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Academia Open
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27147444     DOI : 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.12985
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Academia Open is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo published 2 (two) issues per year (June and December). This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This journal aims is to provide a place for academics and practitioners to publish original research and review articles. The articles basically contains any topics research or review. Academia Open is available in online version. Language used in this journal is Indonesia or English.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,389 Documents
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Improving the Organizational Mechanisms of Domestic Tourism in The Socio-Economic Development of Regions as an Important Factor in Preserving the Environment: Memperbaiki Mekanisme Organisasi dalam Negeri Pariwisata dalam Pembangunan Sosial Ekonomi Daerah sebagai Faktor Penting dalam Melestarikan Lingkungan Hidup Firuz Zokhidov
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10476

Abstract

This article discusses the improvement of organizational mechanisms for domestic tourism in the socio-economic development of the regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It substantiates that organizing this process is an important factor in preserving the environment. In organizing these processes, international experience, legislation, and applied methods have been thoroughly studied. Recommendations are provided regarding improving the organizational mechanisms of domestic tourism in the regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan and preserving the environment. Highlights: Domestic tourism boosts socio-economic development in Uzbekistan regions. Environmental preservation requires effective tourism management and organization. International experience, laws, and methods improve tourism mechanisms. Key words: the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) introduced the ISO 14001 (EMS), in England, the BS 7750 Specification for Environmental Management Systems; in Canada, CAN/CSA Z750-94: Guidelines for an Environmental Management System; in the EU, EMAS; and the international “European Center of Ecological and Agrotourism” (ECEAT). ECEAT, “European Center of Ecological and Agrotourism” (ECEAT).
Theoretical Basis of Management of Detection and Regulation of Tax Violations in Business Entities: Dasar Teori Manajemen Pendeteksian dan Pengaturan Pelanggaran Pajak pada Badan Usaha Anvarjon Makhmudov
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10477

Abstract

This document presents the primary findings of scientific study about the development and enhancement of the tax system in our nation, as well as studies focused on preventing and rectifying tax infractions within the context of the ongoing priority economic reforms. The underlying causes of taxpayer evasion and tax avoidance influenced by infractions are examined comprehensively. The necessity to implement efficient procedures to prevent scenarios that diminish the economic impact of infractions, particularly with tax system management, and to provide a systematic approach for the use of these mechanisms is evident. Highlights: Tax system reforms focus on preventing tax evasion and avoidance issues. Comprehensive study highlights causes, impacts, and solutions for tax infractions. Efficient procedures proposed to improve tax management and minimize economic losses. Keywords: Tax management, tax offenses, tax evasion, tax base, management of tax relations, paperless goods, illegal currency, barter, regulations, tax administration
Bridging Gaps in Government Policies for Inclusive Education in Indonesia: Menjembatani Kesenjangan dalam Kebijakan Pemerintah untuk Pendidikan Inklusif di Indonesia Nyoman Suwarta; Ahmad Nurefendi Fradana; Dwi Astutiek; Agus Salim; Joko Susilo; Bambang Koesbandriyo
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10485

Abstract

Background: Inclusive education ensures equitable access for students with special needs, yet implementation in Indonesia faces challenges like limited resources, insufficient teacher training, and societal stigma. Knowledge Gap: While studies examine teacher attitudes and institutional challenges, the role of government policy remains underexplored. Aim: To analyze the implementation of government policies on inclusive education. Results: Qualitative analysis revealed gaps in training and funding, contrasting with successful policy instruments supporting inclusion. Novelty: This study identifies disparities between policy frameworks and their practical application. Implications: Collaborative efforts among stakeholders and enhanced cultural support are crucial for effective policy implementation and better educational outcomes. Highlights: Policy Implementation: Gaps exist between inclusive education policies and their practical application, particularly in teacher training and funding. Community Perspectives: Societal stigma toward students with special needs remains a critical barrier to inclusivity. Collaboration Required: A multi-stakeholder approach is essential to align policy objectives with ground-level execution and cultural integration. Keywords: Inclusive Education, Government Policy, Teacher Training, Societal Stigma, Resource Allocation
Statistical Study for the Estimators of Bayesian Analysis and Generalized Least Squares Method for the Parameters of the Multilevel Regression Model: Kajian Statistik untuk Estimator Analisis Bayesian dan Metode Kuadrat Terkecil Tergeneralisasi untuk Parameter Model Regresi Multilevel Ali M. Ali; Basheer Jameel Khaleel
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10488

