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AIR, SANITASI, DAN STUNTING DI INDONESIA : NARRATIVE REVIEW Puji Analia; Mateus Sakundarno Adi; Achmad Zulfa Juniarto
Journal of Nutrition College Vol 15, No 3 (2026): Juli
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jnc.v15i3.50846

ABSTRACTBackground: Stunting is a condition of growth failure in toddlers (under 5 years) due to chronic nutritional problems that cause children to be short for their age. Globally, WHO (2022) estimates that as many as 148.1 million (22.3%) toddlers experience stunting, most of whom are in Asian (52%) and African (43%) countries, one of which is Indonesia. Poor water and sanitation conditions are often found in areas with a high prevalence of stunting. So far, a lot of research has been conducted on stunting in Indonesia, but it only focuses on nutrition/ food. Water and sanitation factors have not been researched much or have not receive much attention, even though their influence is quite large.Objectives: This study aims to analyze the association between water and sanitation factors and the incidence of stunting in Indonesia.Methods: The method used in writing this article is a narrative review. A search for several electronic databases was conducted between January - March 2025 using Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed published between 2020-2025. The search keywords used included “Water “AND” Sanitation “AND” Stunting.Results: A review of 22 articles found that water factors (source of clean water, quality of clean water, source of drinking water, access to drinking water, drinking water treatment) and sanitation (use of toilets, healthy toilets, ownership of toilets, open defecation behavior and improper disposal of toddler feces) were all associated with stunting in children under five years of age.Conclusion: Inadequate water and sanitation factors are associated with stunting in toddlers in IndonesiaKeywords : Water; Sanitation;Toddlers; Stunting; Indonesia ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Stunting mencerminkan kondisi gagal tumbuh pada anak balita (bawah 5 tahun) akibat masalah gizi kronis yang menyebabkan anak menjadi pendek untuk usianya. Secara global, WHO (2022) memperkirakan sebanyak 148.1 juta (22.3%) anak balita mengalami stunting, sebagian besar berada di negara-negara Asia (52%) dan Afrika (43%), salah satunya Indonesia. Kondisi air dan sanitasi yang buruk, sering ditemukan di daerah dengan prevalensi stunting yang tinggi. Selama ini penelitian terkait stunting di Indonesia sudah banyak dilakukan namun hanya berfokus pada gizi/ makanan, faktor air dan sanitasi masih belum banyak di teliti atau tidak terlalu diperhatikan padahal pengaruhnya cukup besarTujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan faktor air dan sanitasi dengan kejadian stunting di Indonesia.Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah narrative review. Pencarian beberapa electronic database dilakukan pada bulan Januari – Maret 2025 melalui Scopus, Science Direct, dan PubMed yang terbit pada 2020-2025. Keywords pencarian yang digunakan meliputi “Water “AND” Sanitation “AND” Stunting. Hasil: Tinjauan terhadap 22 artikel menemukan bahwa faktor air (sumber air bersih, kualitas air bersih, sumber air minum, akses terhadap air minum, pengolahan air minum) dan sanitasi (penggunaan jamban, jamban sehat, kepemilikan jamban, perilaku buang air besar sembarangan dan pembuangan kotoran balita tidak tepat) berhubungan dengan stunting pada anak di bawah usia lima tahun.Simpulan: Faktor air dan sanitasi yang tidak memadai berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada anak balita di Indonesia Kata Kunci : Air; Sanitasi; Balita; Stunting; Indonesia

HUBUNGAN ASUPAN YODIUM DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA: LITERATURE REVIEW Ismi Setianingsih; Etika Ratna Noer; Ani Margawati
Journal of Nutrition College Vol 15, No 1 (2026): Januari
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jnc.v15i1.50880

