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Cloning in Plants and Animals: Divergent Pathways and Ethical Boundaries in Biotechnology Akram, Muhammad; Umaru, Isaac John; Aslam, Nosheen; Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair; Abdulghafoor, Hind A.; Khan, Fahad Said; Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet; Sołowski, Gaweł; Ali, Jaouher Ben; Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammed; Mahmood, Abid
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i2.6140

The creation of genetically identical creatures by cloning is essential to contemporary biotechnology, agriculture, and medical research. Although the basic idea of cloning is the same in all kingdoms, there are substantial differences between plants and animals in terms of its use, effectiveness, and moral consequences. Cloning is a common, natural occurrence in plants and is frequently accomplished using asexual reproduction procedures such as tissue culture, grafting, and vegetative propagation. Because plant cells are highly totipotent, practically any somatic cell may grow again into a whole organism given the right circumstances. The production of genetically engineered plants with enhanced features, the preservation of uncommon species, and the large-scale multiplication of genetically uniform crops have all been made easier by this regenerative potential. Animal cloning, on the other hand, poses far more biological and technological difficulties. Due to developmental errors, aberrant gene expression, and insufficient reprogramming of the donor nucleus, this procedure usually has poor success rates and necessitates intricate management. It brings up important issues about biodiversity, animal care, and the ethical ramifications of cloning sentient creatures. Furthermore, animal cloning is more closely regulated and scrutinized by the public than plant cloning, which is generally recognized in agricultural operations and conservation initiatives. This is particularly true when it comes to food production and possible human cloning. The difference in the effectiveness and uses of cloning is mostly explained by the difference in totipotency between plant and animal cells. The accuracy of modification is becoming closer thanks to recent technological advancements like CRISPR-Cas9, yet the ethical and practical possibilities of cloning in these two domains are still not comparable. The intricate relationship between biological viability, technical development, and societal acceptability of interspecies cloning is shown by this comparative study. Guidance on the proper application and control of cloning technologies in biomedicine and agriculture depends on an understanding of these distinctions.

Mechanisms of Cadmium Toxicity: Metabolomics and Medical Approach Salaudeen, Abdulwasiu Olawale; Olawore, Yemisi Ajoke; Yakubu, Hajara
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i2.6142

Heavy metals are harmful pollutants due to their toxicity at low concentrations, persistent nature and non-biodegradability that have attracted widespread attention. Heavy metals, such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead and mercury are known to be toxic to plants and animals. Cadmium is a highly toxic heavy metal that adversely affects most organ systems. It is commonly found in humans, with primary sources of exposure being cigarette smoke, welding, and contaminated food and beverages. There is compelling evidence from recent studies linking exposure to cadmium to the development of cancer, liver damage, renal failure, skin and hair abnormalities and cardiovascular problems. Cadmium have been shown in epidemiological, basic, and clinical studies to increase the generation of reactive oxygen species. This, in turn, can aggravate the generation of reactive oxygen species and cause inflammation, which can lead to endothelial dysfunction, disruption of ion homeostasis and epigenetic modifications. According to recent research, metabolomics can be used to uncover possible biomarkers and biological pathways, as well as to get molecular snapshots of organisms following environmental exposure to stressors like cadmium. Thus, the purpose of this review is to give readers a thorough understanding of the biochemistry and mechanisms that give rise to cadmium toxicity. We also address antioxidants and other substances that have protective properties against cadmium toxicity, as well as the molecular underpinnings of cadmium-induced cellular damage.

Comparative Study of the Effect of Locally Made Beer (Burukutu and Pito) and Star Lager Beer on Liver Function Parameters Ahmed, Maryam Usman; Wahedi, Lumayu Alexander; Abdulfatai, Ayinla Abayomi; Titus, Diowato; Aliyu, Kamaludden
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i2.6144

Alcohol consumption has a long history in human existence and is implicated as one of the major risk factors in the development of liver diseases. The comparative impact of locally made (burukutu and pito) sorghum-based beer and Star Larger beer on the liver biomarkers of albino rats was investigated. 35 albino rats were grouped into 7 groups of 5 rats each. Group one served as the control group and received only distilled water. Group 2 and 3 received 10 and 20 mL/kg b.wt of pito, groups 4 and 5 received 10 and 200 mL/kg b,wt of burukutu, while group 6 and 7 received 10 and 20 mL/kg of Star Larger beers, respectively, for 21 days after which the liver function parameters were assessed. There was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in albumin level of the treatment groups when compared with the control group. Bilirubin and ALP showed no significant difference (p<0.05) from the control group. There was no significant difference (p<0.05) in ALT levels of burukutu and Start Larger when compared with the control group, however, the groups treated with pito showed a significant increase (p<0.05) when compared with the control group. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in all the treatment groups when compared with the control group, where group 3, which was treated with the higher dose of pito (20 mL/kg b.wt.) had the highest significant increase(p<0.05). albumin levels of the treatment groups showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) when compared with the control group. The three beers compared are toxic to the liver, with pito having the greatest toxicity.

