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Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas
Published by LEMIGAS
ISSN : 20893361     EISSN : 25410520     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Energy
The Scientific Contributions for Oil and Gas is the official journal of the Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS for the dissemination of information on research activities, technology engineering development and laboratory testing in the oil and gas field. Manuscripts in English are accepted from all in any institutions, college and industry oil and gas throughout the country and overseas.
Arjuna Subject : Energi (semua kategori) - Teknologi Bahan Bakar
Articles 619 Documents
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MODELING OF GRAVITY EFFECTS IN STREAMLINE-BASED SIMULATION FOR THERMAL RECOVERY Usman Usman
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 30 No 3 (2007)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.30.3.976

Abstract

Gravity effects are more prominent in thermal recovery simulations due to larger densitydifference between phases. Historically, the streamline method has been unable toaccount for gravity effects. This is a result of assuming that the fluid path follows thestreamline path and therefore no communication among streamlines. However with gravity,a fluid pathline is different from a fluid streamline. Each phase can move vertically asa result of the gravity segregation effect in addition to the flow along streamline.Gravity effects are accounted in the streamline method by an operator splitting technique.The idea is to isolate the convective flow from diffusion due to gravity for separatesolutions. The convective part is calculated along the common streamline trajectories andthe diffusion part is determined by the direction of gravity. While this has been done successfullyfor isothermal problems, it is still a challenge to obtain both accuracy and efficiencyfor non-isothermal flow. This paper further examines the mixed streamline methodwith an operator splitting technique for this class of problems. The pressure equation fordefining streamlines was derived by summing up the mass conservation equations. Then,the mass and heat transport equations in terms of the streamline time-of-flight coordinatewere solved for each streamline. A gravity step will be followed by solving the segregationequations over the dimensional grid. For simplification of modeling, heat was assumed totransfer by convection only, of which direction is parallel with the flowing phases and theinfluence of temperature in the simulation model is through changes in fluid viscosity only.The proposed approach was tested through simulation of heavy oil recovery by means ofhot waterflooding. The results were verified with those of a commercial fully implicit thermalsimulator.
NMR T2 CUT OFF: WHICH ONE IS TO BE USED FOR APPLICATION? Bambang Widarsono; Junita Trivianty Musu
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 30 No 3 (2007)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.30.3.977

Abstract

Recent developments in petroleum industry have been witnessing the surge of the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) log. Despite some remaining problems the NMR technology appears to gain more acceptance as petrophysical tool for evaluating reservoir quality. Comprehensive formation evaluation requires determination of irreducible fluids, movable fluids, and permeability. However, rock heterogeneity introduces complexity in any formation evaluation activities. This can also cause problem for NMR log interpretation. In the presence of clays the most commonly used T2 cut off values, a constant value throughout a formation, seem to eventually yield inaccurate irreducible water saturation estimates, as well as other output such as permeability. This study focuses at finding a solution for finding the best way of choosing the most representative T2 cut off value to be used in NMR log interpretation. This is indeed a common pressing problem for heterogeneous formation rocks such as in the case of Tirrawarra sandstones used in this study. The main part of the study is devoted to comparison between the use of single averaged T2c value and establishment of empirical correlations enabling the provision of T2c for any level of heterogeneity (i.e. various levels of shaliness). The study however surprisingly shows that, in spite of the theoretical soundness of the empirical correlations established, simple averaging of T2c values yielded by a reliable method proves itself adequate. This conclusion therefore helps considerably in reducing complexity in NMR log interpretation.
DETERMINATION OF TOTAL BACTERIA COUNT AND SELECTION OF INJECTION WATER QUALITY RATING CHART FOR WATER FLOOD NEEDS IN SUMATRA OIL FIELDS Nuraini Nuraini; Tjuwati Makmur
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 30 No 3 (2007)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.30.3.978