ABSTRACTBackground: Stunting is a growth disorder commonly found in children under five years old. Chronic deficiency in nutrient intake is a direct cause of stunting. Iodine is one of the micronutrients needed by children under five years old for reaching the optimal growth. Iodine deficiency can lead to stunting.Objectives: The aim of this literature review is to determine the relationship between iodine intake and stunting in children under five years old.Methods: This research is a literature review that uses the narrative method to review several relevant article sources based on the objectives, methods, and results presented in the article. National and international articles were searched using Google Scholar and PubMed databases. The articles searched focused on epidemiologic studies filtered from the last 10 years of publication (2015-2025). Keywords used were iodine intake, urinary iodine or iodine status and stunting in children. The search found 13 articles that met the inclusion criteria.Results: A literature study revealed inconsistent findings regarding the association between iodine intake and the incidence of stunting in children under five years old. Five articles found a correlation between iodine intake and the incidence of stunting in toddlers, whereas the remaining eight articles found no correlation.Conclusion: Iodine intake has no relationship with the prevalence of stunting in toddlers. Iodine consumption has an impact on a child's growth and nutritional status, but it is not a main cause of stunting. Iodine is one part of the complex factors that influence child growth and the incidence of stunting in children under five years old. In order to avoid bias, iodine intake measurements must be carried out using appropriate methods.Keywords: Iodine intake; toddler; iodine status; UIE; stunting ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Stunting merupakan gangguan pertumbuhan yang banyak ditemukan pada balita. Kurangnya asupan zat gizi secara kronis menjadi penyebab langsung terjadinya stunting. Yodium merupakan salah satu zat gizi mikro yang dibutuhkan balita untuk mencapai pertumbuhan yang optimal. Kekurangan asupan yodium dapat menimbulkan gangguan pertumbuhan salah satunya yaitu stunting.Tujuan: Tujuan dari kajian pustaka ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan yodium dengan kejadian stunting pada balita.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah kajian pustaka yang menggunakan metode naratif dalam mengkaji beberapa sumber artikel yang relevan berdasarkan tujuan, metode, serta hasil yang disajikan pada artikel tersebut. Pencarian artikel nasional dan internasional dilakukan dengan melakukan penulusuran dengan menggunakan database Google Scholar, dan Pubmed. Artikel yang dicari berfokus pada studi epidemiologi yang disaring dari terbitan 10 tahun terakhir (2015-2025). Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu asupan yodium, UIE atau status yodium, dan stunting pada anak balita. Dari penelusuran tersebut didapatkan 13 artikel yang masuk dalam kriteria inklusi.Hasil: Berdasarkan kajian pustaka, masih ditemukan hasil yang kontradiktif tentang hubungan asupan yodium dengan kejadian stunting pada balita. Lima artikel menyebutkan bahwa asupan yodium berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita, sedangkan delapan artikel lainnya justru menyatakan sebaliknya yaitu tidak menemukan hubungan antara asupan yodium dengan kejadian stunting.Simpulan: Asupan yodium tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita. Asupan yodium dapat memengaruhi pertumbuhan dan status gizi anak, tetapi bukan menjadi satu-satunya faktor yang menyebabkan stunting. Yodium merupakan salah satu bagian dari kompleksnya hal-hal yang memengaruhi pertumbuhan maupun kejadian stunting pada anak. Pengukuran asupan yodium harus dilakukan dengan metode yang tepat agar tidak menimbulkan bias.Kata Kunci: Asupan yodium; balita; status yodium; ekskresi yodium urin; stunting

HUBUNGAN STATUS GIZI DENGAN KUALITAS HIDUP PASIEN HEMODIALISIS DI RUMAH SAKIT PANTI RAPIH YOGYAKARTA Maria Dora Tri Yogyantini; Hari Kusnanto; Nugroho Susanto
Journal of Nutrition College Vol 15, No 3 (2026): Juli
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jnc.v15i3.54120

