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Review: Functions and Mechanism of Biochemical Markers in The Monitoring of Covid-19 Patients Umaru, Isaac John; Yakubu, Kaka Garpiya; Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3485

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARSCoV-2 virus, which has given rise to a global sanitary emergency. The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 are varied and can range from an asymptomatic infection to a mild to severe pneumonia. Recent studies have shown that different laboratory parameters become altered in these patients, and as such are useful as biomarkers to assess the progression of the disease and categorize patients that may present a severe and/or fatal clinical condition. This review analyzes biochemical and immunological markers that become altered in COVID-19 patients and their impact on different organs at a hepatic, cardiac, renal and pancreatic level, as well as markers of inflammation, analyzing their implications in the evolution of the disease.

Antioxidant Activities and FT-IR of Azanza garckeana Leaves Extracts Magaji, Peace Asaph; Muhammad, Aminu; Shadrach, Philip
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3486

The objective of this study is to eval_uate the antioxidant activities of three extracts of Azanza garckeana leaves. Azanza garckeana fruits, seeds and roots have been reported to cure cough, liver disorders, abscess, diabetes, infertility and mental sickness. Natural antioxidants found in plants help to reduce oxidative stress in the body that lead to variety of health issues, including heart disease, diabetes, muscular degeneration, and cancer. The antioxidant activities of Azanza garckeana leaves extracts were determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) Methods. Azanza garckeana leaves were extracted with three solvents of increasing polarity of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol and their antioxidant properties were tested. DPPH results showed that methanol and ethyl acetate extracts have excellent antioxidant activities when compared with the standard oxalic acid. Methanol has the highest antioxidant activity, followed by ethyl acetate and then n-hexane extract with IC50 values of 1.17µg/ml, 2.23µg/ml and 17.83µg/ml, respectively. Ferric reducing antioxidant power also indicated that ethyl acetate and methanol extracts have higher reducing power than n-hexane extract when compared with ascorbic acid (AA). This may be as a result of higher concentrations of flavonoid and phenol in the extracts. The leaves extracts of Azanza garckeana contains potent antioxidant agents supporting its folkloric uses in the treatment of diseases.

Ameliorative Effects of Stem bark Extract of Pterocarpus erinaceus on Indomethacin-induced Ulcer Umaru, Isaac John; Olawale, Otitoju; Okoli, Emmanuel Chikodiri; Tensaba, Akafa Andes; Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac; Istifanus, Dafup Kadel; Umahi, David
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3487

Pterocarpus erinaceus serve as a medicinal plant to many populations of Nigeria and West Africa. The stem bark, leaves, and root bark have been studied for their antioxidant, antimalaria, antiulcerogenic, and antibacterial properties. The study examined the anti-ulcerogenic properties of Pterocarpus erinaceus stem bark extracts in albino rats with indomethacin-induced ulcers and hepatic biochemical changes. The anti-ulcer effect was determined by histopathological examination of ulcerated rats treated with the stem bark extracts in a period of 14-days. The three extracts did not cause elevation of key liver biomarkers such as AST, ALT, and ALP. Hence are considered not non-toxic at the dose and duration given. The leaf extract exhibited anti-ulcer effect at 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg.

Effect of Diphenyl Diselenide on Blood Glucose Level and Hepatic Indices in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats Morayo, Ale Ebenezer; Umaru, Isaac John; Istifanus, Dafup Katdel
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3630

