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Khazanah Theologia
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27159701     DOI : https://doi.org/10.15575
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities, Science, Education, Social,
Religion Humanities Computer Science & IT Education Social Sciences
Khazanah Theologia is an academic journal focusing on the dynamic intersection of Cyber Theology and Digital Religion The journal examines how digital transformation reshapes religious practices theological thought and spiritual experiences It provides an interdisciplinary platform for scholarly discussion on digital religion theology media technology and society Topics include digital religious practices theological responses to digital culture internet and social media in religious communities ethical and moral dimensions of technology in religion theology in the digital public sphere interfaith dialogue through digital platforms and the use of technology in religious education and theological studies The journal welcomes theoretical and empirical contributions that reflect both global and local perspectives in this evolving field
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 97 Documents
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Digital Religion and Hybrid Worship in a Protestant Minority Congregation Deni Miharja; M. Yusuf Wibisono; Nisa Ainun Napisa Nisa
Khazanah Theologia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Khazanah Theologia
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/kt.v7i2.54273

Abstract

Purpose: This study examines how digital media are integrated into the religious life of GKP Cirebon, a Protestant minority congregation in Indonesia. Methods: This study employs a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected through field observation, digital observation of church platforms, documentation of online worship and congregational activities, and interviews with pastors, church administrators, and congregants. The data were analyzed thematically by classifying forms of religious activities, patterns of digital media integration, and categories of congregational response. Findings: The findings show that digital media at GKP Cirebon are used across three main domains of religious life: worship, religious education, and pastoral-social ministry. Digital integration operates through three modalities: livestreaming, interactive online participation, and digital communication. Congregational and pastoral responses are heterogeneous, consisting of positive acceptance, adaptive or ambivalent acceptance, and critical reservation. Digital platforms expand access to worship, religious education, pastoral care, and congregational communication, especially for members limited by mobility, time, health, or distance. However, physical worship remains central because it provides embodied fellowship, direct interaction, shared liturgical atmosphere, and communal intimacy. Implications: This study suggests that digital ministry should be developed not merely as a technical service but as a pastoral and communicative strategy. For local churches, digital media can extend access and sustain participation, but they need to be managed in ways that preserve physical fellowship, communal worship, and active congregational involvement. Originality/Value: This study contributes to digital religion and media studies by offering an empirical analysis of a Protestant minority congregation in Indonesia. Its originality lies in showing that digital media function as an extension of religious access rather than a replacement for physical worship, and in identifying the negotiation between digital accessibility and physical communality as a key dynamic in contemporary congregational life.
Digital Living Qur’an and Audience Engagement with Riko The Series on YouTube in Indonesian Muslim Family Contexts Talin Salsa Bila; Fajar Rohandy; Izzah Faizah Siti Rusydati Khaerani; M. Solahudin; Yayan Mulyana
Khazanah Theologia Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Khazanah Theologia
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/kt.v8i1.54298

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to analyse audience engagement with Qur’anic content in Riko The Series on YouTube as a digital form of Living Qur’an. It examines how Qur’anic values are received, interpreted, and reproduced by audiences through comment culture, digital traces, interaction, and family-based viewing practices. Methodology: This study employed a qualitative netnographic design. The data were collected from three selected episodes of Riko The Series, thirty purposively selected YouTube comments, digital engagement metrics, semi-structured interviews with six audience informants, and one interview with a member of the production team. The data were analysed through four netnographic dimensions: digital cyberculture, digital traces, audience interaction, and immersive engagement. Findings: The findings show that the comment space of Riko The Series contains Islamic invocations, Qur’anic references, hadith citations, prayers, moral advice, and personal reflections. Digital trace data reveal different engagement patterns across episodes: Kambing Putih Riko generated the highest views and likes, while Tanaman Bertasbih produced the highest number of comments. Interview data further show that the series encouraged Qur’anic reflection, children’s imitation of Islamic expressions, parent-child religious discussion, and audience feedback for future content development. Implications: This study suggests that Islamic animation can support informal Qur’anic learning within Muslim families when accompanied by parental mediation, reliable references, and careful comment moderation. Originality: The originality of this study lies in its netnographic analysis of audiences as active digital actors who participate in producing and circulating Qur’anic meanings through YouTube-based Islamic animation.
Reconstructing Hijab Normativity in Indonesia’s Digital Religious Sphere: A Content Analysis of the Hijrah Indonesia Facebook Page Fauzan Nurfalah
Khazanah Theologia Vol. 7 No. 3 (2025): Khazanah Theologia
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/kt.v7i3.54274