ABSTRACTBackground: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis face physical, psychological, and social challenges that may reduce their quality of life (QoL). Malnutrition is common due to catabolic stress, inadequate nutrient intake, and chronic inflammation. Comprehensive nutritional assessment using anthropometric and biochemical parameters, together with the Dialysis Malnutrition Score (DMS), may help identify nutritional factors associated with QoL.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 109 outpatient hemodialysis patients at Panti Rapih Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data were collected through interviews, anthropometric measurements (body mass index, mid-upper arm circumference, and calf circumference), DMS assessment, and laboratory tests (hemoglobin, albumin, urea, creatinine, and iron parameters). Quality of life was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression.Results: The mean BMI was 23.59 ± 4.04 kg/m², mid-upper arm circumference 26.96 ± 4.16 cm, calf circumference 31.74 ± 3.47 cm, DMS score 14.92 ± 4.62, albumin 3.79 ± 0.57 g/dL, and creatinine 8.53 ± 4.07 mg/dL. Bivariate analysis showed that BMI, mid-upper arm circumference, calf circumference, creatinine, and albumin were positively correlated with QoL, whereas DMS was negatively correlated with QoL (p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis identified DMS (B = –2.678; p < 0.001), albumin (B = 8.098; p = 0.006), and calf circumference (B = 1.065; p = 0.050) as independent predictors, explaining 44.4% of the variance in QoL.Conclusion: Nutritional status is significantly associated with QoL among hemodialysis patients. Better nutritional profiles—lower DMS scores, adequate albumin levels, and greater calf circumference—are associated with higher QoL. Regular nutritional screening and individualized nutrition interventions are important to improve patient well-being.Keywords: Nutritional status; quality of life; hemodialysis; Dialysis Malnutrition Score; albumin ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Pasien penyakit ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodialisis sering mengalami perubahan fisik, psikologis, dan sosial yang dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup. Status gizi merupakan determinan penting karena malnutrisi sering terjadi akibat proses katabolik, asupan gizi yang tidak adekuat, dan peradangan kronik. Penilaian status gizi melalui parameter antropometri, biokimia, dan Dialysis Malnutrition Score (DMS) dapat menggambarkan kondisi nutrisi yang berkaitan dengan kualitas hidup pasien.Tujuan: Menilai hubungan antara status gizi dan kualitas hidup pasien hemodialisis rawat jalan serta mengidentifikasi faktor status gizi yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kualitas hidup di RS Panti Rapih Yogyakarta.Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional dilakukan pada 109 pasien hemodialisis rawat jalan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, pengukuran antropometri (IMT, LILA, lingkar betis), penilaian DMS, pemeriksaan laboratorium (hemoglobin, albumin, ureum, kreatinin, dan parameter zat besi), serta kuesioner WHOQOL-BREF. Analisis menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson dan regresi linier berganda.Hasil: Rata-rata IMT adalah 23,59 ± 4,04 kg/m²; LILA 26,96 ± 4,16 cm; lingkar betis 31,74 ± 3,47 cm; skor DMS 14,92 ± 4,62; albumin 3,79 ± 0,57 g/dL; dan kreatinin 8,53 ± 4,07 mg/dL. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan hubungan positif signifikan antara IMT, LILA, lingkar betis, albumin, dan kreatinin dengan kualitas hidup, sedangkan DMS menunjukkan hubungan negatif (p < 0,05). Analisis regresi menunjukkan DMS (B = –2,678; p < 0,001), albumin (B = 8,098; p = 0,006), dan lingkar betis (B = 1,065; p = 0,050) sebagai prediktor signifikan dengan kontribusi model 44,4%.Kesimpulan: Status gizi berhubungan signifikan dengan kualitas hidup pasien hemodialisis. Pasien dengan skor DMS lebih rendah, albumin normal, dan lingkar betis lebih baik cenderung memiliki kualitas hidup lebih tinggi. Pemantauan status gizi dan intervensi gizi penting untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan pasien.Kata kunci: Status gizi; kualitas hidup; hemodialisis; DMS; albumin

THE CONNECTION BETWEEN CULTURE AND FOOD TABOOS AMONG BREASTFEEDING MOTHERS: A LITERATURE REVIEW Maria Fridolina Manehat; Ani Margawati; Nuryanto Nuryanto
Journal of Nutrition College Vol 15, No 1 (2026): Januari
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jnc.v15i1.50882

