Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Cross River State Grown Andrographis paniculata Ethanol Leaf Extract Attenuates Insulin Resistance and TNF Alpha in Obese Rats Ati, B. U.; Asuk, A. A.; Dasofunjo, K.
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 1 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i1.4857

This study investigated the ethanol leaf extract of Andrographis paniculata and its potential role in attenuating insulin resistance and decreasing turmor necrosis factor alpha levels, raised in obese condition. Twenty five (25) rats were grouped into five (5); Group I: served as normal control and received normal saline and normal rats pellet, Group II: served as obesity control and was fed a high-fat diet but not treated, Group III: served as positive control, fed with a high-fat diet and 30 mg/kg body weight Orlistat, Group IV: fed with a high-fat diet and treated with 500 mg/kg body weight A. paniculata, and Group V: fed with a high-fat diet and treated with 1000 mg/kg body weight A. paniculata. The results showed significant (P<0.05) increases in both TNF-α and HOMAR-IR index in obese rats but decreased in obese rats treated with 30 mg/kg bw Orlistat, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bodyweight A. paniculata. It can be concluded, that A. paniculata has properties that could play a role in attenuating insulin resistance and inflammation induced by obesity.

Snake Venom: Its Biochemical Components and Their Uses in Medicine Umaru, Isaac John; Benjamin, Wisdom L.
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 1 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i1.4931

Snake venoms have components with diverse biological actions that are extensively studied to identify elements that may be useful in biomedical sciences. In the field of autoimmunity and rheumatology, various findings useful for the study of diseases and potential drug development have been reported. The study of disintegrins, proteins that block the action of integrins, has been useful for the development of antiplatelet agents and principles for the development of immunosuppressants and antineoplastic. Several proteins in snake venoms act on the coagulation cascade, activating factors that have allowed the development of tests for the study of coagulation, including Russell’s viper venom time, which is useful in the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome. Neurotoxins with either pre- or postsynaptic effects have been used to study neurogenic synapses and neuromuscular plaques and the development of analgesics, muscle relaxants and drugs for neurodegenerative diseases. Various components act by inhibiting cells and proteins of the immune system, which will allow the development of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs. This review summarizes the usefulness of the components of snake venoms in the fields of autoimmunity and rheumatology, which can serve as a basis for diverse translational research.

Determination of Mechanism of Resistance to Pyrethroid by Anopheles gambiae sensu lato from Gombe State, Nigeria Yusuf, Asama’u; Goje, Lazarus Joseph; Mafulul, Simon Gabriel; Garba, Nabiha; Abubakar, Nura
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 1 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i1.5023

The emergence of insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae sensu lato poses a significant challenge to malaria control efforts, particularly in endemic regions like Gombe, Nigeria. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying pyrethroid resistance and identify the prevalent Anopheles species in the area. Morphological identification was performed using keys from Gille and Coetzee, confirmed by molecular techniques employing SINE200 PCR for precise species characterization. The results revealed that the An. gambiae complex comprised 75% of the mosquito population, indicating its dominance in the region. Knockdown rate bioassays demonstrated a time-dependent increase in resistance to insecticides, with notable exceptions observed with deltamethrin. Susceptibility testing conducted 24 hours post-exposure confirmed that the population exhibited resistance to all tested insecticides, with DDT showing the highest resistance level. Molecular analysis identified Anopheles coluzzii as the most prevalent species in Gombe, followed by An. arabiensis. Additionally, the prevalence of kdr alleles was assessed, revealing a significant correlation between the L1014F mutation and resistance phenotypes. Specifically, the frequency of the L1014F allele was linked to increased resistance levels, while the homozygous susceptible allele was also prevalent, suggesting the potential influence of other resistance mechanisms. In conclusion, this study highlights the critical need for ongoing surveillance of insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae populations. It underscores the importance of understanding the genetic basis of resistance to inform effective vector control strategies. The findings emphasize that adaptive management of insecticide use, considering the dynamics of resistance and species composition, is essential for enhancing malaria control efforts in Gombe and similar regions.