Functional Oxides Nanomaterials for the Removal of Dyes Umaru, Isaac John; Agwu, James Eneji
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i3.7224

The elimination of dyes from wastewater represents a critical environmental challenge, as dye effluents from industries such as textiles, printing, and paper production pose significant risks to ecosystems and human health. Conventional treatment methods are often limited in efficiency and cost-effectiveness, necessitating the exploration of advanced alternatives. This review analyzes the application of functional oxide nanoparticles in dye removal, with particular focus on metal oxides such as titanium dioxide, iron oxide, and zinc oxide, as well as mixed metal oxides. These nanomaterials exhibit exceptional adsorption and photocatalytic properties due to their large surface area, tunable surface chemistry, and distinctive surface characteristics, which enhance dye removal efficiency. The adsorption mechanisms involve electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and π–π stacking interactions, while photocatalytic degradation relies on the generation of reactive oxygen species under light irradiation, allowing complete dye mineralization and minimizing harmful intermediates. Despite these advantages, further research is needed to evaluate long-term stability, recyclability, and potential ecological impacts, alongside the development of cost-effective synthesis methods and innovative nanomaterials with improved performance.

Effect of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Annona senegalensis on Lipid Profile and Kidney Function in Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rats Umaru, Isaac John; Adamu, Usman Lukman; Omolara, Mosugu Ovayoza; Okang, Ogar Fonne; Akem, Ingwu Joseph; Tansaba, Akafa Andes; Philip, Shadrach; Frank, Otashu Kenneth
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i3.7363

Liver cancer remains a major global health burden, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the most common form and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Its progression is often accompanied by metabolic and renal dysfunction, complicating treatment outcomes. While conventional therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted drug treatments offer benefits, they are frequently associated with high toxicity and adverse side effects. This discussion highlights the potential of Annona senegalensis as a safer alternative for managing HCC-related complications, particularly in the context of lipid metabolism and renal function. Evidence from experimental studies suggests that the ethanolic leaf extract of A. senegalensis significantly improves lipid profiles by reducing cholesterol levels from 368.57 ± 1.72 in the negative control group to 266.40 ± 0.88, 217.46 ± 0.82, and 182.24 ± 1.20 at 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg doses, respectively, while maintaining favorable HDL levels at higher doses. These findings indicate the extract’s potential to enhance lipid metabolism, lower cardiovascular risk, and provide renal protection during liver cancer progression. Beyond its biochemical effects, the study reinforces the growing relevance of integrating traditional medicinal plants into modern healthcare frameworks as complementary therapeutic options. Overall, A. senegalensis demonstrates promising hepatoprotective, metabolic, and nephroprotective effects, warranting further investigation into its bioactive compounds and clinical applicability.

Serum IgM Levels and Hepatitis D Virus Co-Infection in HBsAg-Positive Patients in Abakaliki, Nigeria Azibanyam, Okosigha Saviour; Kenneth, Imarenezor Edobor Peter; Ifeoma, Anyiam Vivian
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i3.7486

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective RNA virus that relies on co-infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) for its replication. This study aimed to identify HBsAg-positive patients co-infected with HDV and quantify serum IgM levels in a hospital-based population in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 1,000 patients attending the Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (FETHA) and Mile 4 Hospital Ishieke. HBsAg-positive individuals were identified using a rapid diagnostic kit, while HDV-IgM was detected using ELISA. Among the 1,000 participants, 89 (8.9%) tested positive for HBsAg, and of these, 5 (5.6%) were also positive for HDV-IgM, indicating active co-infection. HDV co-infection prevalence was higher among females (7.7%) compared to males (2.7%), and significantly higher among married individuals (6.9%) than singles (3.2%) (p < 0.05). Age-specific analysis revealed the highest co-infection rate (10%) among individuals aged 29–33 years, while no cases were recorded in the 34–45 years age group. Geographically, patients from Mile 4 Hospital had a higher co-infection rate (7.5%) than those from FETHA (2.8%). Educational status and occupation also influenced prevalence; tertiary-educated individuals had the highest rate (13.6%), while no cases were reported among those with only primary education. Students recorded a prevalence of 8.9%, with no co-infections detected among traders or housewives. Among clinical subgroups, pregnant women had a higher co-infection rate (9.5%) compared to blood donors (2.1%). These findings underscore the importance of routine HDV screening among HBsAg-positive patients, especially in high-risk groups, and the urgent need for targeted public health interventions to reduce the burden and severity of HBV/HDV co-infection in Nigeria. Further research is warranted to better understand the epidemiological dynamics and clinical implications of co-infection.