ABSTRACTBackground: Optimal maternal nutrition during breastfeeding is crucial for the health of both mother and infant, yet many women face culturally rooted food taboos that restrict nutrient-rich foods, leading to reduced dietary diversity and micronutrient deficiencies. Culturally rooted food taboos, reinforced by food insecurity and limited nutrition education, highlight the need for context-sensitive strategies to improve maternal and infant health. Objectives: This literature review explores the nutritional consequences of cultural food taboos among breastfeeding mothers and their implications for maternal and infant health.Methods: This study employed a literature review approach, to identify and synthesize existing research on food taboos among breastfeeding mothers. A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed database using the keywords “food taboo”, “culture”, and “breastfeeding mothers”. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, four relevant articles published between 2015 and 2025 were selected. Data were extracted and thematically analyzed to explore cultural rationales and nutritional implications.Results Food taboos during breastfeeding often limit nutritious foods and may lead to nutrient deficiencies in mothers and infants. These taboos are shaped by culture and beliefs, and understanding their social meaning is key. Respectful, culturally sensitive nutrition education can help improve health outcomes.Conclusion: Food taboos among breastfeeding mothers, though intended to protect health, can reduce dietary diversity and lead to micronutrient deficiencies, affecting maternal recovery, breast milk quality, and infant development. Effective interventions should be culturally sensitive and grounded in an understanding of the sociocultural meanings behind these practices.Keywords: Breastfedding mothers; culture; food taboos ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Gizi yang optimal pada ibu menyusui sangat penting untuk kesehatan ibu maupun bayi, namun banyak perempuan menghadapi pantangan makanan yang berakar pada budaya, yang membatasi konsumsi makanan bergizi dan menyebabkan rendahnya keberagaman makanan serta kekurangan mikronutrien. Pantangan makanan yang dilandasi budaya, diperkuat oleh ketidakamanan pangan dan minimnya edukasi gizi, menekankan perlunya strategi yang sensitif terhadap konteks untuk meningkatkan kesehatan ibu dan anak.Tujuan: Tinjauan pustaka ini membahas dampak nutrisi dari pantangan makanan berbasis budaya pada ibu menyusui serta implikasinya terhadap kesehatan ibu dan bayi.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan tinjauan pustaka untuk mengidentifikasi dan mensintesis penelitian yang telah ada mengenai pantangan makanan pada ibu menyusui. Pencarian sistematis dilakukan melalui basis data PubMed dengan menggunakan kata kunci “food taboo”, “culture”, dan “breastfeeding mothers”. Setelah menerapkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, empat artikel relevan yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2015 hingga 2025 dipilih. Data dari artikel tersebut diekstraksi dan dianalisis secara tematik untuk menggali alasan budaya dan implikasi nutrisinya. Hasil: Pantangan makanan selama menyusui seringkali membatasi konsumsi makanan bergizi dan dapat menyebabkan kekurangan nutrisi pada ibu dan bayi. Pantangan ini dibentuk oleh budaya dan kepercayaan, dan memahami makna sosialnya sangat penting. Pendidikan gizi yang menghormati dan peka terhadap budaya dapat membantu meningkatkan hasil kesehatan.Simpulan: Pantangan makanan pada ibu menyusui, meskipun bertujuan melindungi kesehatan ibu dan bayi, dapat mengurangi keberagaman makanan dan menyebabkan defisiensi zat gizi mikro, sehingga berdampak pada pemulihan ibu, kualitas ASI, dan tumbuh kembang bayi. Pendekatan intervensi yang efektif perlu mempertimbangkan makna sosial budaya dari praktik ini melalui pemahaman yang sensitif dan menghargai budaya.Kata Kunci: Budaya; ibu menyusui; pantang makanan

EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN MAKANAN BERGIZI GRATIS DI SEKOLAH: TINJAUAN LITERATUR TERHADAP MODEL IMPLEMENTASI DI NEGARA MAJU ERWINDA ERWINDA; Delmi Sulastri; Ikeu Tanziha; Rosfita Rasyid
Journal of Nutrition College Vol 15, No 3 (2026): Juli
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jnc.v15i3.51456