Abstract

In this research, we dealt with the multilevel linear regression model, which is one of the most important models widely used and applied in analyzing data that is characterized by the fact that the observations in it take a hierarchical form. Two different methods were also applied to estimate the model parameters, namely the general least squares method and Bayesian analysis. A comparison was made between them and which is better in the estimation process through the Akaike information criterion and the Bayesian information criterion. It was found that the Bayesian analysis method is the most efficient in the estimation process. The Bayesian analysis method is the best method for estimating the parameters of a multilevel model (with two levels) for PMRM-2 panel data in general for any type of regression models for panel data and for different sample sizes. The method maintained the preference for estimation by adopting the AIC and BIC measures. This means that the Bayesian analysis method can be adopted for estimation in the applied aspect when estimating the parameters of a multilevel model (with two levels) for PMRM-2 panel data, such as wheat data in Some governorates of Iraq, according to the available time series extending from 2000 - 2021. Highlights: Multilevel regression applied for hierarchical data with two-level structure. Bayesian analysis outperformed generalized least squares using AIC and BIC measures. Study analyzed wheat data (2000–2021) in Iraq governorates effectively. Keywords: Multilevel Regression, Bayesian Analysis, Generalized Least Squares, AIC, BIC
Eco-Friendly Production of Iron Nanoparticles from Trigonella foenum-graecum Extract for Photo-Catalytic Methylene Blue Dye Degradation: Produksi Nanopartikel Besi Ramah Lingkungan dari Ekstrak Trigonella foenum-graecum untuk Degradasi Pewarna Metilen Biru secara Foto-Katalitik Ahmed Makki Sadaa; Ihab Assad Altameemi; Ali Zabon Salman; Bassam Ashoor Al Abdul Aziz; Zainab taha Al Abdullah
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10493

Abstract

The huge surface area, redox characteristics, and magnetic properties of iron nanoparticles make them special. Iron sulphate (FeSO4) was used as a precursor to create iron nanoparticles, while Trigonella foenum-graecum was used as a reducing agent. There are a few more plant substitutes. Trigonella foenum-graecum is preferred over other plants because it is non-toxic, possesses exceptional antioxidant qualities, and stays stable at 60 °C when disturbed. The UV-Vis spectra showed the surface plasmon band (SPB) for iron nanoparticle formation at 430 nm. Iron nanoparticles with sizes in the range ( 23–77) nm and 50 nm, respectively, were visible in the pictures from the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Methylene blue, a model substance for contaminated water, was broken down by the produced iron nanoparticles at a wavelength of 663 nm. Additionally, its deterioration was investigated to gauge the photocatalytic performance of the samples. These results showed that iron nanoparticles had a significant level of photocatalytic activity, reaching up to 56% in a one hour. Highlights: Iron nanoparticles: large surface, redox, magnetic, photocatalytic properties. Trigonella foenum-graecum: non-toxic, antioxidant, stable reducing agent. Photocatalytic activity: 56% methylene blue degradation in 1 hour Keywords: Degradation; Iron nanoparticle; Methylene blue dye; Water treatment
Thermodynamic Analysis of Activated Walnut Husks in the Adsorption of Iron (III) Ions from Aqueous Solutions: An Assessment of Feasibility and Sustainability: Analisis Termodinamika Sekam Kenari Teraktivasi dalam Adsorpsi Ion Besi (III) dari Larutan Berair: Penilaian Kelayakan dan Keberlanjutan Ihab. A. Altameemi; Ahmed Makki Sadaa
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10494

