Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Antimycobacterial Activity of Newbouldia laevis Root and Stem Bark Extracts: In Vitro Evaluation and Phytochemical Composition Zarto, Saleem Sule; Abdul, Sa'ad Sabri; Kpesibe, Joseph F.; Barau, Saminu Hamman
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3311

This present study aimed to determine the phytochemical screening, antimicrobial and anti-tuberculosis activity of the root and stem bark of methanol extracts of the N. laevis plant from Gashaka Gumti national park of Taraba state. Phytochemical screening was carried out using standard methods. For the two extracts obtained from the root and stem bark which revealed the presence of all except cardiac glycosides and quinones in the root, while all were the stem bark extracts. The Anti-bacterial assay was carried out using Agar-well diffusion technique. The highest zone of inhibition for the root crude extract of E. coli was (18mm) and its lowest zone of inhibition was (2mm), the highest zone of inhibition of Stap. A was (22mm) and the lowest was (8mm), the highest zone of inhibition of Bacillus cereus (22mm) and its lowest was (10mm). Salmonella typhii had the highest zone of inhibition for the root extract at (24mm) and its lowest at (4mm). The highest zone of inhibition for stem bark crude extract of E. coli was (12mm) and its lowest zone of inhibition was (5mm), the highest zone of inhibition of Stap. A was (13mm) and the lowest was (6mm), the highest zone of inhibition of Salmonella typhii was (18mm) and its lowest was (18mm),the highest zone of inhibition of Bacillus cereus (12mm) and its lowest was (4mm). The anti- tuberculosis assay was carried out using Broth micro dilution method. The result concerning the mycobacterium TB (anti-tuberculosis) of the root and stem bark crude extract of N. laevis plants inhibit the growth of bacterium with inhibitory zone within the range 6-16mm. This study reveals that the methanolic crude extract of N. laevis root and stembark can be utilized as a potential anti-tuberculosis (TB) drug for novel discovery.

Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity and Toxicity Effects of Newbouldia Stem Bark Extract Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac; Umaru, Isaac John; Tansaba, Akafa Andes; Nanmar, Chakfa; Ugoeze, Egeonu Stephen
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3350

Newbouldia leavis is a boundary tree. it is a medium size angiosperm which belongs to the Bignoniaceae family. It is a fast-growing evergreen shrub or small tree. This study was carried out to investigate antibacterial activity of the methanol extract of Newbouldia stem bark. The antibacterial activity of the methanol extracts was determined by the agar well diffusion method. Three standard bacterial strains: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were used for the antibacterial assay. Result of screening plant extracts for antibacterial activity showed that most of the organisms were sensitive to the extract. The antibacterial test utilizing well diffusion assay showed that Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible to the plant extract compared to Gram-negative bacteria. This study supports the use of Newboulda leavis in traditional medicine as well as highlights the need to further explore the potentials of the plant extract as antibacterial agent.

Hypoglycemic Potentials of Newbouldia laevis Stem Bark Extract in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats Umaru, Isaac John; Chisom, Gabriel Favour; Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac; Tansaba, Akafa Andes; Nanmar, Chakfa; Ugoeze, Egeonu Stephen
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3351

This study was carried out to investigate the antidiabetic of the methanol extract of Newbouldia stem bark and to determine its safety and toxicity. Alloxan (150 mg/kg) was administered to albino rats via the oral route. The diabetic rats were then placed in 6 groups, following stabilization of hyperglycemia. The first group was non-diabetic, the second and third group were the diabetic control. The next three groups received, each day, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of the methanol extract Newbouldia laevis and the second group received a reference standard, metformin (200mg/kg). Treatment was via the oral route for 14 days and fasting blood sugar level was monitored over this period. Acute toxicity (oral and intraperitoneal) studies on the extract was carried out. Blood glucose levels from day 1 to 14 days of treatment increased significantly (p <0.05) in all the treatment groups, except group 3 (positive control) which showed no significant difference compared to the normal control group. This study supports the use of Newbouldia laevis in traditional medicine as well as highlights the need to further explore the potentials of the plant extract as an antidiabetic.