Application of Water Quality Index (WQI) to Assess Suitability of Water from Different Sources for Human Consumption in Hong Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria Jefferson, Geoffrey; Shingu, Elisha Daniel
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i3.7700

This study evaluates the quality of water from various sources—stream, borehole, and well—in the Hong metropolitan area of Hong Local Government, Adamawa State, using the Water Quality Index (WQI) technique. The objective is to determine the suitability of these water sources for human consumption and domestic use by computing WQI values based on key physico-chemical parameters. Water samples were collected from multiple locations and analyzed for pH, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, and total suspended solids. The WQI values varied across sampling sites, reflecting spatial differences in water quality. Findings indicate that borehole water samples consistently fall within acceptable WQI ranges, confirming their suitability for drinking and domestic purposes. In contrast, stream water samples exhibited poor WQI ratings, rendering them unsafe for human consumption. The study concludes that while borehole water presents a reliable source of potable water in the region, stream water requires treatment before use. These results underscore the importance of regular water quality monitoring to inform safe water resource management in rural and peri-urban areas.

Purification and Characterization of Lactoferrin from Camel Urine Ahmad, K. A.; Jada, M. S.; Wurochekke, A. U.
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i3.7705

This study reports the isolation, purification, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of lactoferrin derived from camel urine. The lactoferrin was purified through a sequential process involving acetone precipitation, dialysis, ion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. The partially purified protein was then characterized with respect to its molecular weight, pH and temperature optima, metal ion interaction, and thermal stability. The purification process achieved a 3.23-fold increase in purity with a specific activity of 6.33 U/mg protein and an overall yield of 9.74%. The purified lactoferrin exhibited a molecular weight of 75 kDa and demonstrated optimal activity at pH 7.0 and 40 °C in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer. Among the metal ions tested, Zn²⁺ enhanced lactoferrin activity, while Mg²⁺ and Al³⁺ acted as strong inhibitors. These findings confirm the potential of camel urine as a novel and viable source of bioactive lactoferrin and lay the groundwork for further biotechnological exploration of its therapeutic applications.

Qualitative, Quantitative, GCMS, and FTIR Phytochemical Screening of Cassia occidentalis Ahmad, K. A.
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i3.7708

Cassia occidentalis Linn, a plant widely recognized in traditional medicine, was subjected to comprehensive phytochemical analysis to elucidate its bioactive constituents. Both qualitative and quantitative assessments confirmed the presence of key secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, saponins, steroids, and terpenoids. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the methanolic extract identified 30 distinct compounds, notably hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, cis-9-hexadecenal, oleic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester, and 9,17-octadecadienal, all of which are associated with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) further confirmed the presence of characteristic functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and alkene groups, supporting the structural integrity of the compounds identified via GC-MS. These findings provide a detailed phytochemical profile of Cassia occidentalis, offering a scientific foundation for its traditional therapeutic applications and supporting its potential for further pharmacological investigation.

Determination of Physicochemical Properties of River Sediment and Heavy Metal Content from River Benue in Ibi, Taraba State Goodness, Ogbonna
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i3.7787

This study assessed contamination levels, potential ecological risks, and pollutant sources of five heavy metals (HMs) in sediments of the River Benue within Ibi Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria. Sediment samples were collected and analyzed for physicochemical properties and trace metal concentrations, including total hydrocarbon content (THC), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). The results showed that the mean concentrations of the analyzed heavy metals and THC were below the permissible limits established by Nigerian regulatory standards. Similarly, physicochemical parameters—such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), nitrate, total hydrogen content, sulphate, phosphate, and temperature—were within acceptable environmental limits. Pollution assessment indices, including the Enrichment Factor (EF), Pollution Load Index (PLI), and Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), indicated low contamination levels, with values generally falling within World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Despite these low levels, the study suggests that anthropogenic activities in the region, such as agriculture, domestic discharge, and informal mining, may contribute to the presence of toxic substances in the sediments. The study warns that prolonged exposure to untreated water from this site poses potential health risks. Therefore, continuous environmental monitoring and pollution mitigation strategies are recommended to prevent future ecological degradation and associated public health concerns.

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Contact Name
M. Irwan Hadi

Contact Email
office@yasin-alsys.org

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+6285799379817

Journal Mail Official
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Editorial Address
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Location
Kab. lombok timur,

Nusa tenggara barat

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

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Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name M. Irwan Hadi

Contact Email office@yasin-alsys.org

Phone +6285799379817

Journal Mail Official -

Editorial Address -

Location Kab. lombok timur, Nusa tenggara barat INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
M. Irwan Hadi

Contact Email
office@yasin-alsys.org

Phone
+6285799379817

Journal Mail Official
-

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kab. lombok timur,

Nusa tenggara barat

INDONESIA