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Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas
Published by LEMIGAS
ISSN : 20893361     EISSN : 25410520     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Energy
The Scientific Contributions for Oil and Gas is the official journal of the Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS for the dissemination of information on research activities, technology engineering development and laboratory testing in the oil and gas field. Manuscripts in English are accepted from all in any institutions, college and industry oil and gas throughout the country and overseas.
Arjuna Subject : Energi (semua kategori) - Teknologi Bahan Bakar
Articles 619 Documents
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Oligocene Climate Changes of Java Eko Budi Lelono; Robert J Morley
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 34 No 3 (2011)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.34.3.803

Abstract

The study of palynology performed on the Oligocene marine sediment of the East Java Sea provides excellent recovery which allows the construction of palynological succession which applies regionally (Lelono et. al., 2011). In fact, this succession is characterized by assemblages that suggest climatic changes. These assemblages are divided into two major groups including mangrove and hinterland. The hinterland pollen group shows the most interesting succession, with elements on the one hand suggesting everwet climates (Dacrydium and Casuarina), and seasonal elements on the other (Gramineae, Schoutenia and Malvacipollis diversus). Mangrove pollen however suggests strong environmental control since mangrove pollen shows different abundance variations in the two wells. The age of the studied succession is independently defined using combined marine micro-fossils of foraminifer and nannoplankton which indicate Early to Late Oligocene. Although for most of the Oligocene in Southeast Asia, seasonal climate assemblages are the rule, this study interpretes the appearence of everwet climates. The Early Oligocene is characterized by common rain forest elements, suggesting an everwet rain forest climate at that time. The early part of the Late Oligocene, however, contains much reduced rain forest elements, and the presence of regular Gramineae pollen, suggesting a more seasonal climate, whereas for the latest Late Oligocene, rain forest (and peat swamp) elements return in abundance, suggesting a very wet rain forest climate. In fact, Java region experienced the wettest climate during Oligocene which probably reflected a wet climate fringe to the eastern margin of Sundaland prior to the collision of the Australian and Asian plates at the Oligo-Miocene boundary.
A Review Of Biodiesel Development In Indonesia: Current Status, Future Potential And Its Impact On The Environment Lies Aisyah; Cahyo Setyo Wibowo
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 34 No 3 (2011)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.34.3.804

Abstract

Indonesian government issued National Energy Policy in 2006 that will reduce role of fossil fuels and increase role of renewable energy in 2025 as a target year. Bio-fuels are one of the renewable energy focuses in Indonesia. In 2009, biodiesel production capacity was 1.12 tons per year and expected to rise every year. Target of biodiesel usage increasesgradually from B-10 in 2006-2010, B-15 in 2011-2016 and B-20 in 2016-2025. The policy and its target are set by the government to diversification energy source, to boost economic growth (especially regional development and creation of employment) and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Currently the main feedstock of biodiesel in Indonesia is derived from palm oil. Some concerns arise related to palm oil biodiesel such as competition between food versus energy and environmental issue in particular replacing forest to oil palm plantations and biodiversity loss. Therefore, development of biodiesel feedstock from non-edible crops and can be grown in non-arable land are very important for future biodiesel development in order to eliminate competition with food and prevent deforestation and biodiversity loss.
Environmental Studies and Environmental Laboratory Testing in Accordance to ISO Standards R Desrina
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 34 No 3 (2011)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.34.3.805

Abstract

ISO’s standards have been applied not only by the manufacturing industries but also universities as well as research institutions. Three ISO standards are commonly applied: ISO 9001, ISO 17025, and ISO 14001. Although these three standards have differences in the purpose, criteria, and emphasis, these standards can be applied side-by-side by an organization. Eventhough, many questions arise when the organization undertake more than one ISO. These questions, for examples, are: Is it not enough possessing just one ISO, for example ISO 9000 series only? What is the relation between one ISO to another? What is the relation between ISO and the existing regulations? Following the ISO system there is an internal affair in the institution that maintains and manages the quality system according to ISO, for example ISO 14000, environmental management standards. On the other hand, there is a research group in the institution that performs technical services for environmental laboratory testing and environmental research and studies. What are actually the difference functions between these two activities? This paper tries to conduct study in order to give answers for those particular questions. This paper is neither intended for describing ISO in details nor for tutorial purposes. Either comprehensive training or implementing ISO is conducted by a special authorized agency.
Worksheet Screening Of Co2 Eor Sequestration Potential In Indonesia Usman Pasarai; Utomo Pratama I; Danang Sismartono
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 33 No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.33.1.806

