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Letterlijk
Published by Universitas Kuningan
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30629845     DOI : https://doi.org/10.25134/letterlijk.v2i2.1250
Core Subject : Economy, Education, Social,
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences
LETTERLIJK: Jurnal Hukum Perdata focuses on the development and critical analysis of contemporary civil law, particularly in the context of socio-economic transformation, digitalization, and evolving commercial practices. The journal prioritizes scholarly works that offer theoretical advancement, empirical findings, and normative analysis within the civil law domain. The scope of the journal is specifically directed to the following areas: Contract Law and Legal Obligations Including formation, validity, enforcement, breach of contract, and dispute resolution in both conventional and digital transactions. Consumer Protection Law Covering legal frameworks, dispute mechanisms, digital consumer rights, e-commerce protection, and regulatory developments. Business and Commercial Law Including corporate transactions, commercial agreements, business ethics, and legal aspects of trade and investment. Property and Civil Asset Law Addressing ownership, land law, inheritance, and legal issues related to civil assets. Digital Civil Law and Technology-Based Transactions Focusing on legal implications of digital contracts, electronic signatures, fintech, online platforms, and emerging legal challenges in the digital economy. Civil Law in Socio-Economic Context Exploring how civil law interacts with economic development, social justice, and public policy. Dispute Resolution in Civil Law Including litigation, arbitration, mediation, and alternative dispute resolution mechanisms.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 37 Documents
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Kajian Hukum Perikatan sebagai Alat Perlindungan bagi Pihak dalam Perjanjian Bisnis di Indonesia Asrizal, Putri Nadila; Satria Akbar; Yola Anika
Letterlijk Vol 1 No 2 (2024): Letterlijk
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Kuningan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25134/letterlijk.v1i2.118

Abstract

Economic growth of citizens in Indonesia is increasingly growing especially in transactions of sale and sale through electronic media, so that there needs to be some legal protection against consumers linked to the transaction. The aim of this research is to learn about the validity of an electronic transaction in Indonesia and how it is protected by law. This research uses an empirical jurisprudence method, which is a study that uses data from libraries such as legislative regulations, books, legal journals, and scientific works related to this research. There is also the result of this research is that the Preliminary, some validity of the Agreement to protect the parties involved in a broader business agreement, including consumers and producers who are outside the territory of the Republic of Indonesia has been regulated in Article 18 Paragraph (1) of the Consumer Protection Act, as well as the Second, the regulation of the use of information technology and communications in business transactions, including legal protection for the parties concerned in accordance with the legislative regulations of the invitation No. 82 Year 2012 on the maintenance of systems and electronic transaction.
Perlindungan Hukum bagi Konsumen dalam Transaksi Jual Beli Online Ditinjau dari Hukum Perikatan Maruli Semaria Nababan, Alecya; Joan Karnois, Eldrida; Nurdiansyah, Muhamad Ajie; Sheebakayla, Ratu
Letterlijk Vol 1 No 2 (2024): Letterlijk
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Kuningan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25134/letterlijk.v1i2.127

Abstract

This abstract discusses legal protection for contracts in the context of online buying and selling transactions as an effort to protect consumers. In the digital era, online buying and selling transactions are increasingly widespread and present new challenges in the field of contract law. Legal protection is very important to ensure consumer rights are protected from unfair trade practices, fraud and other violations. This article analyzes existing regulations, the role of electronic agreements, and the dispute resolution mechanisms available to consumers. Thus, it is hoped that the legal protection of engagement can provide security and trust for consumers in carrying out online transactions 
Peran dan Tanggung Jawab Konsumen Untuk Mencegah Praktik Penipuan dalam Transaksi Online dari Perspektif Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen Qurrotul A’ini, Zayyan
Letterlijk Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Letterlijk
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Kuningan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25134/letterlijk.v2i2.588

Abstract

The aim of this research is to analyze the role of consumers in preventing fraud in online transactions and to explore the rights and responsibilities of consumers in protecting themselves from such fraud. The method used in this study is literature review and legal analysis related to consumer protection in Indonesia, particularly in the context of online transactions. The discussion in this research includes the importance of verifying information, being cautious of too-good-to-be-true offers, understanding electronic contracts, and the legal protection provided to consumers based on applicable regulations. This research also discusses the responsibilities of consumers in protecting themselves from fraud and the steps they can take to report fraud to the relevant authorities. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the crucial role of active consumers in maintaining the security and integrity of online transactions, as well as the need to raise awareness and understanding of consumer protection.
Akibat Hukum Wanprestasi atas Pembatalan Sepihak dalam Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli (PPJB) Kasus Dokter SM di Palembang Roqiiqulqolby, Ashhifa; Satria Annur Sidiq, Jenar; Tsulistiyani Nur Islami
Letterlijk Vol 2 No 1 (2025): Letterlijk
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Kuningan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25134/letterlijk.v2i1.917