Antibacterial and Antioxidant Capacity of Methanol Root Extract of Mangifera Indica Umaru, Isaac John; Ugbedeojo, Sule John; Tansaba, Akafa Andes; Nanmar, Chakfa; Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac; Ugoeze, Egeonu Stephen
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3352

Recent years have witnessed enhanced research work reported on plants and plant products. In this regard, plants with traditional therapeutic usage are being screened more efficiently to be considered as a substitution or as a better alternative agent for Human Pathogens. Antioxidant activity, antibacterial, antifungal properties, colour, phytochemical and FT-IR spectral analysis of flowers belonging to Hibiscus moscheutos was determined. Radical scavenging activity of sample extracts were determined based on the percent inhibition of DPPH and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Total phenolics were estimated based on the Folin–Ciocalteu method, while, vanillin–HCl and aluminum chloride methods were employed to estimate total tannins and flavonoids in the sample extracts, respectively. To determine total flavonols and anthocyanin contents, spectrophotometric method was employed. For antibacterial activities, modified agar disk diffusion method was adopted. Results: The crude extracts of hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol, extracts with concentration levels at 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/mL were shown to significantly affect the inhibition of bacterial selected. The presence of phytochemicals compounds possesses the high antibacterial activities of this crude extracts. This study proved that Mangifera Indica crude extracts could be useful for inhibiting the selected pathogens which has an antioxidant potential as well as a natural bacterial agent.

Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus Species on Toilet Seats in Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, North-Easthern Nigeria Briska, Joyce; Hammuel, Chrinius
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3353

Staphylococcus species are commensal bacteria and a major human pathogen that causes a wide variety of clinical manifestations. The most challenging feature of the Staphylococcus species bacterium is its rapid dissemination to humans and through toilet seats. The aim of this research is to assess for the presence of Staphylococcus species. A total of 20 toilet seat swab samples were obtained. The isolates were identified using biochemical techniques and were confirmed using microgen identification kits. A total of 16 (80%) isolates were identified as Staphylococcus species and 14 (87.5%) were identified as Staphylococcus aureus and 2(12.5%) as Staphylococcus epidermis. The antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out using Kirby Bauer antibiotic disk method. The prevalence of Staphylococcus species was 87.5% and 12.5% of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis respectively. Most of the isolates were resistant to Ceftazidime, Erythromycin, Gentamicin, Levofloxacin, and Azithromycin due to the over use of the drug making most organism develop mechanism of resistance and acquiring resistance against them. Rifampin was more effective to Staphylococcus aureus in this research. The multiple antibiotic indices indicates that 87.5% of 87.5%, 12.5% of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis and 12.5% Staphylococcus epidermidis had multiple antibiotic index greater 0.20. The presence of multi -drug resistant Staphylococcus species in this research emphasizes the need to formulate hygiene measures to prevent possible dissemination of Staphylococcus species and other transmissible pathogens to students and staff in the university.

Hepatocurative Effect of Methanol Extract of Newbouldia laevis Leaves in Alloxan-Induced Liver Damage in Albino Rats Umaru, Isaac John; Rebecca, Tsokwa Punarimam; Tansaba, Akafa Andes; Nanmar, Chakfa; Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac; Ugoeze, Egeonu Stephen; Danjuma, Tyem Lawal
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3354