Abstract

CO2 injection into subsurface with the purpose to increase incremental oil production had been popularized in 1970s in US. Nowadays, this type of EOR methods not only offers more oil but also utilizing reservoir as CO2 storage in the context of CO2 emission abatement. The objective of this research is to produce simple and efficient worksheet on EXCEL base in order to asses and screen out quickly the potential of implementation of CO2 EOR sequestration in depleted oil fields in Indonesia.Key elements of this worksheet comprise engineering aspect and economical aspect. A sequence workflow of technical performance of CO2 flooding was done using streamline simulator in which outstanding output from simulator needs robust data preparation and cautious parameter set up. For the case studied here, total incremental oil recovery at the end of the project is 4.52% from original oil in place (IOIP) or about 6.23 MMSTB. “Prophet” was used to simulate CO2 sequestration during CO2 EOR incorporating residual trapping. The amount of CO2 trapped in reservoir was acquired by subtracting the total injected CO2 with CO2 produced. The total capital expenditure for sequestration CO2 EOR studied here is estimated $48.3 MM. It is expected that $16.5 MM will be placed in service by 1st year with the remaining $31.7 MM to be placed in service by 2nd year. Annual average operating cost was estimated to be $5.4 MM. As for fiscal terms, the following assumptions have been incorporated into the economic evaluations: (1) FTP 10%, (2) Investment Credit 17%, (3) Contractor Oil Split 26.6018%, (4) Government Split 73.3982%, and (5) Tax 44%. The economic analyses were carried out based on the project life time 7 years and the sales of incremental oil amount 5.6 MMSTB with an assumption that price for oil was $68 per barrel based on monthly average OPEC Basket Price during April-09 until March-10. Economic results of the development with discount factor 7 percent as indicated has a Contractor DCF Rate of Return 53.3 percent, Contractor Net Present Value $31.3 MM, and revenue to the Government of Indonesia $188.2 MM. With this economic indicator, the project of Sequestration CO2 EOR is economically feasible. The developed worksheet enables to do quick judgment on the viability a CO2 EOR sequestration project hence make it easier to someone who wants to screen out a large number of reservoirs rather than using detailed numerical simulator. It will much more saved time and decrease works intensity.
The Advantage Of Oil Content In Injection Water Determination Before Implementation Of Waterflood In Oilfield Tjuwati Makmur
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 33 No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.33.1.807

Abstract

Before implementation of water flooding in oilfield, it will be good to determine oil content in the injection water. The results of laboratory tests provide valuable and useful information, firstly, whether reverse demulsifier is required or not to reduce oil content in water. Secondly, the test results can select the effective reverse demulsifier. S1 and S2 injection water contain very low oil content, so it is not necessary to add reverse demulsifier in the both injection water. High oil content is obtained in S3 injection. The 50 mg/L DKM reverse demulsifier does not work effectively to reduce oil content in the S3 injection water. Whereas, the 50 mg/L Prolab reverse demulsifier is effective and able to reduce oil content sharply in the S3 injection water with 95.46 % efficiency.
Effect Of Composition Variation With Depth On Volatile Oil Reservoirs Ego Syahrial
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 33 No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.33.1.809

Abstract

It has been known that the distribution of hydrocarbon components in a fluid column is affected of gravity. Many authors have shown the effect of composition variation within a hydrocarbon column due to gravity. In thick reservoirs as the depth increases, the mole fraction of the lighter hydrocarbon decreases, whereas the heavy fraction increases. These variations may affect reservoir fluid properties considerably. In studying reservoir processes, especially with miscible displacements, it is essential to have of underlying mechanisms. In this paper, we investigate the effect of composition variation with depth on volatile oil under depletion and miscible gas processes. A ternary diagram was used to identify the process displacement mechanisms at different locations. A new efficient compositional simulationapproach was used to model the volatile oil reservoir bahaviour. It was shown that the decreasing light component with depth caused different miscible displacement processes as the oil composition move toward limiting tie line in the ternary diagram. Saturation and reservoir pressures variation with depth were not linear in a thick reservoir. This non linearity increased with the increased in volatility of the oil. In the case of depletion, the concentration of light component decreased below its original composition in the produced layers. In vaporising-gas drive the light component gradually vaporized from the bottom to the top of reservoir, whereas the intermediate component decreased below its original composition from the bottom to the top of the reservoir
Palaeoenvironments Of The Permian-Cretaceous Sediments Of The Bintuni Bay, Papua Eko B Lelono; Mufdi Firdaus; Tri Bambang SR
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 33 No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.33.1.810