Abstract

This is the case of global water contamination phenomena for which an economic solution is necessary. Walnut husks have proved to be cost-effective alternatives in iron removal from aqueous solutions. A biosorption study of Fe(III) from aqueous solution using walnut husk powder pointed out that sorption capacity increased as the sorption temperature rose in accordance with various isotherm models. Thermodynamic study says that this is an endothermic process. That would then vindicate this study as showing the potential walnut husks, hence, can be used to efficiently remove heavy metals, which include iron, from water. Under the optimum condition, the maximum percentage removal was 93.28%. Observations during the experiment of the adsorbent showed high degrees of removal; at 25°C, pH=2, concentration = 100ppm, and weight=0.5g, the least percentage removal is up to 89.244 percent. Data shows that the regression coefficients give superiority to the Langmuir isotherm over the Freundlich model. Equilibrium data for the process were tested with the constants of Langmuir, and the constants of Freundlich were calculated. Further, thermodynamic experiments were carried out to ascertain the values of ΔS, ΔH, and ΔG for the adsorption of iron under optimized experimental conditions. Adsorption Capacity of Walnut Husks Powder for the Removal of Iron (Fe+3). Highlights: Walnut husks effectively remove iron from aqueous solutions (93.28% removal). Sorption capacity increases with temperature; Langmuir model fits best. Thermodynamic study confirms endothermic nature, with positive ΔH and ΔS. Keywords: Walnut husks, iron removal, biosorption, Langmuir isotherm, thermodynamic study
Activity of Ethanoic Extract of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Against Pathogenic E. coli and P. aeruginosa: Aktivitas Ekstrak Etanoat Jahe (Zingiber officinale) Terhadap E. coli dan P. aeruginosa Patogen Huda Natiq Faris; Riam Yousfe Muttair; Rawa Abdulkareem Abd
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10496

Abstract

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) extracts were tested for their antibacterial effectiveness in Thi-Qar province against harmful microorganisms including Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To prepare the plant materials for extraction with 95% ethanol, they were collected, cleaned, dried, and ground. The bactericidal activity of ginger extracts was tested using the agar well diffusion technique at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 70%, and 100% w/v. Independent sample t-tests and one-way analysis of variance were part of the statistical analysis. Strong antibacterial activity was shown at all concentrations (p < 0.05) in the data, with the highest effectiveness shown against both bacterial strains at 100% concentration. When it came to P. aeruginosa, ginger was more effective than E. coli. These results support the use of ginger in alternative treatments for bacterial diseases by highlighting its potential as a natural antibacterial agent Highlights: Ginger extracts show antibacterial effectiveness against E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Highest activity observed at 100% concentration using agar well diffusion technique. Highlights ginger's potential as a natural antibacterial alternative for bacterial diseases. Keywords: Walnut husks, iron removal, biosorption, Langmuir isotherm, thermodynamic study
Evaluation Of Bacterial Pathogens And Antimicrobial Resistance In Blood Isolates From Febrile Cases At Medical City Hospital In Baghdad: Evaluasi Patogen Bakteri Dan Resistensi Antimikroba Pada Isolat Darah Dari Kasus Demam Di Rumah Sakit Kota Medis Di Baghdad Huda Jihad G. Al-shattrawi
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10497