Diphenyl diselenide (DPDS) is an organoselenium compound that exhibits multi-pharmacological activities owing to its glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) mimicry. Herein, the effect of DPDS on blood sugar and hepatic indices in alloxan-induced diabetic wistar rats was investigated. Twenty albino rats were distributed into four groups: A was the normal control and recieved distilled water only, B was the negative control and recieved alloxan, C was the tested group and received alloxan with DPDS treatment, and D was the positive control and recieved alloxan with glibenclamide (standard andtidiabetic drug). Rats were induced with alloxan, and treated for 14 days. Animals weight and blood glucose level were measured, and on the last day, animals were sacrificed and blood was collected for the liver function analysis. Result revealed that alloxan administration led to a marked (p<0.05) fall in weights, but weight loss was reversed upon DPDS treatment. In addition, there was a profound (p<0.05) increase in blood glucose level of alloxan-treated rats. Nonetheless, treatment with DPDS exerted marked (P< 0.05) decrease in blood glucose level across day 7 and 14. Furthermore, the activities of serum hepatic enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were markedly (p<0.05) increased with concomitant reduction in the levels of total protein, albumin and globulin, but be that as it may, treatment with DPDS restored normalcy to the hepatic abnormalities and this effect was comparable to the standard drug. DPDS could therefore be suggested for future development of novel drug for diabetes and diabetes related complications.

Bifenthrin Causes Kidney Damage via Induction of Oxidative Stress, Activation of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines, and Up-Regulation of Apoptosis in Wistar Rats Ujong, Ujong Peter; Ibor, Mbang Edet
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3654

This study investigated the role of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in bifenthrin-induced kidney damage in Wistar rat models. Adult male rats (110-300g) were divided into three groups of 10 rats each. Group 1 served as the normal control, while groups 2-3 were orally given 1 mg/ kg body weight bifenthrin for 14 and 28 days respectively. The results revealed that bifenthrin administration caused a significant (p<0.05) decrease in renal antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase. Conversely, malondialdehyde levels were significantly (p<0.05) increased. Pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL1-β, IL-6, COX-2, iNOS, LTE B4, and PGE2 were significantly (p<0.05) elevated, highlighting an inflammatory response. Additionally, the apoptotic markers, caspase-3, and BAX were significantly (p<0.05) increased, while BCL-2, an anti-apoptotic protein, was significantly (p<0.05) decreased, indicating enhanced apoptosis. Renal function markers, creatinine, and urea were also significantly (p<0.05) elevated in bifenthrin-induced groups. Furthermore, the histopathology results revealed morphological damages in the kidneys of groups 2 and 3 animals These findings demonstrate bifenthrin's potential to cause significant oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and structural damage in renal tissues.

A Review: Role of Aldosterone in Hypertension Audu, Jankada Patience; Chikata, Ezugwu Hilary; Ipav, Selumun Solomon; Umaru, Isaac John; Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko; Istifanus, Dafup Katdel
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3663

In Western societies, hypertension affects up to 20% of the population, making it a significant public health concern. The rates of blood pressure control remain unsatisfactory despite advancements in treatment. Since hypertension is a complex disorder, there is rarely a single, obvious cause identified for so-called "essential" hypertension. The primary mineralocorticoid in humans, aldosterone is increasingly understood to contribute significantly to cardiovascular morbidity. Its role in hypertension has also been examined in view of recent research suggesting that up to 15% of hypertensive individuals exhibit a key phenotype of increased aldosterone biosynthesis, as indicated by an elevated aldosterone to renin ratio. Excessive production or activity of mineralocorticoids is a significant contributing factor to secondary hypertension. Humans' basic mineralocorticoid is aldosterone, and when an aldosterone-secreting adenoma (Conns tumour) is linked to primary aldosterone excess, it can be surgically treated. Although primary aldosteronism was once thought to be rare, recent studies have reported preval_ence rates of up to 20% among hypertensive patients. This reflects the increasing use of the plasma aldosterone concentration to renin activity ratio (ARR), which is a proxy for angiotensin II, the major trophic substance regulating aldosterone secretion. Traditionally, patients with Conns tumour present with spontaneous hypokalaemia and have a relative excess of aldosterone production with suppression of plasma levels of renin (a proxy for angiotensin II, the major trophic substance regulating aldosterone secretion).