Abstract

 The Sale and Purchase Agreement (PPJB) is a form of preliminary agreement used to regulate the legal relationship between the seller and the buyer prior to the official transfer of ownership through a Deed of Sale and Purchase (AJB). Whether executed in authentic form or under private hand, the PPJB gives rise to legally binding rights and obligations. This article discusses the legal aspects of PPJB, the concept of breach of contract (wanprestasi), and analyzes a case involving unilateral cancellation by Dr. SM in Palembang, which is classified as a breach of contract. The cancellation not only violates the principle of pacta sunt servanda, but also causes material losses to the buyer (TW). In its resolution, Indonesian law—through the Civil Code (KUHPerdata)—provides a legal basis for the aggrieved party to claim compensation and protect their rights. This study emphasizes the importance of executing agreements in good faith, the role of notaries in drafting deeds, and the need for preventive legal supervision to avoid losses due to breach of contract.
Kedudukan Hukum Surat Pesanan sebagai Perikatan Kontraktual dalam Pengadaan Barang/Jasa Pemerintah: Telaah Yuridis Putusan PN Jakarta Selatan Nomor 272/Pdt.G/2022/PN Jkt.Sel. Fauji, Ade Rizki; Rahmaniah, Naima Fatia; Kusuma, Panji Adhiwinata
Letterlijk Vol 2 No 1 (2025): Letterlijk
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Kuningan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25134/letterlijk.v2i1.923

Abstract

 This research examines the legal position of purchase orders within Indonesia's system of binding agreement and contract law. Purchase orders constitute important instruments in economic activities that establish legal relationships between parties, particularly in government procurement of goods and services. The research focuses on the legal position of purchase orders from the perspective of binding agreement and contract law, as well as the considerations of the South Jakarta District Court in Decision Number 272/Pdt.G/2022/PN Jkt.Sel. This research employs a normative juridical method with statutory and case approaches, analyzing primary and secondary legal materials. The findings demonstrate that purchase orders hold a strong legal position as contractual agreements when they fulfill the requirements of Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code, which is reinforced by Supreme Court Jurisprudence Number 1506 K/Pdt/2002. The South Jakarta District Court recognized purchase orders as valid grounds for civil claims. Purchase orders have legally binding force and can serve as the basis for civil claims when they reflect a genuine legal relationship between the parties.
Analisis Pertanggungjawaban Asuransi terhadap Kegagalan Pembayaran oleh Perusahaan Asuransi Jiwa Firmansyah, Didit; Joan Karnois, Eldrida; Susanti, Sindi; Nabila Anisa, Syalsa
Letterlijk Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Letterlijk
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Kuningan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25134/letterlijk.v2i2.940

Abstract

The growth of the life insurance industry has increased significantly in the last two decades, in line with the increase in financial literacy and corporate and public awareness of the importance of protecting the things they own. The content of the insurance agreement is to transfer losses due to unexpected events suffered by the insured to the insurer and the insured must pay premiums to the insurer. The purpose of this study is to determine how the insurance company is responsible if there is a failure to pay. The methodology used by the author is normative legal methodology. Normative research or library legal research is legal research using secondary data, namely data obtained from library materials. The results of the study show that if there is a failure to pay by the insurance company and internal efforts are unsuccessful, the policyholder can report the case to the LAPS SJK. The role of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) is very vital in supervising and taking action against insurance companies that fail to fulfill their obligations. OJK can impose administrative sanctions up to revoking business licenses, as happened in the case of Wanaartha Life. Cases like this show the importance of implementing Good Corporate Governance (GCG) and strict risk management by insurance companies, as well as the need to strengthen the consumer protection system so that similar incidents do not continue to recur.
Tantangan Hukum Perikatan dalam Kontrak Bisnis Modern: Studi Kasus Pinjaman Online dan Perjanjian Kerjasama Anita Nurbayiti; Robyatul Gayatrie, Rinda; Trisma Dewi, Sefti
Letterlijk Vol 2 No 1 (2025): Letterlijk
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Kuningan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25134/letterlijk.v2i1.966