ABSTRACT Background: Free school meal policies are widely implemented to improve child nutrition, reduce social inequality, and support learning outcomes. Evidence from developed countries is relevant for Indonesia because the Makan Bergizi Gratis programme requires strong governance, clear nutrition standards, robust food safety control, and sustainable financing. Objective: This review analyses implementation models and key effectiveness factors of free school meal programmes in developed countries and formulates policy implications for Indonesia. Methods: A structured literature review was conducted using the PRISMA approach. Articles were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar with the keywords free school meals, school feeding program, nutrition policy, academic achievement, and child health. Eligible articles were peer‑reviewed, available in full‑text, published between 2017 and 2026, and reported health, education, participation, or implementation outcomes. Results: The reviewed studies indicate that successful school meal programmes share five core factors: clear targeting or universal coverage, adequate and stable funding, enforceable nutrition and food safety standards, reliable procurement and distribution systems, and continuous monitoring and evaluation. Universal models tend to increase participation and reduce stigma, while targeted models depend on accurate eligibility data and strong administrative capacity.Conclusion: Free school meal programmes can effectively support child nutrition and learning when they integrate health, education, and food system governance. Indonesia should strengthen phased implementation, local food procurement, menu standardisation, food safety supervision, and outcome evaluation in the Makan Bergizi Gratis programmeKeywords: Academic achievement; child health; nutrition; policy implementation; school meals ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Kebijakan makanan gratis di sekolah banyak digunakan untuk memperbaiki gizi anak, mengurangi kesenjangan sosial, dan mendukung hasil belajar. Bukti dari negara maju relevan bagi Indonesia karena program Makan Bergizi Gratis memerlukan tata kelola yang kuat, standar gizi yang jelas, pengawasan keamanan pangan yang ketat, dan pembiayaan yang berkelanjutan.Tujuan: Tinjauan ini menganalisis model implementasi dan faktor efektivitas program makanan gratis di sekolah pada negara maju serta merumuskan implikasi kebijakannya bagi Indonesia.Metode: Tinjauan literatur dilakukan secara terstruktur dengan pendekatan PRISMA. Artikel ditelusuri melalui PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar dengan kata kunci free school meals, school feeding program, nutrition policy, academic achievement, dan child health. Artikel yang dipilih merupakan artikel peer‑reviewed, tersedia dalam bentuk full‑text, terbit pada 2017–2026, dan melaporkan luaran kesehatan, pendidikan, partisipasi, atau implementasi.Hasil: Studi yang direview menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan program ditopang oleh lima faktor utama, yaitu cakupan sasaran yang jelas atau universal, pendanaan yang memadai dan stabil, standar gizi serta keamanan pangan yang dapat ditegakkan, sistem pengadaan dan distribusi yang andal, serta monitoring dan evaluasi yang berkelanjutan. Model universal cenderung meningkatkan partisipasi dan mengurangi stigma, sedangkan model bersasaran sangat bergantung pada akurasi data kelayakan dan kapasitas administrasi.Simpulan: Program makanan gratis di sekolah dapat mendukung perbaikan gizi dan pembelajaran anak jika mampu mengintegrasikan tata kelola kesehatan, pendidikan, dan sistem pangan. Indonesia perlu memperkuat implementasi bertahap, pengadaan pangan lokal, standardisasi menu, pengawasan keamanan pangan, dan evaluasi luaran dalam pelaksanaan Makan Bergizi Gratis.Kata kunci: Gizi; implementasi kebijakan; kesehatan anak; makanan sekolah; prestasi akademik

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN PERILAKU DIET DENGAN KEPATUHAN DIET PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE II DI UPT PUSKESMAS CIRUAS SERANG Marina Indriasari; Renan Prasta Jenie; Erny Siregar
Journal of Nutrition College Vol 15, No 1 (2026): Januari
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jnc.v15i1.49701