Abstract

Bacterial bloodstream infection is a critical public health issue due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for improving patient outcomes. This study aimed to identify the bacterial composition of bloodstream infections and their antibiotic resistance patterns at Medical City Hospital, Baghdad. A cross-sectional study of 462 fever-diagnosed individuals (244 females, 218 males) conducted from July 3 to September 24, 2024, found that 96 (20.8%) had culture-positive bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus (30.21%) was the most prevalent, followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci (26.04%), Escherichia coli (10.42%), Enterobacter cloacae (8.34%), Streptococcus pyogenes (7.29%), Citrobacter spp. (6.25%), and Klebsiella spp. (5.25%). Antibiotic resistance was high, particularly to oxacillin (95.63%), ampicillin (97.79%), and gentamicin (88.54%). Multidrug resistance was identified in 87.49% of bacterial isolates, with susceptibility to cefotaxime, azithromycin, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin. Notably, Gram-positive bacteria showed significant resistance to vancomycin and oxacillin (54.17%). These findings underscore the importance of routine susceptibility testing for pathogens and antibiotics to prevent the spread of resistant bacterial infections and guide effective treatment strategies. Highlights: Identify bloodstream infection bacteria, analyze antibiotic resistance patterns. 20.8% culture-positive; Staphylococcus aureus most prevalent; high resistance. Multidrug resistance prevalent; emphasize susceptibility testing to manage resistance. Keywords: Bloodstream infections, Antimicrobial resistance, Multidrug, Cross-sectional research, Microbiological analysis
Knowledge of Mothers Regarding Immunization of One-Year-Old Child at Primary Health Care Centers in Al- Diwaniyah City: Pengetahuan Ibu Mengenai Imunisasi Anak Usia Satu Tahun di Puskesmas di Kota Al- Diwaniyah Sajida Khamees Abdullah
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10498

Abstract

This study assessed mothers' knowledge about immunization and the factors influencing it through a descriptive study conducted from April to November 2020 on 160 randomly selected women in Diwaniyah. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic, social, and economic data, as well as awareness of vaccine-preventable diseases and vaccination records from 10 primary healthcare centers. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 with descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Results showed that 52.5% of mothers had moderate knowledge about mandatory vaccinations, while a quarter had low knowledge, indicating a significant lack of awareness. Factors such as age, education level, and marital status greatly influenced their knowledge, with younger and less-educated mothers showing lower awareness. The study recommends awareness campaigns, distribution of informative materials, and intensified vaccination efforts for healthcare workers to address dropouts. Highlights: Assess mothers' knowledge of immunization and influencing factors. Descriptive study, 160 participants, questionnaire, SPSS analysis. Moderate knowledge, influenced by age and education; recommend awareness campaigns. Keywords: Mothers' Knowledge, Immunization of One-Year-Old
Relationship Coagulation Indicator with Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in Diabetes Mellitus Disease: Hubungan Indikator Koagulasi dengan Hiperglikemia dan Hiperlipidemia pada Penyakit Diabetes Melitus Wisam Abdan Wawi AL Abdullah
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10499

Abstract

Metabolism dysfunction including hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetes mellitus case are crucial factors in developing vascular diseases, platelet activation and hypercoagutable state. Increasing coagulation factors and hypercoagulability were reported in diabetes mellitus patients which due to increase of coagulation factors that resulted in prothrombotic state and extension of thrombolytic lysis in diabetes patients. Thus, this works amid to exam the association between coagulation index's with hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in diabetes mellitus patients. FBG, HbA1c, PT, APTT, INR, D-dimer, platelets and MPV values were showed significant increase in diabetic's patients compared with their levels of healthy. Lipids profiles, AIP and TC/HDL ratio were found significantly higher in patients they were suffering from diabetic. Person correlation analysis presented a strong association between prothrombin time and (FBG, PLT, TC and LDL). MPV and AIP were a moderate positive correlate with prothrombin time. Prothrombin time was a weak correlated with HbA1c, TG, HDL and TC/HDL ratio. However, D-dimer and VLDL were negatively associated with prothrombin time. APTT value presented a strong positive association with FBG and LDL, a moderate positive relationship with AIP and TC/HLD. There was a weak positive association between APTT value HbA1c, D-dimer, PLT, MPV, TC and HDL. However, TG and VLDL were negatively correlated with APTT value. Highlights: Metabolic Dysfunction: Hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia increase coagulation factors in diabetes. Key Findings: Significant rise in PT, APTT, D-dimer, lipid profiles, and MPV. Correlations: Prothrombin time associates strongly with FBG, PLT, TC, and LDL. Keywords: diabetes, Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin, atherogenic index of plasma, coagulation factors

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