Abstract

Purpose: This study examines how the Hijrah Indonesia Facebook page reconstructs the normative meaning of hijab in contemporary Indonesian digital religion. It focuses on the alternative narratives that challenge dominant understandings of the hijab as a compulsory religious obligation, the communication strategies through which these narratives are disseminated, and the ways in which audiences negotiate and contest such interpretations. Methodology: The study employs a qualitative content analysis of posts, captions, visual materials, and publicly available user comments published on the Hijrah Indonesia Facebook page between 2020 and 2024. Lasswell’s communication model is used to examine the relationship between communicator, message, medium, audience, and communicative effects, while Berger and Luckmann’s social construction of reality provides an interpretive framework for understanding how alternative religious meanings are externalized, objectified, and potentially internalized in digital environments. Findings: The analysis identifies three dominant forms of narrative reconstruction. First, the page semantically differentiates the Qur’anic terms hijab, jilbab, and khimar in order to challenge their conventional identification with women’s head covering. Second, it employs historical-contextual interpretations of QS. Al-Ahzab: 59 and QS. An-Nur: 31 to present prescriptions concerning women’s dress as culturally and historically situated rather than universally uniform. Third, it frames hijab primarily as a matter of personal religious awareness and choice rather than coercive obligation. These narratives are communicated through five recurring strategies: counter-narrative, critical-contextual education, emotional and empathic appeal, visual-symbolic communication, and digital advocacy incorporating explicit calls to action. Audience responses reveal a polarized interpretive field in which supportive users employ contextual, cultural, and individual-freedom arguments, whereas opposing users defend textual-normative interpretations grounded in Qur’anic verses and established religious authority. Implications: The findings demonstrate that Facebook functions not merely as a channel for disseminating religious information but as a contested space in which Islamic norms, interpretive authority, and Muslim women’s religious identities are actively negotiated. The study highlights the growing importance of digital and religious literacy for evaluating competing claims to Islamic authority in platform-based environments. Originality: This study contributes to scholarship on digital religion and religious authority by demonstrating how a specific online community constructs and legitimizes alternative interpretations of an established Islamic norm through platform-based communication. It extends social construction theory into the study of digital religious discourse and provides empirical insight into the contestation of hijab normativity, Muslim women’s representation, and interpretive authority in contemporary Indonesia.
Reconfiguring Faith in Digital Culture: An Integrative Framework of Digital Theology, Religious Practice, and Artificial Intelligence Agus Joko Manteus; I Made Sutomo
Khazanah Theologia Vol. 7 No. 3 (2025): Khazanah Theologia
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/kt.v7i3.54297