ABSTRACTBackground: WHO data, the prevalence of diabetes in the adult population aged 20–79 years in Indonesia is estimated to reach 10.6%. Meanwhile, data from the UPT Puskesmas Ciruas shows a rising trend in the prevalence of Type II Diabetes Mellitus, which was around 0.24% in 2020, increasing to 0.29% in 2021 (152 cases), and reaching 0.37% in 2022 (195 cases) from the total population of the work area. The increase in the prevalence of Type II Diabetes Mellitus, influenced by unhealthy eating habits, highlights the importance of studying the relationship between knowledge and dietary behavior with dietary compliance among patients at UPT Puskesmas Ciruas Serang.Objectives: The aim of this research was to determine the correlation of knowledge and behavior to dietary compliance and patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 at the Ciruas Public Health Center, Serang.Methods: Using descriptive analytical design with a quantitative method employing a cross-sectional research design. The research population consists of all type 2 diabetes sufferers visiting the nutrition clinic at UPT Puskesmas Ciruas, totaling 130 people. The sample was determined using the Slovin formula, resulting in 103 respondents through simple random sampling. The research instrument was a structured questionnaire regarding knowledge, dietary behavior, and dietary compliance. Data analysis was conducted univariately and bivariately using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of 0.05.Results: There was a relationship between knowledge and adherence to dietary compliance in patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at the Ciruas Public Health Center. The statistical test resulted obtained a p value = 0.018 < 0.05). There was a relationship between dietarybehavior and adherence to a dietary compliance in patients with Diabetes Mellitus type 2 at the Ciruas Health Center. The statistical test resulted obtained a p value = 0.023 < 0.05).Conclusion: This study shows that most type II DM patients at the Ciruas Community Health Center have poor knowledge, behavior, and dietary compliance. The analysis results prove a significant relationship between dietary knowledge (p=0.018) and dietary behavior (p=0.023) with adherence to the diet. Thus, increasing knowledge and improving dietary behavior play an important role in supporting dietary compliance in type II DM patients.Keywords : Behavior;diabetes mellitus type II; dietary compliance; knowledge ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Data WHO, prevalensi diabetes pada populasi dewasa usia 20–79 tahun di Indonesia diperkirakan mencapai 10,6%. Sementara itu, data di UPT Puskesmas Ciruas menunjukkan tren peningkatan prevalensi Diabetes Mellitus Tipe II, yaitu sekitar 0,24% pada tahun 2020, meningkat menjadi 0,29% pada tahun 2021 (152 kasus), dan mencapai 0,37% pada tahun 2022 (195 kasus) dari total populasi wilayah kerja. Peningkatan prevalensi Diabetes Mellitus Tipe II yang dipengaruhi oleh pola makan tidak sehat menunjukkan pentingnya meneliti hubungan pengetahuan dan perilaku diet dengan kepatuhan diet pada pasien di UPT Puskesmas Ciruas Serang.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui Hubungan Pengetahuan Diet Dan Perilaku Diet Dengan Kepatuhan Menjalankan Diet Pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe II di UPT Puskesmas Ciruas, Serang.Metode: Menggunakan desain deskriptif analitik menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan desain penelitian Cross Sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh penderita DM tipe 2 yang berkunjung ke poli gizi UPT Puskesmas Ciruas sebanyak 130 orang. Sampel ditentukan dengan rumus Slovin, diperoleh 103 responden melalui simple random sampling. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner terstruktur mengenai pengetahuan, perilaku diet, dan kepatuhan diet. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,05.Hasil: Terdapat hubungan Pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan menjalankan diet pada penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe II di UPT Puskesmas Ciruas. Hasil uji statistik diperoleh nilai p= 0,018< 0.05). Terdapat hubungan hubungan Perilaku diet dengan kepatuhan menjalankan diet pada penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe II di UPT Puskesmas Ciruas. Hasil uji statistik diperoleh nilai p= 0,023< 0.05).Simpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar penderita DM tipe II di UPT Puskesmas Ciruas memiliki pengetahuan, perilaku, dan kepatuhan diet yang kurang baik. Hasil analisis membuktikan adanya hubungan signifikan antara pengetahuan diet (p=0,018) dan perilaku diet (p=0,023) dengan kepatuhan menjalankan diet. Dengan demikian, peningkatan pengetahuan dan perbaikan perilaku diet berperan penting dalam mendukung kepatuhan diet pada penderita DM tipe II.Kata Kunci : Diabetes mellitus tipe II; pengetahuan; perilaku; kepatuhan diet

KARAKTERISTIK FISIK DAN KADAR PROTEIN SUSU BUBUK KACANG MERAH (VIGNA ANGULARIS) DENGAN SUPLEMENTASI HIDROLISAT PROTEIN IKAN GABUS (CHANNA STRIATA) Christiana Retnaningsih; Victoria Kristina Ananningsih; Salma Nuri Shofiadewi; Alberta Rika Pratiwi
Journal of Nutrition College Vol 15, No 3 (2026): Juli
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jnc.v15i3.54667

