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INDONESIA
Indonesian Pharmacopeia Journal (IPJ)
Published by Universitas dr. Soebandi
ISSN : 3032     EISSN : 5455     DOI : https://doi.org/10.36858/ipj.v2i2
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Chemistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Indonesian Pharmacopeia Journal (IPJ) is a scientific journal published by pharmacy study program at Universitas dr. Soebandi, Indonesia. Releasing two issues annually in January and July, we dedicate our journal to research and development especially in the field of Pharmaceutics. We accept manuscripts that cover research in pharmaceutical biology, pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmacology, community and clinics, and pharmaceutical management.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 40 Documents
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IN SILICO STUDY OF SOYBEAN (Glycine max L.) ISOFLAVONES FOR ANTI-BREAST CANCER THROUGH HER2 TARGETING Ayu Tri Agustin; Nadia Khairun Nisa; IGA Karnasih; Mohammad Rofik Usman; Shinta Mayasari
Indonesian Pharmacopeia Journal Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): 31 July 2025
Publisher : LPPM Universitas dr. Soebandi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36858/ipj.v2i2.45

Abstract

One of the cancers with the most excellent death rates worldwide, including in Indonesia, is breast cancer. Elevated HER2 expression significantly contributes to breast cancer progression by stimulating cell proliferation. Targeted therapies such as trastuzumab have limitations due to potential side effects. This study aims to identify the possible role of soybean (Glycine max L.) isoflavone compounds in inhibiting HER2 using an in silico approach prediction of physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, and bioactivity through SwissADME and PASS Online. The Hex 8.0.0 docking tool and Biovia Discovery Studio 2019 looked into how molecules interact with each other in complicated ways. Our study revealed that physicochemically the compounds acetylgenistin, acetylglycitin, and acetyldaidzin met Lipinski's Rule of Five criteria (BM (< 500), Log P (< 5), HBD (< 5), HBA (< 10), and MR (40-130)), pharmacokinetically the compound acetylgenistin met the ADME parameters and bioactively all six compounds had anticancer activity (Pa > 0.2). Based on the results of molecular docking analysis, the six soy isoflavone compounds can interact and have low binding energy values. The binding energy values of malonylgenistin, acetylgenistin, and acetyldaidzin are the lowest and close to trastuzumab, at -286.6, -283.4, and -277.7kcal/mol, respectively. These findings suggest that soybean (Glycine max L.) isoflavone compounds have potential as anticancer drug candidates in inhibiting HER2.
The Potential Of Bioactive Compounds Of Moringa oleifera Leaves as α-Glucosidase Inhibitor Reveals Antidiabetic Activity Ayu Tri Agustin; Nabila Al Unaizah; Lulut Sasmito; Mohammad Rofik Usman
Indonesian Pharmacopeia Journal Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): 31 July 2025
Publisher : LPPM Universitas dr. Soebandi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36858/ipj.v2i2.47

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most common type of diabetes, accounting for approximately 90% of all diabetes cases. The enzyme α-glucosidase is an important therapeutic target due to its role in breaking down carbohydrates into glucose in the small intestine. Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera) are known to have antihyperglycemic effects through the inhibition of this enzyme, making the active compounds within them a potential natural antidiabetic agent. This study aims to evaluate the physicochemical profile, pharmacokinetics, and bioactivity of six compounds in moringa leaves (4-Undecylbenzenesulfonic acid, Apigetrin, Quercetin-3-β-D-glucoside, D-(-) -Quinic acid, Corchorifatty acid F, and 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde) using in silico methods, with Voglibose as a control, against the α-glucosidase receptor (PDB ID: 5KZX) via the Hex 8.0.0, PyRx 0.8, and BIOVIA Discovery Studio 2019 applications. The results showed that four compounds (Apigetrin, D-(-)Quinic acid, Corchorifatty acid F, and 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde) met Lipinski's rules and had good pharmacokinetic profiles. In terms of bioactivity, Apigetrin and D-(-)Quinic acid had Pa values >0.5, indicating potential as antidiabetic agents. Docking analysis revealed that all compounds could interact with α-glucosidase, but their binding energies were still higher than Voglibose (-1425.3 kcal/mol). Among the tested compounds, Apigetrin showed the lowest value (-334.1 kcal/mol). This study suggests that Apigetrin, D-(-)-Quinic acid, Corchorifatty acid F, and 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde may have potential as candidates for type 2 antidiabetic drugs due to their α-glucosidase inhibitory properties. Based on the binding energy of the compounds found in moringa leaves, they bind outside the active site of the ligand.
The PROFILE OF ANTIBIOTIC USE IN PATIENTS WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS AT ABDOER RAHEM GENERAL HOSPITAL, SITUBONDO Hafiz Achmad Hafiz Auni Iswanto; SHINTA MAYASARI; Sholihatil Hidayati; Nur Hasanah
Indonesian Pharmacopeia Journal Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): 31 July 2025
Publisher : LPPM Universitas dr. Soebandi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36858/ipj.v2i2.50

