, with limited contributions from regions most affected by terrorism, such as the Middle East and Southeast Asia. Thematic analysis indicates a shift from early studies on propaganda dissemination (2015–2018) to advanced examinations of algorithmic radicalization, AI‑enabled recruitment, encrypted coordination, and emerging threats like deepfake propaganda (2019–2025). We conclude that effective countermeasures require proactive, multidisciplinary strategies, including community‑based interventions targeting socio‑psychological vulnerabilities, cross‑platform regulatory cooperation, and AI‑driven content moderation. This framework underscores the necessity of integrating technological, psychological, and policy perspectives to counter evolving digital radicalization.
Legal Protection for Witnesses and Victims of Crimes of Terrorism Umam, Muhammad Miftahul; Arifin, Ridwan
Indonesian Journal of Counter Terrorism and National Security Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022): July-December, 2022
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijctns.v1i2.41502

Abstract

Terrorism is a form of extraordinary crime that is an enemy to mankind. Terrorism throughout history has been a very frightening specter. This is inseparable from the impact it causes, the loss is not only property, life, physical, psychological, but also creates an atmosphere of terror that grips all levels of society. Therefore, victims and witnesses of acts of terrorism must receive protection in view of these various things. As a state of law, Indonesia has established several laws and regulations governing the protection of victims of terrorism, including Law no. 15 of 2003, as amended by Law no. 5 of 2018 concerning Amendments to Law Number 15 of 2003 concerning Stipulation of Government Regulations in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2002 concerning Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism into Law, Law no. 13 of 2006, as amended by Law no. 31 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 13 of 2006 concerning the Protection of Witnesses and Victims and other regulations. With the existence of a legal footing that regulates, it is hoped that it can provide protection for witnesses and victims of acts of terrorism. In addition, various parties also play a role in the recovery of victims from acts of terrorism, including; police institutions, social services, hospitals, Kesbangpol, PMI, NGOs, LPSK, and so on. However, witnesses and victims of criminal acts of terrorism in obtaining legal protection through the above regulations are not always in line with the existing reality. This is inseparable from the existence of inhibiting factors, both in the aspect of legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture components.

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