Abstract

Purpose: This study develops an integrative conceptual framework of digital theology by examining how digital technologies reshape theological reflection, religious practice, community formation, religious identity, and ethical engagement. It responds to the fragmentation of existing scholarship in which digital worship, religious authority, artificial intelligence, and digital ethics are frequently examined as separate domains. Methodology: The study employed a qualitative, systematic literature review of 43 peer-reviewed publications, retrieved from Scopus and published between 2015 and 2026. Studies were selected using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and analysed through thematic synthesis combining deductive and inductive coding. The synthesis examined recurring theoretical perspectives, patterns of digitally mediated religious practice, transformations of community and authority, and emerging ethical issues associated with artificial intelligence. Findings: Four interconnected dimensions of digital theology emerged from the literature: (1) theological reflection and digital mediation, (2) transformation of digital religious practices, (3) community formation and religious identity, and (4) ethical and artificial intelligence implications. The findings show that digital technologies function not merely as instruments for religious communication but as mediating environments in which understandings of sacred presence, participation, embodiment, authority, and religious identity are renegotiated. Artificial intelligence further intensifies these transformations by raising questions concerning authenticity, human agency, doctrinal reliability, privacy, algorithmic influence, and the legitimacy of digitally mediated religious knowledge. Implications: The findings indicate that religious communities and theological institutions require digital transformation approaches that combine technological adaptation with theological discernment and ethical accountability. Particular attention should be given to the governance of artificial intelligence, the preservation of human agency, the evaluation of digital religious authority, and the protection of theological integrity in technologically mediated environments. Originality: This study contributes to digital theology by integrating previously fragmented discussions of theological mediation, digital religious practice, community and identity formation, and artificial intelligence within a single conceptual framework. Rather than treating technology as an external tool applied to religion, the framework conceptualises digital theology as a dynamic process in which technological mediation, theological interpretation, religious practice, and ethical negotiation mutually shape contemporary religious life.
Visuality and Digital Religiosity in Instagram Da’wah: Negotiating Islamic Normativity and Religious Authority Ellyda Retpitasari; Mahdza Maela Nur Azizah; Fikri Amiruddin Ihsani
Khazanah Theologia Vol. 7 No. 3 (2025): Khazanah Theologia
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/kt.v7i3.54304

Abstract

Purpose: This study examines how visuality in Instagram da’wah contributes to the construction of digital religiosity through the negotiation of artistic creativity, Islamic normativity, and religious authority. Focusing on the Instagram account @egg_winner, the study investigates how visual choices communicate religious meaning beyond conventional Islamic symbols and how these representations are negotiated through audience interaction. Methodology: The study employs a qualitative single-case design centered on one Instagram Reel selected from content observed between August and November 2025. The analysis integrates visual culture analysis with Van Dijk’s sociocognitive Critical Discourse Analysis and interprets the findings through Glock and Stark’s dimensions of religiosity and Campbell’s concept of networked religion. The analytical corpus includes visual composition, character design, color, typography, overlay text, and publicly available audience comments. Findings: The Reel constructs religiosity primarily through visual practice rather than explicit religious iconography. The deliberate omission of facial features functions as a visual response to the Islamic discourse of tasywir, while color, composition, character design, and text overlays translate religious considerations into an accessible digital aesthetic. Informal language and dialogic prompts encourage audience participation and create a less hierarchical communicative relationship between creator and followers. Audience interactions further indicate that aesthetic appreciation and religious evaluation intersect within the comment space. These practices suggest that digitally visible creators can participate in the mediation of religious knowledge and authority, although such authority remains informal and platform-dependent. Implications: The findings show that Instagram da’wah should be understood not merely as the digital transmission of religious messages but as a visual and participatory practice in which Islamic norms are interpreted, aestheticized, and negotiated. The study also highlights the need for greater attention to the relationship between visual literacy, platform logic, and religious authority in contemporary digital Islam. Originality: This study contributes to scholarship on digital religion and visual culture by demonstrating how religious meaning can be produced through aesthetic decisions embedded in everyday creative practice. It extends the concept of networked religion by foregrounding visuality as a mechanism through which Muslim identity, Islamic normativity, and emerging forms of digital religious authority are negotiated on short-form social media.
Constructing Religious Tolerance in Indonesia’s Digital Public Sphere: A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Log In Interfaith Podcast on YouTube Muhamad Hilmi Pauzian
Khazanah Theologia Vol. 7 No. 3 (2025): Khazanah Theologia
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/kt.v7i3.54331