The Comparative Suitability of Different Solvents Used in the Fractionation of Methanol Leaf Extract of Persea americana Mill: An in Vitro Studies Yakubu, Ojochenemi E.; Otitoju, Olawale; Danjuma, Janya; Maianguwa, dulrashid Dauda; Umaru, Isaac John; Oladele, Gloria Omonefe
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3664

This research investigated the suitability of various solvents used in the fractionation of methanol leaf extract of P. americana to ascertain the flavonoid, vitamin and amino acid profile of the fractions. It has been demonstrated that a number of Persea americana plant components contain different phytochemicals associated with important biological function. Fresh leaves of P. americana were harvested from Baissa in Taraba State. The plant materials were air dried under shade at ambient temperature. The dried plant materials were pulverized to fine powder using mortar and pestle. The pulverized plant material was soaked in methanol for 72 hours for extraction. The extract was filtered using clean filter cloth and filter paper under reduced pressure. The filtrate was evaporated in in rotary evaporator and water bath to obtain the required concentrate. The extract was used to perform fractionation using separation funnel and solvents of different polarity such n-hexane, methanol and ethanol. Each of the fractions was used to analyze for flavonoid, vitamin and amino acid profile using HPLC. The result reveals that quercetin is present in each of the fractions. Caffeic acid phenyl ether was detected in diluted ethanol fraction, coumaric acid was identified in diluted n-hexane fraction, caffeic acid was identified in methanol fraction chlorogenic acid detected in n-hexane fraction. Vitamin K was identified in all the fractions, Vitamin B1 was identified in diluted ethanol fraction and n-hexane fraction while vitamin B9 was detected in diluted n-hexane fraction and n-hexane fraction. Vitamins B2 and B6 were identified in methanol fraction and diluted ethanol fraction respectively. The diluted ethanol fraction was seen to contain 8 different amino acids followed by the methanol fraction with 6, then the diluted n-hexane fraction with 3 and the n-hexane fraction with 2. This reveals that for isolation of amino acids, the ethanol fraction may be more suitable considering that the highest number of amino acids were found in it.

Determination of Mineral, Vitamin Content and Antioxidant Activity of Telfairia Occidentalis Seed Jabir, Abdulmumin; Siddan, Ahmad Alhassan; Dauda, Maianguwa Abdulrsashid; Umaru, Isaac John; Habibu, Bilyaminu; Oluwabunmi, Adeseye Helen; Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko; Istifanus, Dafup Katdel
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3665

Telfairia occidentalis, also known as fluted pumpkin, is a widely cultivated vegetable in West Africa with potential nutritional and health benefits. They serve to supplement the nutrients provided by cereals and tubers; however, there is lack of comprehensive compositional data regarding the mineral of fluted pumpkin seeds in Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the mineral, vitamin, and antioxidant properties of T. occidentalis seeds. The seeds were analyzed for their mineral content (calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, potassium, and sodium), vitamin content (vitamins A, C, and E), and antioxidant activity using standard analytical methods. The results showed that the seeds were rich in essential minerals, especially manganese; 573.01±0.39mg/kg, sodium; 525.02±0.91mg/kg, calcium; 297.06±1.05mg/kg, iron; 53.42±0.59mg/kg and zinc; 5.65±0.01mg/kg. The seeds exhibited potent antioxidant activity, as measured by various in vitro assays. The presence of vitamin E (35.54±0.47mg/kg), vitamin C (20.20±0.44mg/kg) and vitamin A (15.17±0.16mg/kg). The low levels of antioxidant activity ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.49±0.01) and hydrogen scavenging activity (1.20±0.01) makes the fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) safe for consumption. These findings suggest that T. occidentalis seeds could be a valuable source of nutrients and bioactive compounds with potential health-promoting properties. Further research is warranted to explore the nutritional and therapeutic applications of this underutilized seed crop.