Abstract

This paper presents a part of the result of Lemigas in-house research entitled Paleogeography and Hydrocarbon Potentiality of the pre-Tertiary Sediment of the Bintuni Basin, Papua, which is financially supported by the Government through a project so called DIPA 2009. In addition, this paper specifically discusses a palaeoenvironment of the Late Permian-Cretaceous sediment of the Bintuni Bay based on biostratigraphy. Data used in this paper is mostly secondary data obtained from National Data Center and an oil company which is therefore, classified as a confidential information. Paleoenvironment appeared in a non-marine setting during Permian-Triassic to form Ainim Formation in which, shale of this formation acts as a primary sourcerock for the studied area. Early Jurassic is characterised by a non-deposition, whilst Middle Jurassic is indicated by the occurrence of non-marine environment to deposit fluvial sandstone of the Lower Kembelangan Formation which is considered to be a main reservoir. Subsequently, environment shifted to the marine setting where deep marine shale occurred to form caprock. Mean while, the Early Cretaceous sediment disappears from the studied area suggesting massive erosion. Finally, depositional environment took place in the marine setting during the Late Cretaceous resulting in the formation of deep marine shale of Jass Formation which may contribute as a caprock in the element of petroleum system
Laboratory Study Of Calcium Sulfate Solubility Calculation By Using Skillman, Mcdonald, And Stiff Method Darwita Darwita
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 33 No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.33.1.811

Abstract

Calcium sulfate scale is one of serious problems and must be solved accurately in petroleum industry. It can plug pore media consequently decreases production rate. Therefore, it is very important to know injection water quality of S1, S2, S3 water samples by means of calculating CaSO4 solubility. Each injection water sample has different CaSO4  solubility. The CaSO4 solubility of S3 produced water is usually higher than S2 and S1 solubility. Because it contains the highest calcium and sulfate ion concentrations compared with S2 and S1. No CaSO4 scale is found in all analyzed water sample.
Avo Inversion Using Levenberg-Marquardt Optimization Technique Suprajitno Munadi; Humbang Purba
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 33 No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.33.2.812

Abstract

AVO is not only well known as gas indicator over the last two decades but also more importantly, AVO provides us with a means for extracting petrophysical parameters from seismic data. Using AVO anomaly one can derive important petrophysical parameters such as Poisson’s ratio and S-wave velocity. By knowing S-wave velocity nearly all other petrophysical parameters can be calculated. An effective procedure for inverting AVO anomaly is presented in this paper. It avoids inefficient trial and error steps during the matching process between AVO anomaly and calculated AVO. This method uses Levenberg-Marquardt optimization technique.
Differential Strain Analysis: An Investigation Over Its Feasibility For Determining Coal’s Cleat Orientation Bambang Widarsono
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 33 No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.33.2.813

Abstract

Gas production from coal bed methane (CBM) has been rising as supplement to conventional gas reservoirs. Effective CBM production is much determined by well placements with regards to orientation of the coal reservoir’s face cleat. This is true since this cleat type provides the main path of fluid migration from storage to wellbore. It is therefore imperative to understand and determine the general orientation of the cleats of concern. This information is usually obtained from visual description on core samples, and whenever available from analogy to outcrop data. This is considered as insufficient and a means for studying core sample’s interior is required in order to ensure consistency between external and internal appearances. This paper presents an investigative study over the possibility of differential strain analysis (DSA) technique to serve the purpose. The technique is normally used for measuring subsurface in situ stress field, and through the use of a similar basic concept it is proposed to be used for determining orientation of face cleats in coal samples. The study includes utilization of DSA data obtained from measurements on samples taken from great depths. Review and re-working over the data has shown that the technique can well indicate the orientation of face cleats. A general orientation over all tested samples is also indicated with reasonable degree of reliability. This leads into conclusion that the DSA technique can be well used to indicate cleat orientation and therefore help in better characterizing coal.

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