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect (Hepatocurative and antibacterial potential) of Newboulda laevis leaves in alloxan-induced liver damage in Wister Albino Rats. The leaves of Newbouldia laevis was bought from a local market in Wukari, Taraba State. The leaves of Newbouldia laevis was chop and then pulverized into fine powder. The methanol crude extracts andthirty-two albino Wistar rats weighing 90-220 g was used for this research. Liver toxicity was induced in male rats by an intraperitoneal single dose of 150 mg/kg body weight. samples were subjected to biochemical estimation of liver function. The result showed a significant (p≤0.05) increase in serum AST level for group II (60.6 ± 1.12) which was administered high dose of Alloxan and serves as the negative control group, when compared to the normal control group I (35.09 ± 2.07) which only received feed and water. From the result described in table 4.0 above, it showed a significant (p≤0.05) increase in ALT level for group II (58.11 ± 0.42) negative control when compared with group I (20.00 ± 0.41) normal control. Group III (29.98 ± 0.12) which received standard drug showed a significant decrease in ALT which is a sign that there is some level of repair on the liver cells. Group IV (36.22 ± 0.s70), group V (30.00 ± 0.27) and group VI (29.99 ± 0.12) which received 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of Newbouldia laevis leaves extract respectively when compared with the negative control group II, showed a significant decrease in ALT level. There was a significant (p≤0.05) increase in ALP level for group II (255.80 ± 1.12) which received Alloxan when compared with the normal control group I (80.21 ± 0.44) providing evidence to support the increase in ALT and AST level in group II, suggestive of liver injury. The treatment groups III, VI, V and VI showed significant (p<0.05) difference, when compared to the negative control group. No significant (p<0.05) difference between group V and VII. It was deduced that the total protein for group II (10.95 ± 0.37) significantly (p<0.05) decreased when compared to the normal control group I (14.13 ± 0.55). This is because low levels of total protein in the blood can occur because of impaired function of the liver. Administration of Newbouldia laevis leaves extract significantly (p<0.05) elevated total protein levels for group IV (10.99 ± 0.41), V (12.76 ± 0.41) and VI (12.98 ± 0.58). Albumin being the most abundant protein in the blood, equally followed same pattern as total protein, with Albumin level of (10.83 ± 0.10), (6.13 ± 0.05), (9.82 ± 0.18) (6.75 ± 0.13), (7.99 ± 0.10) and (9.60 ± 0.13) for group I, II, III, IV, V and V respectively. Thus, emphasizing the potential of the extract as a source agent for medication for ailment and diseases.

Review: The Biochemistry of Love and Loving Onyinyechi, Nwachukwu Favour; Joseph, Ikwebe; Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac; Umaru, Isaac John
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3355

Human love is more complex than simple feedback mechanisms. Love create its own reality. The biology of love originates in primitive parts of the brain; the emotional core the human nervous system, that evolved long before the cerebral cortex. The brain of human ‘in love’ is flooded with sensations, often transmitted by the vagus nerve, creating much of what we experience as emotion. The modern cortex struggles to interpret the primal messages of love, and weaves a narrative around incoming visceral experiences, potentially reacting to that narrative rather than reality. The four functions of love include; Romantic love (erotic) love, Friendly love or Platonic love (Philia), Familial love (Storge) and Unconditional love (Agape). Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter released by the nerve cell. It’s mostly referred to as the master switch of the brain. Lust: Characterized by a strong desire for sexual gratification and is primarily driven by testosterone and oestrogen. Attraction: This stage involves intense romantic and sexual feelings, associated with dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Attachment: The final stage, involving long-term commitment and bonding, is influenced by oxytocin and vasopressin. The hypothalamus of the brain plays a big role in stimulating the production of sex hormones testosterones and oestrogen from the testes and ovaries. These chemicals are often stereotyped as being ‘male’ and ‘female’ respectively, both plays a role in men and women. Males produce forty to sixty times more of the testosterones. Testosterones increases the libido in male and female. The effect is less pronounced with oestrogen, but some woman report being more sexually motivated around the time the ovulate, when oestrogen levels are highest. Conclusions: Love is a complex neurobiological phenomenon, relying on trust and belief as well as brain reward activity.

Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts of Daniella oliveri Stem Bark on Selected Clinical Isolates Brown, Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye; Mohammed, Ikrimah Usman; Adam, Habiba Idris
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3465

The utilization of medicinal plants in therapy has gained popularity due to increased trust in herbal medicine, attributed to properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antipyretic effects conferred by phytochemicals present in them. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Daniella oliveri stem bark against clinical isolates. The sample was air dry at room temperature for 7 days. Exactly 400 g of the air dried samples was weighed and soaked in 1000 mL each of ethanol and water respectively for 72 hours and were extracted using decoction method. The ethanol and aqueous extracts of the bark of the Daniella oliveri was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp., Klebsiella pneumonia and Planococcus glaciei isolates. The ethanol extract of the bark was inhibitory against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp. and Klebsiella pneumonia with the highest zone of inhibition of 14±0.00 mm, 17±10.6 mm and 25±10.5 respectively, while the aqueous extracts of bark was active against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp. and Klebsiella pneumonia with zone of inhibition of 14±0.00 mm, 13±10.4 mm and 25±0.00 respectively. MICs ranged from 50 mg/mL to 25 mg/mL for ethanol and 100 mg/mL to 25 mg/mL for aqueous extracts, with no activity observed at 200 mg/mL. MBC results were observed at 100 mg/mL and 200 mg/mL for ethanol and aqueous extracts respectively. The study concluded that Daniella oliveri possesses significant antibacterial activities, supporting its traditional use. Further research is warranted to purify and utilize the active inhibitory substance as an alternative treatment for infections associated with the test organisms.