Abstract

The development of digital technology has significantly transformed modern business practices, particularly in contract execution and legal obligations. One notable innovation is the rise of online lending services powered by financial technology (fintech), which enable rapid loan transactions without face-to-face interactions. While these services increase financial access, they also present serious legal challenges—most notably, anti-competitive behavior. Recently, the Indonesian Competition Commission (KPPU) identified indications of a loan interest rate cartel involving 97 fintech lending platforms affiliated with the Indonesian Joint Funding Fintech Association (AFPI). These entities allegedly agreed to set uniform interest rate caps, not based on market dynamics but through internal consensus, thereby restricting competition and harming consumers. This article examines the impact of such interest rate cartel practices on consumer rights and fair competition in the online lending sector, as well as the legal role of supervisory institutions such as KPPU in addressing these issues. Using a normative juridical method and legal-conceptual approach, the study analyzes relevant legislation, including Law No. 5 of 1999 on Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition, alongside regulatory measures by the Financial Services Authority (OJK). The study highlights the need for stricter enforcement, adaptive regulation, and institutional synergy to ensure legal certainty and consumer protection in modern contract law, especially in the digital business ecosystem.  
Penerapan Hukum Perikatan dalam Kontrak Bisnis UMKM: Studi Kasus Mitra Dagang Hijab Lokal Sindia Lestari, Rinjani; Islamia Arrahmah, Shahifa; Safira Yuniar, Zahra
Letterlijk Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Letterlijk
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Kuningan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25134/letterlijk.v2i2.983

Abstract

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in the national economy; however, in practice, they often face legal challenges, particularly in the implementation of business contracts. One of the main issues is the ineffective application of the law of obligations in business partnerships, which may lead to disputes and breach of contract. This study aims to analyze the application of the law of obligations in MSME business contracts and to identify legal obstacles faced by business actors in the execution of agreements, using a case study of local hijab trading partners. This research employs a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches, conducted through a literature review of the Indonesian Civil Code, MSME-related regulations, and relevant legal literature. The findings indicate that MSME business practices still encounter several legal constraints, such as the absence of written contracts, unclear contractual clauses, imbalance of bargaining positions between parties, and limited legal awareness among MSME actors. These conditions result in weak legal protection for business actors in cases of breach of contract. Therefore, enhancing legal awareness, preparing business contracts in accordance with the principles of the law of obligations, and providing continuous legal assistance are essential to ensure legal certainty and fairness in MSME business relationships.
Perlindungan Hukum bagi Konsumen dalam Transaksi Elektronik di Platform Shopee Indonesia Selen Tresnawati; Syaharani Meylian; Nabila Izni Anandhira
Letterlijk Vol 2 No 1 (2025): Letterlijk
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Kuningan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25134/letterlijk.v2i1.995

Abstract

 Consumer protection law aims to provide legal safeguards for consumers in Indonesia. The development of information technology has transformed the pattern of buying and selling transactions from conventional methods to digital platforms. In the digital era, online trading has become increasingly prevalent, presenting new challenges in the field of contract law. Legal protection is essential to ensure that consumers’ rights are protected from fraud. Shopee, as one of the largest e-commerce platforms in Indonesia, has become a major venue for online transactions. While offering convenience and efficiency, transactions conducted via Shopee also pose various issues that may harm consumers. This article aims to analyze the forms of legal protection available to Indonesian consumers in transactions conducted through Shopee and to evaluate the effectiveness of their implementation based on prevailing regulations. This research explores the legal protection efforts that can be provided to consumers in purchase transactions on the Shopee platform and how such protections are applied in online transactions.
Analisis Perbandingan BPJS Kesehatan dan Asuransi Swasta dalam Efisiensi Layanan dan Persaingan Bisnis Aryanti, Ane; Khairunnisa; Nessa A’syifa Putri Andrika
Letterlijk Vol 2 No 1 (2025): Letterlijk
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Kuningan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25134/letterlijk.v2i1.1000

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the comparison between BPJS Kesehatan (Indonesia’s national health insurance) and private health insurance in terms of service efficiency and business competition strategies. Using a literature review method, the research examines various aspects such as cost and premiums, service access, facilities, claims procedures, and patient satisfaction. The findings reveal that BPJS Kesehatan excels in providing broad coverage at affordable premiums, though it still faces challenges in service speed and referral systems. On the other hand, private health insurance offers faster, more flexible, and premium-level services, albeit at higher costs. Additionally, both systems have begun collaborating through the Coordination of Benefit (CoB) scheme to provide dual advantages for participants. This study offers important insights for the development of a more efficient and competitive health insurance system in Indonesia.

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