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Academia Open
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27147444     DOI : 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.12985
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Academia Open is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo published 2 (two) issues per year (June and December). This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This journal aims is to provide a place for academics and practitioners to publish original research and review articles. The articles basically contains any topics research or review. Academia Open is available in online version. Language used in this journal is Indonesia or English.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,389 Documents
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Evolving Legal Responsibilities and Challenges in Prosecuting Cybercrime Across Jurisdictions: Tanggung Jawab Hukum yang Berkembang dan Tantangan dalam Menindak Kejahatan Dunia Maya di Seluruh Yurisdiksi Riyadh Hussain Taqi
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10842

Abstract

General Background: In the digital age, cybercrime has emerged as a sophisticated and transnational threat, endangering global security, economic stability, and individual privacy. Specific Background: The rapid evolution of cyber-offenses challenges traditional legal frameworks, particularly in defining liability and proving criminal intent in virtual environments. Knowledge Gap: Despite ongoing reforms, there is limited clarity on how legal systems conceptualize and apply core criminal law principles such as actus reus and mens rea to cybercrime, particularly across diverse jurisdictions. Aims: This study investigates the evolving definitions of criminal responsibility in cybercrime, analyzes the adaptation of legal systems to digital threats, and explores the evidentiary challenges in proving guilt within cyberspace. Results: The findings confirm that while actus reus and mens rea remain applicable, their interpretation in digital contexts becomes significantly complex. Key challenges include jurisdictional disputes, offender anonymity, and digital evidence admissibility. Novelty: Through doctrinal and comparative legal research, this study presents a multi-jurisdictional analysis spanning the U.S., E.U., Asia, and the Middle East, offering a comprehensive perspective on legal convergence in addressing cybercrime. Implications: Legal systems must innovate by enacting precise cybercrime statutes, investing in digital forensic capabilities, enhancing professional education, and fostering global legal harmonization to ensure effective cyber justice. Highlights: Redefining Crime Elements: Adapting actus reus and mens rea digitally. Legal Reform Needed: Update laws, boost digital investigation capacity. Global Coordination Required: Harmonize international laws for cybercrime enforcement. Keywords: Cybercrime, Criminal Responsibility, Digital Evidence, Comparative Law, Legal Reform
Alternative Sanctions in Criminal Justice: A Comparative Legal Study: Sanksi Alternatif dalam Peradilan Pidana: Sebuah Studi Perbandingan Hukum Riyadh Hussain Taqi
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10848

Abstract

General Background: Modern criminal justice systems are increasingly shifting toward alternative sanctions to incarceration, responding to the humanitarian, social, and economic burdens of traditional punitive measures. Specific Background: Overcrowded prisons, escalating costs, and rising crime rates highlight the inefficiency of imprisonment-centered policies. Knowledge Gap: Despite international recognition of alternatives, there remains limited comparative research on their effectiveness, legal structures, and practical implementation across diverse legal systems. Aims: This study investigates the legal frameworks, enforcement mechanisms, and operational challenges of alternative sanctions—including community service, house arrest, electronic monitoring, fines, and rehabilitation—across four countries: France, the United States, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt. Results: The findings reveal variations in the success of alternative sanctions based on legislative support, enforcement resources, and public acceptance. Strong institutional backing and legal clarity are key to effective implementation. Novelty: By combining descriptive and comparative analyses using legal texts, judicial decisions, human rights reports, and academic literature, the study uniquely synthesizes multi-jurisdictional insights on non-custodial sanctions. Implications: The research advocates for reinforced legal infrastructures, capacity-building within enforcement bodies, and public awareness campaigns to ensure sustainable application of humane and cost-effective alternatives to imprisonment. Highlights: Shift from prison to humane alternative sanctions Comparative study of four legal systems Emphasizes law, enforcement, and public awareness Keywords: Alternative sanctions, criminal justice, imprisonment, legal systems, rehabilitation
PASH-BRAINS: Psychometric Validation of an Instrument Integrating Neurobiological and Spiritual Dimensions of Executive Function Taufiq Frederik Pasiak; Margarita Maria Maramis; Dandy Aulya; Fajar Saputra Tubagus; Mevlana Muh Avicenna; Dwi Arwandi Yogi Saputra
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10850