Occurrence of Salmonella and Shigella Species on Meat Contact Surfaces of Selected Butcher Shops in Wukari Metropolis, North-Eastern, Nigeria C, Hammuel; J, Briska
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3466

Bacterial contamination of meat occurs in different stages ranging from surfaces of slaughter house, during transportation and surfaces in the butchers’ shop such as tables, logs, hooks, weighing balances, aprons and knives and the clothes and hands of butchers. The aim of this research is to assess meat contact surfaces for Salmonella and Shigella species in selected butcher shops in Wukari. Samples were collected randomly using sterile swab sticks from 120 contact surfaces, including 60 samples from School gate, 60 samples from New market and 5 samples from Old market in selected butcher shops in Wukari. The samples were inoculated using the streak plate method onto prepared Salmonella-shigella agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Colonies were sub cultured to obtain pure colonies which were identified using biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion method after standardizing the inoculum using McFarland standards. The predominant bacterial isolate was Salmonella species (20.8%), while Shigella spp. (16.7%) was the least dominant bacterium. Salmonella spp. was 100% resistant to Ceporex, Augumentin, Peflacine, Ceftazidime. Shigella spp. was 100% resistant to Augumentin, Ceftazidime, Cetriaxone, and Ciprofloxacin. Both species had MRA index greater than 0.2. The results show high bacterial contamination on meat contact surfaces in Wukari, including Salmonella and Shigella, with high antibiotic resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Strict hygiene practices, including regular hand washing, use of gloves, and proper sanitation of meat contact surfaces, should be implemented and enforced.

Analysis of Heavy Metals Concentration and Its Impact on Hepatic Indexes in Clarias gariepinus from Ibi, Gidin-Dorowa, and Donga Rivers in Taraba State, Nigeria Asuelimen, Steve Osagie; Ale, Ebenezer Morayo; Umaru, Isaac John; Iheanacho, Chinedu Christian
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3467

Exposure to heavy metals, which are particularly detrimental to human health, has increased as a result of anthropogenic activities and modern industry. Increased levels of heavy metals in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) can be a good sign that human activity has contaminated an aquatic ecosystem. The study aimed to eval_uate the levels of heavy metals and their potential effects on hepatic indexes in Clarias gariepinus collected from three different rivers (Ibi, Donga, and Gindin Dorowa) in Taraba State, Nigeria. The fish samples were collected from the three different rivers during the dry season. The gills were removed from the fish and subjected to oven drying and grinding before being analyzed for heavy metal concentrations. Blood samples were also collected from the fish for liver biomarkers analysis. The heavy metal concentrations (specifically Pb, Cd, Zn, As, and Hg) were determined using Micro Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (MP-AES) and compared to the maximum levels specified by the World Health Organization (WHO). The results showed that zinc had the highest mean concentration in all three river samples. However, all heavy metal concentrations in the gills of the fish were found to be below the maximum allowed limits advised by standard bodies, indicating that the gills were safe for consumption. Also, the liver biomarker analysis showed higher levels of ALP, total bilirubin, and albumin activity in the fish from Gindin-Dorowa compared to Donga and Ibi. However, all liver biomarker values fell within the reference standards, indicating that the fish from the three rivers were free from heavy metal toxicity. In conclusion, the study suggests that the Clarias gariepinus samples from the three rivers in Taraba State, Nigeria, had concentrations of heavy metals within safe limits, as determined by the WHO. The liver biomarker analysis further supported the absence of heavy metal toxicity in the fish.

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name
M. Irwan Hadi

Contact Email
office@yasin-alsys.org

Phone
+6285799379817

Journal Mail Official
-

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kab. lombok timur,

Nusa tenggara barat

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name M. Irwan Hadi

Contact Email office@yasin-alsys.org

Phone +6285799379817

Journal Mail Official -

Editorial Address -

Location Kab. lombok timur, Nusa tenggara barat INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
M. Irwan Hadi

Contact Email
office@yasin-alsys.org

Phone
+6285799379817

Journal Mail Official
-

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kab. lombok timur,

Nusa tenggara barat

INDONESIA