Abstract

Harmful bacteria multiply, causing urinary tract infections (UTIs). Patients with urinary tract infections often receive antibiotics and supportive care. This study aims to assess the pharmacological treatment of patients with urinary tract infections at RSUD Abdoer Rahem Situbondo. This study used a descriptive design by collecting data retrospectively. This study used a sample of thirty medical records taken using total sampling from May to August 2024. The findings are presented in the form of tables and percentages. The results showed that RSUD Abdoer Rahem Situbondo used urinary tract infection drugs, with 90% of the pharmaceuticals included in the antibiotic class, and cefixime was the most commonly used antibiotic at 27.27%. Ondansetron was the dominant additional treatment, accounting for 21.5% of the total use of additional drugs, followed by ranitidine and lansoprazole at 16.07% and omeprazole and ketorolac at 14.29%.
THE FORMULATION AND PHYSICAL PROPERTY TEST OF LIP TINT PREPARATION FROM MANGOSTEEN PEEL EXTRACT (Garcinia mangostana L.) AS A NATURAL COLOR Haniva Haika; Ayu Angger Putri
Indonesian Pharmacopeia Journal Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): 31 July 2025
Publisher : LPPM Universitas dr. Soebandi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36858/ipj.v2i2.51

Abstract

The development of technology in this modern era has increased the demand for beauty products, especially lip colorants such as lip tint, continues to increase. However, many commercial products contain harmful ingredients that can cause irritation. As an alternative, natural colorants are safer. Mangosteen rind (Garcinia mangostana L.) can be used as a natural colorant and contains xanthones, anthocyanins, saponins, and tannins. To determine whether varying concentrations from mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia mangostana L.) affect the physical properties and hedonic evaluation of lip tint preparations. This study used a laboratory experimental design. The sample used was mangosteen fruit peel extract (Garcinia mangostana L.) obtained by Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) method using 96% ethanol solvent with a ratio of (1:5). Evaluation of the preparation includedEvaluation of physical characteristics (appearance, uniformity, pH level, ability to spread and stickiness) and hedonic test. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.
ANALGESIC EFFECT OF EXTRACT ETHYL ACETATE OF MANGO LEAVES (mangifera indica L.) ON MALE MICE WITH ACETIC ACID INDUCTIONAA Adel lisa
Indonesian Pharmacopeia Journal Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): 31 July 2025
Publisher : LPPM Universitas dr. Soebandi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36858/ipj.v2i2.53

Abstract

Pain is an emotionally and sensory exhausting ordeal accompanied by painful physical injury. Mefenamic acid is one example of a substance that can be used to administer pain medications. On the other hand, side effects can occur with continuous and long-term use. The analgesic effect is provided by tannins, alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids found in mango leaves (Mangifera Indica L.). This study aims to determine the analgesic effect of ethyl acetate extract of mango leaf (Mangifera Indica L.) in male mice induced by acetic acid 1 %. Experimental setting in a controlled environment with male mice randomly placed in one of five groups. Providing negative control (CMC Na), positive control (mefenamic acid 65 mg/kgBB), and EEADM (doses 100 mg/kgBB, 200 mg/kgBB, and 300 mg/kgBB) orally were used. Only 30 minutes remained. Next, 1% acetic acid is inserted intraperitoneally. After the first 30 minutes, check the squirrels every 5 minutes. Data on squirming and percentage of protection were subsequently examined using the ANOVA SPSS test, which had a significance rate of 95% (p <0.05). Next, an LSD test was performed. In the results of the squirming test and the percent protection test using the ANOVA test , a significance value of < 0.05 was obtained, followed by the LSD test. The results of the LSD test by comparing the positive control of mefenamic acid 65 mg/kgBB with the EEADM dose of 300 mg/kggBB which showed that there was no difference in significance, this indicates that the EEADM dose of 300 mg/kgBB can be used as an analgesic. Based on the results of the study with a discussion that is known that the dose that has a faster reduction in pain is EEADM dose of 300 mg/kgBB.
Literature Review: Pharmacological Activity and Characteristics of Red Onion (Allium cepa L.) Arista Wahyuningsih; Shinta Mayasari; Iski Weni Pebriarti; Sepbrilla Ananda Kusriadi
Indonesian Pharmacopeia Journal Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): 31 July 2025
Publisher : LPPM Universitas dr. Soebandi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36858/ipj.v2i2.54