Abstract

An important factor affecting the success of a water flood project for secondary recoveryis the quality of the water being injected. In this research, the water quality tests werefocused on determination of total bacteria counts of the analyzed injection water sampleusing ASTM D 5465-93 and selections of injection water quality rating chart for waterflood needs in Sumatra oil fields. The results of microbiological laboratory tests of allanalyzed injection water samples showed three parts. An injection water sample of N - 82containing type of bacteria Bacillus sp with the total bacteria counts 5.02 x 100 colonies/ccwas categorized as no. 1 water quality rating chart. Subsequently, G – GS injection watersample indicated Bacillus sp with total bacteria counts 4.28 x 101 colonies/cc and BacillusLaterosporous with total bacteria count 3.31 x 101 colonies/cc for G – 90 water sample.Two samples mentioned above were classified as no. 2 water quality rating chart. Next,Bacillus Alvei was found in T – 21 injection water sample with total bacteria count 1.85 x102 colonies/cc and Bacillus Pathothenticus in T – GS injection water samples with totalbacteria count 2.61 x 102 colonies/cc. Position of water quality rating chart for both lastsamples were no. 3. These results gave valuable and useful information before implementationof water flood in the oilfield.
TO EXPLAIN THE NATURE OF CORE POROSITY USING RESULTS OF PETROGRAPHY ANALYSIS Junita Trivianty Musu
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 30 No 3 (2007)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.30.3.979

Abstract

The Permian to Triassic Tirrawarra Sandstone succession in the Cooper Basin of CentralAustralia is characterized by its low permeability. Ambient core porosity averages8.96% and ambient permeability 0.9 mD. Most samples studied have permeabilities lessthan 3mD. Despite its overall poor reservoir characteristics, the Tirrawarra Sandstone isone of the major oil and gas targets in Australia. A total of 17 core plugs from 6 wellswere studied petrographically using optical petrography, SEM and XRD. These resultswere integrated with core analysis data.Petrographic study revealed the diagenetic events, mainly mechanical and chemicalcompaction, cementation and alteration have modified the reservoir quality. Ductile componentssuch as rock fragments, clay and matrix influence mechanical compaction, whichare the main cause of reservoir quality reduction. Quartz cementation and clay distributionalso affected the porosity, but particularly permeability. Mechanical compaction aswell as quartz cementation have reduced and blocked pore-throats to isolate intergranularpores. The alteration of feldspar to kaolin has changed intergranular porosity tomicroporosity. Illite occurs as either cement, alteration of rock fragments or kaolinite. Allof these diagenetic events also affect fluid movement in the reservoir.This paper presents the evaluation of the determination of effectiveness of porosity inthe delivery of gas from sandstone reservoir in the Cooper Basin using integrated petrographyanalysis and core measurements.
THE EFFECT ADDITION OF LSWR INTO FUEL OILS AGAINST ALTERATION ITS PHYSICALS AND CHEMICALS PROPERTIES Djainuddin Semar; Nur Ahadiat
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 30 No 3 (2007)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.30.3.980

Abstract

To fulfill yearly increase National demand for fuel oils (FO), therefor this paperconducted to researched the posibility added low sulfur wax residue (LSWR) into Nationalfuel oil comersial to some percentage volume againts its characteristic changes.Base on its pour point, the fuel oils modification formula, named FO-90 that has pourpoint 90oF, this formula content 6% volume LSWR.The laboratory test result, shown that nearly all characteristic fuel oils modification isconform with current domestic fuel oils specification 2, issued by Directorate GeneralOils and Gas on behalf of Indonesian goverment in their SK No. 03/P/DM/MIGAS/1986dated April 14, 1986.This paper proposes fuel oils specification, as input for government policy in reformulationof Indonesian fuel oils specification which confirm with international fuel oil specification.
STUDY ON FLARING SYSTEM FOR SOUR GASES IN OIL FIELDS IN INDONESIA R. Desrina; Supriyadi Supriyadi; Aziz M Lubad; M Mulyono
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 30 No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.30.2.981

Abstract

Many of the oil fields in East Java, Indonesia, are known to contain sulfur in amountssufficiently high that the crude oil or the associated gases are considered sour. The sourgases have to be handled accordingly in order to prevent the workers and the surroundingcommunities suffering from the toxic gas.The flaring system for disposing of the sour gases normally applied in oil fields inIndonesia has been evaluated in this study. Flare Stacks typically attempt to convert hydrogensulfide (H2S) in sour gas streams into sulfur dioxide (SO2) and water. The amount ofSO2 emitted does not solely depend on the H2S content of the gas, but also on the internalphysical factors, such as flare gas flow rate, flare gas heat content, flare gas exit velocity,and external factors such as cross wind velocity.This study focuses on the evaluation of the influence of the physical factors, especiallyflare gas flow rate and wind velocity, on SO2 emission. In order to comply with the regulationthe study also attempts to search the Government of Indonesia Regulations which aresuitable for this purpose.
ROLE OF CO2 GAS EMISSION TAX ON FOSSIL FUEL IN REDUCING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT “A PERSPECTIVE FOR INDONESIA” Kemas Fachruddin; Akhmad Fauzi; Ahmad Bey; Surjono H Surtjahjo
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 30 No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.30.2.982