Abstract

While spirituality has increasingly been recognized as a vital component of holistic health, the scientific measurement of its neurobiological underpinnings remains underdeveloped. This study aims to test the construct validity of an innovative instrument measuring both Conventional Executive Function (CEF) and Transcendental Executive Function (TEF) using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Data were collected from 795 ethnically and religiously diverse participants across five Indonesian cities. Results revealed strong construct validity, with 88% of items demonstrating adequate factor loadings (≥0.4). The TEF dimensions had better measurement qualities, showing excellent fit with the model (RMSEA=0.020, CFI=0.999, TLI=0.999, SRMR=0.010) than the CEF dimensions. The Transcendence (0.315-0.925), Decision Making (0.642-0.857), and Meaning of Life (0.596-0.948) dimensions showed very strong relationships, which supports the idea that spiritual and transcendent thinking is linked to measurable brain activity. These findings question the usual separation between rationality and spirituality, indicating that both are connected parts of how the brain works, which affects mental health treatments, psychospiritual evaluations, and our understanding of the connections between mind, brain, and spirit.
e-HRM Strengthens Service Quality in Iraqi Government Banking Sector: e-HRM Memperkuat Kualitas Layanan di Sektor Perbankan Pemerintah Irak Jwan Fadel Mahdi; Saadia Haief Kadhum
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10859

Abstract

General Background: The digital era has compelled government institutions, including banks, to adopt innovative technologies to enhance service delivery. Specific Background: Among these innovations, Electronic Human Resource Management (e-HRM) plays a critical role in improving internal efficiency and customer satisfaction. Knowledge Gap: Despite its growing global relevance, empirical studies on the impact of e-HRM on service quality in Iraqi government banks remain limited. Aims: This study investigates the relationship between e-HRM implementation and the quality of banking services at the Iraqi Bank of Commerce, Rasheed Bank, Rafidain Bank, and Nahrin Islamic Bank. Results: The findings reveal that e-HRM significantly contributes to service quality through improved employee performance, accuracy, administrative efficiency, and customer satisfaction. Electronic training programs, streamlined HR functions, and reduced processing time emerged as key enablers. Novelty: This study offers a focused analysis within the Iraqi public banking sector, diverging from general approaches by directly connecting e-HRM functions to measurable service outcomes. Implications: The results suggest that adopting modern HR technologies and fostering a digital transformation culture can enhance banking competitiveness and customer trust, providing a strategic advantage for public financial institutions in developing economies. Highlights: e-HRM improves efficiency, accuracy, and service quality. Focus on Iraqi government banks’ digital HR adoption. Recommends training and tech investment for better services. Keywords: e-HRM, service quality, government banks, digital transformation, employee performance
Psikoedukasi Peningkatan Kontrol Diri untuk Mengurangi Kecanduan Internet pada Siswa SMP: Psychoeducation to Improve Self-Control to Reduce Internet Addiction in Junior High School Students Mutiara Shafiya Irawan; Zaki Nur Fahmawati
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10860

Abstract

General Background: Internet use among adolescents has increased significantly, raising concerns about internet addiction and its psychological consequences. Specific Background: Students at SMP Negeri 1 Jabon showed patterns of excessive internet use associated with low self-control, indicating the need for structured intervention within the school setting. Knowledge Gap: Although prior studies have established a relationship between self-control and internet addiction, empirical evidence examining school-based psychoeducation programs targeting self-control improvement remains limited in this specific context. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate whether psychoeducation focused on self-control was associated with changes in students’ internet addiction levels. Results: Using a pretest-posttest design, statistical analysis revealed significant differences between pre-intervention and post-intervention scores, indicating increased self-control and decreased internet addiction tendencies after program implementation. Novelty: The study provides contextual empirical findings from a structured psychoeducational intervention conducted directly within a junior high school environment using quantitative evaluation. Implications: These findings support the integration of preventive psychoeducation programs in schools to promote healthier digital behavior and strengthen adolescents’ regulatory capacity in managing internet use. Keywords: Self Control, Internet Addiction, Psychoeducation, Adolescents, Pretest Posttest Design Key Findings Highlights: Statistical comparison demonstrated significant score differences after intervention delivery. Program implementation within junior high school setting showed measurable behavioral change. Quantitative evaluation confirmed reduction in excessive online usage tendencies.
Assessing Export Potential: A Comprehensive Methodology for Economic Sectors: Menilai Potensi Ekspor: Metodologi Komprehensif untuk Sektor-sektor Ekonomi Tuktabek Jumaboyevich Rahkimov
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10861

