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Academia Open
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27147444     DOI : 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.12985
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Academia Open is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo published 2 (two) issues per year (June and December). This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This journal aims is to provide a place for academics and practitioners to publish original research and review articles. The articles basically contains any topics research or review. Academia Open is available in online version. Language used in this journal is Indonesia or English.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,389 Documents
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Heat Stress in Iraq Slashes Dairy Cow Health and Milk Production: Stres Panas di Irak Pangkas Kesehatan Sapi Perah dan Produksi Susu Azhar Lateef Shwish
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.9158

Abstract

This study examined the impact of heat stress on dairy cows in Iraq, categorizing them into Comfortable Zone (CZ), Mild Stress (MS), and High Stress (HS) based on the Thermal Humidity Index (THI). Over 90 days, cows were monitored for physiological, hematological, biochemical, and milk production parameters. Results showed that as heat stress increased, cows exhibited higher respiration, heart, and pulse rates, and rectal and skin temperatures. Hemoglobin and packed cell volume decreased, while red blood cell count and other related measures increased. Biochemical analyses revealed higher levels of cortisol, blood urea nitrogen, total protein, and liver enzymes, with reduced albumin. Milk yield and quality significantly declined under HS conditions. These findings highlight the need for effective heat stress mitigation to protect cow health and dairy productivity in hot climates. Highlights: Heat Stress Impact: Increased respiration, heart, pulse rates, and rectal and skin temperatures. Blood Changes: Lower hemoglobin, higher cortisol, blood urea nitrogen, liver enzymes. Milk Production: Reduced yield, fat content, and protein content under high stress. Keywords: heat stress, dairy cows, physiology, milk production, Iraq
Parenting Styles and Social Phobia in Iraqi Teens: Gaya Pengasuhan Anak dan Fobia Sosial pada Remaja Irak Anwar asmail; Kareem Sajit
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.9168

Abstract

This study evaluated the socio-demographic characteristics and social phobia levels of 385 secondary school students in the Thi-Qar Governorate of Iraq. Using a descriptive, cross-sectional design, data were collected via questionnaires and analyzed with IBM SPSS 20.0. Results indicated that students, predominantly from nuclear families and moderate-income homes, exhibited mild to moderate social phobia (M±SD = 32.47±7.852). Permissive parenting styles were linked to higher social phobia, with notable differences between mothers' and fathers' influences. The study underscores the need for school-based psychological support programs and calls for further research with larger, more diverse samples. Highlight: Students exhibited mild to moderate social phobia (M±SD = 32.47±7.852). Permissive parenting styles linked to higher social phobia. Recommends school-based psychological support programs. Keyword: socio-demographic, social phobia, secondary students, parenting styles, Iraq
Watery diarrhea between Vibrio cholera and Aeromonas hydrophila during Iraqi cholera outbreaks: Diare berair antara Vibrio cholera dan Aeromonas hydrophila selama wabah kolera di Irak Aghadeer Sarmad Najeeb; Musaab Ahmed Ibrahim; Hala Luay Abduljabbar
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.9188

Abstract

Cholera remains a significant health challenge globally, especially in regions with poor infrastructure and healthcare. This study aimed to detect Aeromonas hydrophila in clinical samples from diarrhea patients during the 2022-2023 outbreaks in Iraq. Archived samples from Baquba General Teaching Hospital were analyzed using culture media, biochemical tests, and the VITEK 2 system. Both Vibrio cholerae and A. hydrophila isolates produced virulence factors such as hemolysin, protease, lipase, phospholipase, and biofilm. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed A. hydrophila was susceptible to cefepime, ceftazidime, amikacin, imipenem, meropenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam but resistant to aztreonam, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. V. cholerae was susceptible to amikacin, imipenem, meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, doxycycline, and chloramphenicol but resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin. The findings highlight the need for better recognition of Aeromonas as a gastrointestinal pathogen and emphasize the importance of improved diagnostics and public health initiatives to reduce diarrheal diseases. Highlight: Detection Methods: Culture media, biochemical tests, VITEK 2 system used. Virulence Factors: Hemolysin, protease, lipase, phospholipase, biofilm production identified. Antibiotic Resistance: Specific resistance observed in A. hydrophila and V. cholerae. Keyword: Cholera, Aeromonas hydrophila, Antibiotic Susceptibility, Diarrhea, Iraq Outbreak
Hardiness Personality and Work Stress Among Female Riders: Ketangguhan, Kepribadian, dan Stres Kerja di Kalangan Penunggang Kuda Wanita Resti Kusumawati; Widyastuti
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.9193