Abstract

Shallot skin (Allium cepa L.) is a household waste that is still rarely utilized, even though it contains secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, anthocyanins, saponins, tannins, and other phenolic compounds that have pharmacological potential, especially as antioxidants and antibacterials. This study evaluates shallot skin's specific and non-specific pharmacognosy parameters through literature studies. Specific parameters include organoleptic, microscopic tests, and identifying active compound content using TLC, while non-specific parameters include water, ash, and contamination. The literature search method was done through Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, using the criteria of articles from 2015 to 2025. The study results indicate that flavonoid content, especially quercetin, contributes significantly to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Shallot skin also shows effective antibacterial and antimicrobial activity against pathogenic strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi. In addition, the mechanism of inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes shows potential as an antidiabetic agent. Anticancer activity is supported by the active compounds' ability to induce apoptosis and inhibit cancer cell proliferation. With its abundant bioactive compound profile, shallot skin has the potential to be developed.
The Formulation and Determination of Total Flavonoid Content of Gel Preparation Akalifa Leaf Extract (Acalypha wilkesiana Muell.Arg) Precilia Renanda Sherly Sherly; Dhina Ayu Susanti
Indonesian Pharmacopeia Journal Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): 31 July 2025
Publisher : LPPM Universitas dr. Soebandi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36858/ipj.v2i2.56

Abstract

Skin damage is mainly caused by ultraviolet radiation, which necessitates the use of sunscreen. Sunscreen is a skincare product that protects the skin from sun exposure. Plants that can be used as sunscreen include the leaves of akalifa (Acalypha wilkesiana Muell. Arg). Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and saponins are all found in akalifa leaves. Phenolic compounds, particularly flavonoids, have potential as sunscreen. To formulate a gel preparation and conduct testing of the total flavonoid content of the gel formulation from acalypha leaf extract (Acalypha wilkesiana Muell. Arg.). This study uses a laboratory experimental research design by extracting akalifa leaves using the UAE (Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction) method with 96% ethanol as the solvent. The gel preparation of the akalifa leaf extract is formulated at concentrations of 6%, 8%, and 10%. The formula involves determining the total flavonoid content of the gel preparation using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 430 nm. The determination of total flavonoid content in formulation 1 is 1,888 mg QE/gram, in formulation 2 is 2 mg QE/gram, and in formulation 3 is 2,102 mg QE/gram. In the three formulations of concentrations 6%, 8%, and 10% formulation 3 has the highest flavonoid content.
Antidiarrheal Effectiveness Test of Moringa Leaf Infusion (Moringaoleifera L.) on Male Mice (Mus musculus) Siti Saidah; Hartalina Mufidah; Shinta Mayasari
Indonesian Pharmacopeia Journal Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): 31 July 2025
Publisher : LPPM Universitas dr. Soebandi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36858/ipj.v2i2.57

Abstract

ABSTRACT Diarrhea is a digestive system disorder defined as having more than three bowel movements per day, characterized by changes in stool shape and consistency, as well as an increased water content in the stool compared to normal levels. Recent data from the 2022 Indonesia Nutrition Status Survey (SSGI) indicates that the prevalence of diarrhea stands at 10.2%, up from 9.8% in the 2021 SSGI results. Many people still view diarrhea as a minor illness, often leading to fatal outcomes in its management. Most synthetic anti-diarrheal medications can cause unwanted side effects, prompting the need for safer alternatives derived from natural sources. One such herbal plant, moringa leaves, is known to contain flavonoids with potential anti-diarrheal properties. This study aimed to evalute the optimal dosage 200, 400 and 800 mg/kgBW of Moringa oleifera L. Leaf infusion for its antidiarrheal efficacy in male Mus musculus exhibiting oleum ricini by induced diarrhea. This research uses a type of laboratory experimental study research using male white mice (Mus musculus) that have been induced by oleum ricini. The mice used were 20 and divided into 5 groups, namely: negative control group (CMC Na), positive control group (loperamid HCl), moringa leaf infusion treatment group with infusion doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/KgBW. The parameters analyzed were frequency of diarrhea, stool consistency, stool weight and duration of diarrhea. The results of phytochemical screening of moringa leaf infusa show that moringa leaf infusa contains flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins. The results of the observation of the antidiarrheal effectiveness of moringa leaf infusa (Moringa oleifera L.) at the most optimal dose, namely the dose of 400mg/KgBW with the parameters of the average frequency of diarrhea 6.5 times with an average stool weight of 0.62 grams and the average duration of diarrhea is 95 minutes. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA at the 95% confidence level. Moringa leaf infusa (Moringa oleifera L.) has activity as antidiarrheal in male white mice (Mus musculus) induced by oleum ricini with the most effective dose is at a dose of 400 mg/KgBW.
In Silico Analysis of Active Compounds in Brotowali (Tinospora crispa) as Antihyperglycemic Agents against α-Amylase Receptors Mohammad Rofiq Usman; Ishrolana Lutfi Anggraeni; Caca Engellina; Imelda Eka Fitriananda; Wan Faizah; Faradibah Andarista
Indonesian Pharmacopeia Journal Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): 31 July 2025
Publisher : LPPM Universitas dr. Soebandi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36858/ipj.v2i2.58