Abstract

General Background: The export potential of economic sectors plays a crucial role in assessing the competitiveness of enterprises in the global market. Specific Background: Current methodologies for evaluating export potential are divided into simple quantitative and complex multi-criteria methods, each with distinct advantages and challenges. Knowledge Gap: However, no existing approach fully integrates the various factors influencing exports with the outcomes of export activities, and production characteristics are often overlooked in the evaluation process. Aims: This study aims to improve the theoretical and methodological approach to assessing the export potential of economic sectors, using the Khorezm region's enterprises as a case study. Results: The findings suggest that products may face significant limitations, which could either hinder or facilitate their entry into foreign markets, depending on the identified constraints. Novelty: The article proposes a comprehensive framework that combines statistical research, comparative analysis, and systematic methods to enhance the assessment of export potential. Implications: The study offers practical recommendations for policymakers and enterprises, emphasizing the need for more integrated approaches that account for both quantitative and qualitative factors in export potential evaluations. Highlights: Methods: Quantitative and expert-based approaches for export potential assessment. Framework: Combines statistical and systematic analysis for improved evaluation. Gap: Overlooks production features in export potential assessments. Keywords: Export potential, comparative assessment, economic sectors, methodology, international market
Psikoedukasi Peningkatan Penerimaan Orang Tua Terhadap Anak Penyandang Disabilitas Melalui Pola Asuh Positif: Psychoeducation on Enhancing Parental Acceptance of Children with Disabilities through Positive Parenting Elisa Dwi Anggraeni; Widyastuti
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10863

Abstract

General Background: Parents of children with disabilities frequently encounter psychological challenges that affect acceptance and caregiving practices. Specific Background: Limited parental understanding of positive parenting principles was identified at SLB Aisyiyah Porong through a preliminary community need assessment, indicating the necessity of structured psychoeducational intervention. Knowledge Gap: Although positive parenting and parental acceptance have been widely discussed, empirical evidence based on structured psychoeducation targeting parents of children with disabilities in this specific context remains limited. Aims: This study aimed to examine changes in parental understanding following a positive parenting psychoeducation program. Results: Using a pre-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test design involving parents of children with disabilities, statistical analysis with paired sample t-test revealed a significant increase in post-test scores compared to pre-test results, indicating improved understanding after the intervention. Novelty: This study provides contextual empirical evidence of positive parenting psychoeducation implemented within a special education school setting using structured assessment and statistical evaluation. Implications: The findings support the integration of systematic psychoeducation programs in special schools to strengthen parental awareness and acceptance in raising children with disabilities, contributing to family-based developmental support practices. Keywords: Positive Parenting, Parental Acceptance, Psychoeducation, Children with Disabilities, Pre Experimental Design Key Findings Highlights: Structured educational sessions led to measurable score improvement between pretest and posttest. Statistical testing confirmed significant change after intervention delivery. Program implementation within special school context demonstrated contextual feasibility.
High-Yield Cellulose Hydrolysis Using Silica-Amino Methanesulfonic Acid Catalyst: Hidrolisis Selulosa Hasil Tinggi Menggunakan Katalis Asam Metanesulfonat Silika-Amino Hussein Apdel Bari Zuwaid
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10869