Phytochemicals Screening, Minerals Composition and Proximate Analysis of Garlic (Allium sativum) Dauda, Maianguwa Abdulrsashid; Aliyu, Sulaiman Abubakar; Goje, Lazaru Joseph; Habibu, Bilyaminu; Joel, Emmanuel Askeb-nde; Umaru, Isaac John; Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko; Istifanus, Dafup Katdel
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3666

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a widely used medicinal plant with potential health benefits. The use of medicinal plants as remedies or medicine in prevention and treatment of several diseases was in place for many years. Garlic (Allium sativum) is among those plants because it possesses those characteristics. In this study, we investigated the phytochemical constituents, mineral composition, and proximate analysis of garlic. The qualitative phytochemicals screening of garlic ethanolic extract reveals the presence of Tannins, Alkaloid, Saponin, steroid, Glycosides, phenols and flavonoid while the quantitative shows that the extract composed of Alkaloid 10%, Saponin 5.30%, Tannin 4.10 µg/ml, Glycosides 4.40%, flavonoid 2.20%, phenols 3.14 µg/ml. The proximate analysis reveals that the garlic extract contains carbohydrate 65.84%, fiber 7.14%, fat 2.15%,ash 9.90%,moisture 7.58%, protein 7.30% The determination of some minerals composition in (mg/kg) reveals that the extract is composed of sodium(22mg/kg), potassium(531.5 mg/kg), zinc(7.1 mg/kg), copper(0.36 mg/kg), Iron(2.7 mg/kg), calcium(233 mg/kg) and magnesium(35.4 mg/kg) respectively were also detected, highlighting garlic's potential as a nutraceutical food supplement.. This research contributes valuable insights into the bioactive components of garlic, supporting its traditional use and potential health benefits. Further studies could explore its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and therapeutic properties.

Production and Characterisation of Peroxidase from Aspergillus terrens Isolated from Water Sample in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria Timothy, Mgbede; Abah, Moses Adondua; Ayo, Victoria Ifeoluwa; Ahmed, Maryam Usman; Oyibo, Okpanachi Nuhu; Ijeomah, Nkechi Gift; Gbadebo, Adetoyi Moses; A, Ajala-Lawal R.; Najeeb, Aliyu Olamilekan; Morolake, Olabanji Martina; Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko; Istifanus, Dafup Katdel; Umaru, Isaac John
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3667

The use of biocatalysts like enzymes in the development of environmentally sustainable processes has been reported as an ecofriendly approach for the current bioeconomy. This research aimed at producing and characterizing peroxidase from Aspergillus terrens isolated from water sample in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria. Fungi species from surface water sample obtained in Federal University Wukari, Taraba Nigeria were isolated through serial dilution of peptone water and was cultured in a room temperature in different petri dishes using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). A portion of the fungi growth chosen from the best growth of cultured water sample were cut and transferred into the 250 Erlenmeyer flask each containing an acceptable proportion of phosphate buffer, pH 6.0. The screening for peroxidase production was aseptically performed on a plate by inoculating the fermented medium with azur B dye. The appearance of a clear zone indicated a positive result for peroxidase activity. The incubation of the peroxidase enzyme was conducted over eleven days, with the highest enzyme yield observed on the eighth day. The results obtained in this study showed that the effect of pH on peroxidase activity was studied, revealing that the optimum pH for enzyme activity was 7.5. Peroxidase activity was lowest at pH 1. Temperature variation studies showed that the optimum temperature for peroxidase activity was 30°C. Peroxidase activity changed as substrate concentration was varied. Peroxidase activity was revealed to be highest at substrate concentration 1.9 mM. The kinetic parameters for peroxidase were investigated to be: Vmax = 10.57082; Km = 0.244186. The evidence presented in this research has shown that peroxidase can be produced in mass by using of white rot fungi from/around our surroundings and can be explored as a cheap source of peroxidase for industrial and biotechnological purposes. In conclusion, producing peroxidase from local isolates presents an eco-friendly and affordable alternative for industrial applications, contributing to environmental sustainability and public health.

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M. Irwan Hadi

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Kab. lombok timur,

Nusa tenggara barat

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

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Abstract

Abstract

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Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name M. Irwan Hadi

Contact Email office@yasin-alsys.org

Phone +6285799379817

Journal Mail Official -

Editorial Address -

Location Kab. lombok timur, Nusa tenggara barat INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
M. Irwan Hadi

Contact Email
office@yasin-alsys.org

Phone
+6285799379817

Journal Mail Official
-

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kab. lombok timur,

Nusa tenggara barat

INDONESIA