Abstract

Hyperglycemia is a condition characterized by higher than normal blood sugar levels and is the main sign of diabetes mellitus. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2021, Indonesia ranks fifth with 19.47 million diabetics and a population of 179.72 million, and this makes the prevalence of diabetes in Indonesia 10.6%. One of the plants that is widely used as traditional medicine to reduce blood sugar levels is the brotowali plant (Tinospora crispa). This study aims to analyze the mechanism of active compounds of the brotowali plant (Tinospora crispa) that can inhibit the α-amylase enzyme through molecular tethering in silico. This study uses the method of tethering to receptors obtained from the PDB database (ID 1OSE). The positive control used was acarbose so as to obtain a new antihyperglycemic drug candidate with a good pharmacokinetic profile. The molecular tethering simulation results showed that the DL-Carnitine compound has the lowest ΔG value of -4.32 kcal/mol with a Ki value of 680.33 µM and a hydrophobic bond that plays an active role with the natural ligand ASP A:197. In terms of pharmacokinetics, the DL-carnitine compound is better than acarbose. It can be concluded that the DL-Carnitine compound is predicted to be carried out further as research as an antihyperglycemic candidate through α-amylase inhibition.
Formulation And Physical Quality Test Of Handsanitizer Gel PreparationOf Katuk Leaf Extract(Sauropus androgynus L.) With Gelling Agent Variations Puteri Shinta; Shinta Mayasari; Aliyah Purwanti
Indonesian Pharmacopeia Journal Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): 31 July 2025
Publisher : LPPM Universitas dr. Soebandi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36858/ipj.v2i2.60

Abstract

Background: Diarrhea is one of the diseases caused by bacterial microorganism infections. Data obtained in 2023 showed that diarrhea cases increased to 27,385 diarrhea patients. Along with the times, people prefer instant and practical products as waterless hand sanitizers known as hand sanitizers. One of the important factors in the formulation of hand sanitizer gel preparations is the gelling agent to see the effect on the physical quality of the preparation. Objective: This study aims to formulate a hand sanitizer gel preparation of katuk leaf extract and evaluate its physical quality test with variations of the gelling agents Carbopol, CMC-Na, and HPMC. Method: This type of research is experimental research in the laboratory. This study uses katuk leaf extract as the active ingredient. Katuk leaf extract is obtained by maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. The variations of gelling agents used in this study are carbopol, CMC-Na, and HPMC. The resulting handssanitizer gel preparations were tested for organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, dispersability and viscosity, respectively. Results: Katuk leaf extract can be formulated as a gel preparation of hand sanitizer of katuk leaf extract. The preparation of katuk leaf extract hand sanitizer gel with HPMC gelling agent has a thick texture, green, homogeneous gel form, pH 7,530.06, dispersion capacity of 4.75 cm0.69, and viscosity of 2.933251.66. Preparations with carbopol gelling agent have a gel form, have a thick texture, green color, homogeneous, pH 6,770.25, dispersion test 5.28 cm0.27, and viscosity of 3.033404.14. Preparations with CMC-Na gelling agent have a gel form, thick texture, green color, homogeneous, pH 6,970.06, dispersion test 5.17 cm0.03, and viscosity of 2.867251.66. Conclusion: Katuk leaf extract can be formulated as a gel preparation of hand sanitizer of katuk leaf extract. The evaluation of physical quality tests with variations of gelling agents that meet the standards of gel handssanitizer is from the gelling agent carbopol and CMC-Na, while HPMC does not meet the standards in terms of dispersion test.

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