Abstract

General Background: Female online motorcycle riders operate in high-risk outdoor environments characterized by demanding workloads, economic uncertainty, and minority gender status in a male-dominated occupation, conditions associated with work stress. Specific Background: Work stress encompasses physiological, psychological, and behavioral responses arising from organizational, environmental, and individual factors, while hardiness personality comprising control, commitment, and challenge represents an individual resilience characteristic relevant to occupational settings. Knowledge Gap: Empirical evidence examining the association between hardiness personality and work stress among female online motorcycle riders in Surabaya remains limited. Aims: This study aimed to determine the relationship between hardiness personality and work stress among female online motorcycle riders in Surabaya. Results: Using a quantitative correlational design with quota sampling, 100 respondents completed the Occupational Hardiness Questionnaire (r=0.760) and a Work Stress Scale (r=0.920). Data analysis with Spearman’s rho indicated a significant negative correlation (r = -0.798; p < 0.001), with hardiness personality explaining 60.7% of the variance in work stress. Most respondents demonstrated high hardiness (35%) and low work stress (31%). Novelty: This study provides empirical evidence from a gender-specific occupational group within the Indonesian gig economy, highlighting the central role of hardiness personality in relation to work stress. Implications: Strengthening control, commitment, and challenge orientations may support stress management strategies, occupational safety awareness, and sustainable work participation among female online motorcycle riders. Highlights: A Strong Inverse Correlation Was Identified Between Psychological Resilience Traits and Occupational Strain (R = -0.798; P < 0.001). The Resilience Construct Accounted for 60.7% of Variance in Job-Related Strain. Most Participants Demonstrated Elevated Resilience Levels Alongside Comparatively Low Strain Scores. Keywords: Hardiness Personality, Work Stress, Female Online Motorcycle Riders, Occupational Psychology, Surabaya  
Self Concept Emotional Intelligence and Peer Conformity Among Junior High Students: The Relationship Between Self-Concept and Emotional Intelligence with Peer Conformity Among Students in Junior High School 2 Tanggulangin, Sidoarjo. Mirza Asyraqi Rahman; Widyastuti
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.9199

Abstract

General Background: Adolescence is a developmental phase characterized by rapid social and emotional changes in which peer conformity frequently emerges as adolescents attempt to gain acceptance within social groups. Specific Background: Peer conformity among students is associated with internal psychological factors, including self-concept and emotional intelligence, which shape behavioral adaptation and social interaction. Knowledge Gap: Although prior studies have examined peer conformity, limited empirical evidence simultaneously analyzes the combined relationship of self-concept and emotional intelligence with peer conformity among junior high school students. Aims: This study aims to determine the relationship between self-concept and emotional intelligence with peer conformity among students at State Junior High School 2 Tanggulangin. Results: Using a quantitative correlational design with 265 students selected through stratified random sampling, data were collected using the Tennessee Self Concept Scale Second Edition Short Form, an emotional intelligence scale, and a peer conformity scale, all demonstrating acceptable reliability. Multiple correlation analysis revealed a positive and statistically significant relationship between self-concept and emotional intelligence with peer conformity (R = 0.447; significance = 0.000 < 0.05), with a contribution value of 20%. Novelty: This study provides integrated empirical evidence demonstrating the simultaneous association of self-concept and emotional intelligence with peer conformity among junior high school students using validated psychological instruments. Implications: The findings highlight the importance of developing psychological attributes related to self-perception and emotional regulation as considerations in student social behavior development and educational psychological interventions. Highlights: Psychological Attributes Jointly Show a Statistically Significant Association With Group Behavioral Alignment. Internal Student Characteristics Collectively Account for 20% Variance in Social Adjustment Patterns. Most Participants Demonstrate Moderate Levels Across Measured Psychosocial Dimensions. Keywords: Peer Conformity, Self-Concept, Emotional Intelligence, Adolescents, Junior High Students
Self Compassion and Social Support Predict Body Dissatisfaction Among TikTok Emerging Adults: Rasa Belas Kasih Diri dan Dukungan Sosial Memprediksi Ketidakpuasan Terhadap Tubuh di Kalangan Remaja Pengguna TikTok Alifia Davina Diwantari; Zaki Nur Fahmawati
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.9200