Operational Bottlenecks and Challenges of Slaughterhouse Workers in Tamale Metropolis Ghana Asare, Solomon Ossom; Gyasi, Prince Kwadwo; Hassan, Okrah George; Abiodun, Ogwa Oluwafunmike
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 1 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i1.5024

This study focused on assessing operational bottlenecks and challenges of slaughterhouse workers in Tamale metropolis Ghana. The research aims to provide insights into the distribution and intensity of various activities near within the abattoir, this including. Access to potable water for the washing of carcasses after processing is a challenge, Difficulty with disposal of solid waste which is far away from the abattoir, Availability drainage for liquid waste management in the slaughterhouse, the slaughterhouse is not shielded sufficiently to prevent the entry of pests, and Non-availability of fumigation activities as a pest control measure as well as Non-availability of separate areas for skinning /dehairing process of the carcass. The study aims to evaluate the operational bottlenecks and challenges of slaughterhouse workers in Tamale metropolis Ghana. The research employed several spatial analysis techniques, such as density mapping, and hotspot analysis, to assess the spatial patterns and relationships between the abattoir and its surrounding areas. The spatial analysis identified potential issues such as the presence of critical infrastructure in close proximity to the slaughterhouse. Thus, solution to those challenges.

The Role of Telomeres and Telomerase in Cellular Aging and Disease: Mechanisms, Implications, and Therapeutic Interventions Christopher, Grace; Goje, Lazarus Joseph
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i2.5151

Telomeres, the protective caps at the ends of chromosomes, play a crucial role in maintaining genomic stability. This review explores the structure and function of telomeres, the mechanisms of telomere shortening, and the role of telomerase in counteracting this process. Telomere shortening is a natural consequence of cell division and is associated with cellular aging, senescence, and apoptosis. The review delves into the molecular biology of telomeres, highlighting the significance of the shelterin complex in protecting telomeres from degradation and fusion. It also discusses the genetic and epigenetic factors influencing telomere length, the impact of oxidative stress and inflammation on telomere attrition, and potential interventions to preserve telomere length. The review concludes with recommendations for lifestyle changes and therapeutic strategies to mitigate telomere shortening and promote healthy aging.

Effect of Aqueous Extract of Achyranthes aspera Leaves on Antiretroviral Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats Umaru, Isaac John; Udoh, Mary Athanasius; Akafa, Tensaba Andes; Oteng, Joseph; Akem, Ingwu Joseph; Ngbede, Ocheifa Mathew; Utioukpan, Ashaka Fidelis; Mijinyawa, Aboki Nwunuji; Ekup, Ogholo Ogholo
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i2.5183

Achyranthes aspera leaves are believed to reverse drug resistance and increase the efficacy of current drugs. Achyranthes aspera leaves contain many secondary metabolites needed for the redressal of diseases and ailment. Thus, the ART-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Methodology: Thirty (30) albino rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 each and treated as follows: Group A (no antiretroviral drugs, no extract); group B (antiretroviral drugs alone); group C (extract alone); group D (antiretroviral drug plus 40 mg/kg extract); group E (antiretroviral drug plus 80 mg/kg extract). All treatment lasted for twenty-eight days. Blood samples were collescted and serum ALT and AST determined using UV-spectrophotometer. The mean (± S.E.M) of data were calculated and further analysed for statistical significance using graph Pad Prism 5.0. Results: Mean serum ALT were 36.8 ± 20.24, 56.11 ± 6.12, 54.6 ± 24.18, 90.40 ± 11.14, 88.36 ± 13.10 and that of AST were 143.8 ± 20.24, 208.4 ± 16.13, 60.0 ± 24.18, 164.40 ± 11.14, 52.36 ± 16.14 for groups A, B, C, D, and E respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean values of serum AST for group B and those for group C. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the ALT values for the test and control groups of rats (p value >0.999) Also, there was no statistically significant difference between the mean values of AST for group B and those of groups A, D, E. Conclusions: This extract at a higher concentration should add to the treatment of HIV in synergy with antiviral drugs, However, the extract shown no significant reduction of serum ALT and AST in ART treated rats.

Exploring the Dynamics of Enzyme Activity: Environmental and Biological Influences Akram, Muhammad; Rehman, Urooj; Ahmed, Misbah; Umaru, Isaac John
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i2.5268

The work presents the classification of enzymes and factors that are affecting enzymatic reactions in the living systems. Factors such as temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, factors of inhibition, factors of activation, and incubation time are important in influencing enzyme reactions, which are responsible for controlling components in living systems. The majority of enzymes are three-dimensional molecules with complex molecular networks and sensitive to various environmental factors.

Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Oxystelma Esculentum Chishti, Abdul Wadood; Akram, Muhammad; Rehman, Urooj; Khan, Fahad Said; Iftikhar, Momina; Umaru, Isaac John
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i2.5269

Several phytochemicals, including glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins, are present in the widespread medicinal herb Oxystelmaesculentum. These physiologically active substances contribute to the herb's pharmacological properties, which include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic effects. Research studies have shown that O. esculentum can be used medicinally to treat a variety of ailments, such as fever, pain, respiratory issues, and digestive issues. It may also have neuroprotective properties and help in blood sugar regulation. Even though its therapeutic qualities appear promising, more research must be done to verify its efficacy, safety, and potential for drug development.

Cutting-Edge Discoveries in Cancer Biology and Therapeutic Development Akram, Muhammad; Abdullah, Muhammad; Iftikhar, Momina; Umaru, Isaac John
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i2.5306

Growth in precision medicine, immunotherapy, genetics, and new therapeutic approaches is driving the rapid progression of cancer science and drug discovery. Greater tailor-made treatments attacking specific genetic abnormalities and immune systems have become an alternative to the one-size-fits-all approach, bringing renewed hope to patients for improved outcomes and fewer adverse effects. The most critical growth impacting the face of cancer research and drug discovery is summarized in this brief. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and other methods enable complete genomic profiling, which identifies actionable mutations and guides targeted therapy. Stepping away from blanket chemotherapy, scientists can develop more effective and less toxic drugs by understanding the specific mutations that create each patient's cancer. By blocking the brakes of the immune system, these drugs allow T cells to better fight cancer cells. However, research is ongoing to maximize these treatments' efficacy and safety, particularly in the case of solid tumors. Targeting some of the TME components, such as the extracellular matrix or TME-dwelling immune cells, could provide new treatment strategies. Huge amounts of genetic information are being evaluated, potential medicine candidates are being identified, and patient outcomes are being forecast by AI algorithms. In addition, machine learning algorithms are being employed to improve patient stratification, optimize clinical trial design, and personalize treatment regimens using real-time data. Combination Treatments: Combination therapies employing multiple mechanisms of action are gaining increasing popularity as a result of the flexibility and complexity of cancer. For maximizing efficacy and overcoming resistance, researchers are incorporating immunotherapy with targeted therapy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and other modalities. The goal is to keep tumor cells from evading treatment by attacking cancer from a variety of angles. These combinations are currently under investigation in clinical trials, which have had promising results, particularly in cancers such as breast, lung, and melanoma.

Antihyperlipidemic and Haematological Effect of Triherbal Formulation on Triton1339-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats Umaru, Isaac John; Ejeh, Yakubu Ojochenemi; Shaibu, Isaac Eleojo; Yemisi, Adeyanju Kate; Talent, Akoh Miracle; Enyojo, Lawal Favour
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i2.5325

Hyperlipidemia is one of the principal factors underlying the risk for cardiovascular disease. Confirmatory evidence from animal, clinical, and epidemiological studies has clearly established the positive correlation. Allopathic antihyperlipidemic drugs are available but the side effects and contraindications. However, this study was designed to determine the haematological and antihyperlipidemic effect of ethanol leaf extract of triherbal formulation (Mucuna pruriens, Phyllantus amarus, Securidaca longipeduculata) in wistar rat as a cheaper and readily available alternative. 46rats were grouped into normal, diseased, standard drug controls and test groups with seven rats each. quantitative phytochemical, haematological and antihyperlipidemic analysis were carried out according to standard methods. Results revealed presence of saponin, alkaloids, tannin, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, phenolic with Total phenol exhibiting the highest values haematological results showed improving activities of the formulation on the erythrocytes, heamoglobins, lymphocytes and neutrophiles, this confers good effect on heamatological and immonological parameters especially at higher dose. In antihyperlipidemic activities, triherbal formulation significantly (p≤0.05) decrease the level of TC, TAG, LDL and improve upon HDL in both serum and liver homogenate effects thought to be via inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis, absorption modification of lypogenic and lipolitic enzymes. Conclusively, the studies indicated triherbal formulation contain bioactive compounds with diverse biological activities such as immunomodulatory, inflammatory, heamatological and lipid profile regulating activities.

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name
M. Irwan Hadi

Contact Email
office@yasin-alsys.org

Phone
+6285799379817

Journal Mail Official
-

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kab. lombok timur,

Nusa tenggara barat

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name M. Irwan Hadi

Contact Email office@yasin-alsys.org

Phone +6285799379817

Journal Mail Official -

Editorial Address -

Location Kab. lombok timur, Nusa tenggara barat INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
M. Irwan Hadi

Contact Email
office@yasin-alsys.org

Phone
+6285799379817

Journal Mail Official
-

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kab. lombok timur,

Nusa tenggara barat

INDONESIA