Abstract

General Background: The increasing demand for sustainable energy sources has driven interest in replacing fossil fuels with biofuels. Specific Background: Second-generation bio-refining technologies utilizing lignocellulosic biomass offer a promising path toward environmentally and economically viable biofuel production. Knowledge Gap: However, efficient catalytic systems for cellulose hydrolysis under mild conditions remain limited. Aims: This study aims to synthesize and evaluate a heterogeneous catalyst, Silica-Amino methanesulfonic acid, for effective cellulose hydrolysis into glucose. Results: The catalyst, synthesized via one-pot and reflux methods, achieved up to 88% hydrolysis yield at 130 °C within 6 hours. The one-pot method yielded a 4.2 g catalyst with slightly superior activity. Optimal conditions were determined as 0.1 g catalyst mass and 130 °C. Solvent screening revealed that DMF/LiCl and Cyclohexanol/LiCl mixtures were most effective. Novelty: The direct (one-pot) synthesis method produced a catalyst with comparable or superior performance to traditional reflux methods, highlighting a more efficient and scalable approach. Implications: These findings demonstrate the potential of Silica-Amino methanesulfonic acid as a robust and reusable catalyst for bio-refining processes, contributing to the advancement of green chemistry and sustainable fuel alternatives. Highlights: Catalyst achieved 88% glucose yield from cellulose. One-pot synthesis more efficient than reflux. DMF/LiCl best solvent for hydrolysis process. Keywords: Biofuels, Cellulose Hydrolysis, Heterogeneous Catalyst, Silica-Amino Methanesulfonic Acid, Lignocellulosic Biomass
ABO Blood Groups Associated with Cancer Type Distribution in Iraqi Patients: Golongan Darah ABO Terkait dengan Distribusi Jenis Kanker pada Pasien Irak Nabeel Hamdulla Aziz Al-Fahadi; Ahmad Hazim Najim; Mustafa Abd-Ameer; Yusouf Osama
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10872

Abstract

Background: Cancer remains a major global health challenge, characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells. Specific Background: Emerging research suggests that ABO blood types may influence individual susceptibility to various cancers through immunological mechanisms. Knowledge Gap: However, limited studies have investigated the distribution and association of ABO blood groups with specific cancer types in the Iraqi population. Aim: This study aims to examine the relationship between ABO blood types and cancer risk among patients in Mosul, Iraq. Results: Data from 317 cancer patients revealed that blood group O was most prevalent among individuals with breast and colon cancer, while blood group A showed higher frequencies in lung and stomach cancers. Among leukemia cases, type O was predominant, especially in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Novelty: This study is one of the first in Iraq to explore the correlation between ABO blood groups and a spectrum of malignancies, providing region-specific insights into cancer epidemiology. Implications: Findings support the potential role of blood type as a biomarker for cancer susceptibility, offering a foundation for risk-based screening and personalized intervention strategies. Further genetic and longitudinal studies are warranted to clarify underlying mechanisms and enhance cancer prevention efforts. Highlights: Blood type O linked to breast and colon cancer cases. Type A more common in lung and stomach cancer. ABO typing aids early cancer risk identification. Keywords: ABO blood group, cancer risk, leukemia, tumor classification, personalized medicine
Pragmatic Challenges in Politeness Expressions Among Iraqi EFL Students: Tantangan Pragmatis dalam Ekspresi Kesopanan di Kalangan Mahasiswa EFL Irak Al'aa Ali Hasan
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10873

Abstract

General Background: The ability to use politeness expressions effectively in a second language is a crucial component of communicative competence. Specific Background: Recent studies have highlighted challenges language learners face in expressing themselves appropriately in different cultural contexts. Knowledge Gap: Despite the importance of pragmatic competence, there is a lack of research on how Iraqi university students, learning English as a foreign language (IEFL), navigate politeness phrases in real-life situations. Aims: This study aims to examine the pragmatic realization of politeness expressions such as requests, refusals, apologies, offers, and gratitude among IEFL students. Results: Using Discourse Completion Tests (DCTs), the study found that Iraqi students face significant challenges in pragmalinguistic realization of politeness expressions compared to American native speakers. Cultural differences were identified as a key factor contributing to these challenges, with Iraqi students often using expressions considered impolite in English-speaking cultures. Novelty: This study contributes new insights into the pragmatic difficulties faced by IEFL students in Iraqi cultural contexts. Implications: The findings suggest that language teaching should focus on developing pragmatic competence by providing contextual and culturally relevant teaching methods, helping students navigate speech conventions more effectively. Highlights: Pragmalinguistic challenges: Iraqi students struggle with polite English expressions. Cultural influence: Cultural differences affect polite expression use. Teaching implications: Focus on pragmatic competence in language education. Keywords: pragmatics, politeness expressions, English as a foreign language, cultural differences, communicative competence

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