Abstract

General Background: Rapid digital development has increased social media usage, with TikTok becoming highly popular among individuals aged 18–29 years who are undergoing identity exploration and are vulnerable to appearance-related concerns. Specific Background: Exposure to idealized body-related content on TikTok is associated with body dissatisfaction, while internal and external psychological resources such as self compassion and social support are proposed as relevant factors. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies present contradictory findings regarding social support and rarely examine the simultaneous role of self compassion and social support among TikTok users in emerging adulthood. Aims: This study examined the relationship between self compassion and social support with body dissatisfaction among active TikTok users aged 18–29 years in East Java. Results: Using a quantitative approach with purposive sampling, data from 349 participants were analyzed through multiple linear regression. Findings revealed a significant simultaneous relationship between self compassion and social support with body dissatisfaction (p = 0.000 < 0.05), with a combined contribution of 75.2%. Self compassion demonstrated a larger partial contribution (53.4%) compared with social support (21.8%), and both variables showed negative regression coefficients, indicating that higher levels of these factors corresponded with lower body dissatisfaction. Novelty: This study provides empirical evidence demonstrating the simultaneous statistical contribution of internal and external psychological resources among TikTok users in emerging adulthood. Implications: The findings highlight the relevance of fostering self compassion and strengthening supportive interpersonal environments to address body dissatisfaction during identity development stages. Highlights: Internal Acceptance-Related Construct Contributed the Largest Statistical Proportion to Variance Explanation. Interpersonal Relational Resources Demonstrated Additional Measurable Contribution to Variance Explanation. Combined Statistical Model Explained More Than Three Quarters of Variance in Negative Body Perception. Keywords: Self Compassion, Social Support, Body Dissatisfaction, TikTok Users, Emerging Adulthood
Low Pre-Conception Health Among Iraqi College Women Linked to Age and Socioeconomic Status: Kesehatan Pra-Konsepsi yang Rendah di Kalangan Perempuan Irak Berkaitan dengan Usia dan Status Sosial Ekonomi Nawres jameel Arief; Prof dr Arkan bahlol Naji
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.9204

Abstract

This study explores pre-conception health behaviors among female college students at the University of Baghdad, highlighting a critical gap in non-Western contexts. Conducted from October 2023 to March 2024 with 144 participants, the cross-sectional study assessed pre-pregnancy health behaviors using a validated 5-point Likert scale. Results showed that 74.4% of students exhibited low pre-conception health behaviors, with significant predictors being age (p = 0.008), academic grade (p = 0.041), and socioeconomic status (p = 0.035). The average participant age was 20.63 years, with most in their first academic year and living with parents. The findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions and educational programs to improve pre-pregnancy health awareness and behaviors in this demographic. Highlights: High Prevalence: 74.4% exhibited low pre-conception health behaviors. Influential Factors: Age, grade, and socioeconomic status significantly impacted behaviors. Intervention Needed: Educational programs essential for improving pre-conception health awareness. Keywords: pre-conception health, female college students, predictive factors, socioeconomic status, health behaviors
Self Confidence and Social Identity Relate to Peer Conformity Patterns: Kepercayaan Diri dan Identitas Sosial Berkaitan dengan Pola Konformitas Teman Sebaya Lisa Nur Aini; Widyastuti
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.9214