Abstract

In the year 2001, Indonesia was ranked 21st in producing CO2 emissions. In 1990 thetotal emission of CO2 from the burning of fossil fuel was estimated at 83.8 million tonnesand by the end of the year 2020 the total emissions are estimated to be 368.3 milliontonnes. Currently, Indonesia has no specific regulation in place for controlling CO2 emissionseither in the form of an act or government regulation.Some approaches in controlling such emissions are through “common and control”and or “market based instrument” (sometimes this term is called “economic instrument”).Based on experience from developed countries, economic instrument in the form of carbontax or emission tax is preferred due to it’s effectiveness compared with the commonand control instrument.This empirical study is intended to analyze the role of economic instrument in the formof a carbon or emission tax on the energy of fossil fuel through a modified DICE (DynamicIntegrated Model of Climate Change and the Economy). The DICE model is alsocalled a “Three –Box Model” or “Two Folded Model”By using some rate of social preference (R), the model outcome suggests that appropriateoptimal taxes for petrol and coal are if model using R value of 5%. Value of carbon taxper ton in optimal condition for period of 1990-2019 is within the range $US3.90 – 40.35or $US1.06 -11.00 USD CO2 per ton. The price is equivalent to $US 0.002 – 0.024 perliter petrol and $US 1.95 -20.25 per ton coal.Based on the model output it is indicated that carbon or emission tax with optimalscenario has no significant impact on income per capita relative to “Base Case”. Shouldthe government apply tax instruments with optimal scenario, revenue of emission taxes willfall between $US 457.6 – 2,362.8 million for period 1990-2019. The revenue consists of$US 376.1 – 1,585.6 million generated from petrol and $US 81.4 – 777.2 million fromcoal.
THE EFFECT OF OIL CONTENT ON SONIC WAVE PROPAGATION (Analyses from Well Log Data) Suprajitno Munadi
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 30 No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.30.2.983

Abstract

The effect of fluid content to the sonic wave propagation in the reservoir rock hasbeen studied experimentally using the well log data. Evidence shows that the water contentaffects the sonic wave propagation only in a specific interval, while oil content also affectsthe sonic wave propagation but at a specific low interval. There is a discontinuity wherethe effect of oil content changes suddenly with an increasing oil content. Higher than thisvalue it seems that there is no effect of oil content on sonic wave transit time.
BIODIESEL AS A LUBRICITY ADDITIVE FOR DIESEL FUEL Pallawagau La Puppung
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 30 No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.30.2.984

Abstract

Sulfur in diesel fuel will influence particulate matter emission either in exhaust gasflow or in atmosphere. The other effect of sulfur it can cause corrosion and engine wear.Further, sulfur also can influence on catalytic system in exhaust pipe. Due to this reasonsulfur level in diesel fuel should be set as lower as possible. The process can be used toreduce sulfur level is desulfurization process (hydrotreatment). At the hydrotreatment todesulfurize diesel fuel, lubricity can decrease, it is cause by reduction of fuel componentswhich have good natural lubricity.Lubricity, is very relevant to the satisfactory operation of diesel fuel engines whichrelay on the fuel to lubricate many of the moving and rubbing metal parts of the fuelinjection equipment. Some injection equipment may be at risk if operated on fuels of lowlubricity.Biodiesel as results of transesterification has a good lubricity, the test results of addingbiodiesel into a lower lubricity of diesel fuel indicate that biodiesel can be used to increasediesel fuel lubricity.
TROPICAL EOCENE PALYNOMORPHS FROM THE TORAJA FORMATION, KALUMPANG, SOUTH SULAWESI Eko Budi Lelono
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 26 No 1 (2003)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.26.1.991

Abstract

This study enables to prove the occurrence of the tropical Eocene palynomorphs within the South Sulawesi area.

Page 30 of 62 | Total Record : 619

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