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigates how religious tolerance is discursively constructed, mediated, and received in Log In, a prominent Indonesian interfaith podcast on YouTube. It examines the linguistic strategies through which tolerance is articulated, the representation of religious participants, and the ways audiences interpret interfaith narratives within Indonesia’s digital public sphere. Methodology: The study employs Fairclough’s three-dimensional Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), complemented by Social Media Critical Discourse Studies and the mediatization of religion perspective. An intensive single-case design integrates three sources of digital data: an 11,826-word full-episode transcript, YouTube platform metadata, and 1,236 relevance-ranked top-level audience comments. The analysis combines lexical-frequency analysis, thematic coding, qualitative discourse analysis, and descriptive analysis of audience engagement. Findings: Religious tolerance is constructed through inclusive pronominalization, affective vocabulary, modal expressions that frame tolerance simultaneously as an achievable possibility and a moral responsibility, and humor that facilitates the negotiation of religious difference. The predominance of the inclusive pronoun kita (“we”) constructs a collective interfaith subject, while uneven participant-reference frequencies reveal representational asymmetries beneath the podcast’s egalitarian framing, although these frequencies should not be interpreted as direct measures of speaking time. Audience reception further demonstrates that nationalist validation generated the strongest aggregate engagement within the sampled comments, indicating that interfaith harmony is frequently interpreted through national identity rather than exclusively through theological or religious categories. The episode’s closing multi-faith prayer also illustrates an emerging form of mediated interreligious practice conceptualized here as a digital interfaith ritual. Implications: The findings demonstrate that digital tolerance is not merely communicated through social media but co-produced through religious discourse, entertainment conventions, platform visibility, audience participation, and Indonesian nationalist narratives. They also highlight the need to consider representational inequality and platform-mediated visibility when evaluating apparently inclusive digital religious spaces. Originality: This study advances scholarship on digital religion, mediatization, and critical discourse by integrating transcript analysis, platform metadata, and audience reception into a single analytical framework. It provides evidence from a Muslim-majority, religiously plural society and shows how tolerance in the digital public sphere emerges through the intersection of linguistic inclusion, media logic, religious representation, and national belonging.
Pauline Speech Ethics in Nigeria’s Digital Public Sphere: An Exegetical Reading of Ephesians 4 on Hate Speech and Trolling Abdulazeez Otunaya; Stephen O. Osunlana
Khazanah Theologia Vol. 7 No. 3 (2025): Khazanah Theologia
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/kt.v7i3.54334

Abstract

Purpose: This study examines how the ethical instructions of Ephesians 4:3, 26, 29, and 32 can inform Christian responses to hate speech and trolling in Nigerian social media. It addresses the limited engagement between New Testament ethics and scholarship on digital communication in Nigeria by interpreting Pauline teachings on peace, anger, speech, and reconciliation within a contemporary digital context. Methodology: The study employs a qualitative library research design using historical-critical exegesis. The primary textual data consist of Ephesians 4:3, 26, 29, and 32 in the Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece (28th ed.). The analysis integrates textual, grammatical, lexical, literary, and socio-historical examination of the selected passages, supported by major exegetical commentaries, Greek lexicons, and peer-reviewed scholarship on hate speech, trolling, and digital communication in Nigeria. The exegetical findings are subsequently related to contemporary digital speech through principled normative application. Findings: The analysis identifies four interrelated Pauline principles. Ephesians 4:3 frames peacemaking as an intentional and sustained communal responsibility; Ephesians 4:26 acknowledges anger while imposing ethical limits on its escalation and duration; Ephesians 4:29 rejects logos sapros (“corrupt” or “harmful speech”) and replaces it with speech oriented toward oikodomē (“edification”); and Ephesians 4:32 presents kindness, compassion, and gracious forgiveness as practices of reconciliation. Together, these principles offer a coherent ethical framework for evaluating forms of online communication characterised by hostility, provocation, degradation, and prolonged conflict. Implications: The findings suggest that Pauline speech ethics can provide a theological resource for Christian digital literacy, pastoral formation, and constructive online engagement in Nigeria. The framework complements socio-legal and computational approaches by foregrounding moral responsibility, relational repair, and the effects of speech on communities. As a normative exegetical study, however, it does not establish the actual behavioural effects of these principles on social media users. Originality: This study contributes to New Testament ethics and digital religion scholarship by systematically relating Ephesians 4 to contemporary hate speech and trolling in the Nigerian digital public sphere. It extends Pauline ethical interpretation beyond ecclesial communication to the field of digital media ethics and provides an African-contextual application of biblical speech ethics.

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