Abstract

General Background: Adolescence is a transitional developmental stage characterized by significant social, emotional, and cognitive changes, where peer relationships become central in shaping behavioral patterns. Specific Background: Peer conformity represents behavioral and attitudinal adjustment to group norms, while self-confidence and social identity are psychological factors associated with adolescents’ ability to regulate social adaptation and group affiliation. Knowledge Gap: Empirical studies examining the simultaneous relationship between self-confidence, social identity, and peer conformity among junior high school students in Indonesian educational settings remain limited. Aims: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between self-confidence and social identity with peer conformity among students at SMP Negeri 2 Tanggulangin. Results: This quantitative correlational study involved 265 students selected using random sampling. Data were collected using validated Likert scales measuring self-confidence, social identity, and peer conformity, with reliability coefficients of 0.824, 0.799, and 0.906, respectively. Product Moment Pearson correlation and multiple correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between self-confidence and social identity with peer conformity, with a multiple correlation coefficient of R = 0.501 and significance level F Change < 0.05. The findings indicated a negative relationship, showing that higher levels of self-confidence and social identity were associated with lower peer conformity. Most participants were categorized in moderate levels across the three variables. Novelty: This study provides quantitative evidence demonstrating the combined relationship between self-confidence, social identity, and peer conformity among Indonesian junior high school adolescents. Implications: The findings highlight the importance of developing psychological and social identity competencies within school-based guidance programs to support adolescents’ adaptive social behavior. Highlights: Higher Psychological Assurance Corresponds With Reduced Adjustment to Group Behavioral Pressure. Strong Group Affiliation Demonstrates an Inverse Association With Behavioral Adaptation to Peers. Majority of Participants Demonstrated Moderate Levels Across Measured Psychosocial Variables. Keywords: Peer Conformity, Self Confidence, Social Identity, Adolescents, Correlational Study
Exposing Milk Adulteration in Iraq Markets: Menguak Pemalsuan Susu di Pasar Irak Azhar Lateef Jebur; Karar Saleh Abed; Amir Hilal Muhammad; Hussein Neama Hussein; Sura mohammed fatlawi
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.9222

Abstract

This study evaluated eighteen unflavored milk samples from local markets in Karbala, Diyala, Basra, Kirkuk, Wasit, and Babil, Iraq, to detect adulteration. Using total solids measurements, refractive index tests, and iodine starch tests, we aimed to assess milk quality. Except for sample No. 6, all samples tested negative for starch, indicating minimal thickening agent adulteration. However, samples 4, 5, 11, and 13 failed the refractive index test, suggesting water adulteration. These findings highlight the need for better monitoring and regulation to ensure milk purity and protect public health across different Iraqi regions. Highlights: Identified milk adulteration in six Iraqi governorates. Sample 6 tested positive for starch adulteration. Samples 4, 5, 11, 13 failed refractive index test. Keywords: milk adulteration, Iraqi markets, quality control, refractive index, starch test
The Study On Antioxidant And Anti-Inflammatory Effects Of Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin In Male Rats Receiving Indomethacin Ibrahim H. Muslim; Nadheerah F. Neamah; Falah H. Shari
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.9223

Abstract

Sodium copper chlorophyllin (SC-C) is widely used for its biological properties and color. This study evaluated SC-C's antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in male rats treated with indomethacin. Fifty rats were divided into five groups: control, indomethacin, rabeprazole, and two SC-C dosages (35 mg/kg and 70 mg/kg). Indomethacin reduced serum GPx levels, but rabeprazole and SC-C treatments restored them. MDA levels increased with indomethacin but normalized with other treatments. Indomethacin also lowered IL-10, IL-4, and TNF, which returned to normal in treated groups. Histopathology showed SC-C reversed liver damage from indomethacin. SC-C demonstrates strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent. Highlight: SC-C significantly restores serum GPx levels reduced by indomethacin. SC-C normalizes MDA, IL-10, IL-4, and TNF levels, countering oxidative stress. Histopathology shows SC-C reverses liver damage induced by indomethacin. Key wards: Sodium copper chlorophyllin, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, indomethacin, oxidative stress

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