ABSTRACTBackground: Red bean (Vigna angularis) milk serves as a potential protein and antioxidant alternative for individuals with lactose intolerance; however, it is limited by low amino acid content and poor emulsion stability. These deficiencies constrain its effectiveness as a nutritional intervention during the First 1,000 Days of Life. This study integrates snakehead fish (Channa striata) to enhance nutrient density through the intake of albumin and essential amino acids. Furthermore, the foam mat drying method with the addition of maltodextrin was applied to eliminate fishy odors, improve solubility, and extend shelf life as a strategic nutritional intervention.Methods: The method used was a single-factor Complete Random Design (RAL) consisting of three levels of Snakehead Protein Hydrolysate supplementation (K1:1%, K2:1.5%, and K3: 2%). The analysis was carried out on three main parameters, namely color intensity measured by the chromameter method (L*, a*, b* system), solubility by gravimetric method, and protein content using the Lowry method. All data obtained were statistically analyzed using One-Way ANOVA to determine the effect of treatment. If there is a real effect, the analysis is followed by the Duncan Follow-up Test at a significance level of 5% to determine the difference between treatment levels.Objective: To develop a red bean-based milk powder supplemented with snakehead fish protein hydrolysate and to analyze the physical characteristics and protein content of the product as a functional local food potential to support the fulfillment of protein requirements.Results In the physical analysis of the color of the sample, the highest lightness value was found in the K3 sample (88,27), and the lowest brightness value was found in K0 sample (86.50). The solubility analysis showed a sample solubility level of 90.30-91.33%, this is in accordance with the standard of milk powder with a solubility index of > 90%. The lowest protein levels in the sample were 25.85% (control) and the highest was 28.98% (K3 FPH 2%) protein.Conclusion: The color characteristics of red bean milk powder with FPH have a corresponding brightness value and a solubility value according to the SI standart, the protein content of red bean milk powder with snakehead fish Protein hydrolisate (HPI) supplementation increases along with the supplementation, so that it has the potential to prevent stunting.Keywords : Milk powder; red beans; fish protein hydrolisat ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Susu nabati kacang merah (Vigna angularis) merupakan alternatif protein dan antioksidan bagi penderita intoleransi laktosa, namun memiliki kandungan asam amino dan stabilitas emulsi yang masih rendah. Defisiensi ini membatasi efektivitasnya dalam mencegah stunting pada 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (HPK). Penelitian ini mengintegrasikan ikan gabus (Chana striata) untuk meningkatkan densitas gizi melalui asupan albumin dan asam amino esensial. Selain itu, metode foam mat drying dengan penambahan maltodekstrin diterapkan untuk menghilangkan aroma amis, meningkatkan kelarutan, serta memperpanjang umur simpan produk sebagai intervensi gizi strategis.Tujuan: Mengembangkan susu bubuk berbasis kacang merah dengan suplementasi hidrolisat protein ikan gabus, serta menganalisis karakteristik fisik, dan kadar protein produk, sebagai produk pangan lokal fungsional berpotensi mendukung pemenuhan kebutuhan protein.Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal yang terdiri dari tiga level suplementasi Hidrolisat Protein Ikan Gabus (K1:1%, K2:1,5%, dan K3:2%). Analisis dilakukan terhadap tiga parameter utama, yaitu intensitas warna yang diukur dengan metode chromameter (sistem L*, a*, b*), daya larut metode gravimetri, dan kadar protein menggunakan metode Lowry. Seluruh data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan One-Way ANOVA untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan. Jika terdapat pengaruh nyata, analisis dilanjutkan dengan Uji Lanjut Duncan pada taraf signifikansi 5% untuk menentukan perbedaan antar level perlakuan.Hasil: Analisis fisik warna sampel menunjukan nilai lightness tertinggi terdapat pada sampel K3 (88.27), dan tingkat kecerahan terendah dimiliki oleh sampel K0 (86,50). Analisis kelarutan menujukan tingkat kelarutan sampel 90.30–91.33%, hal ini sesuai dengan standar susu bubuk dengan solubility index > 90%. Analisis kadar protein terendah pada sampel adalah 25.85% (kontrol) dan tertinggi 28.98% (K3 suplementasi HPI 2%).Simpulan: Karakteristik warna susu bubuk kacang merah dengan HPI gabus memiliki nilai kecerahan yang sesuai dan kelarutan yang sesuai Standar Internasional (SI), kadar protein susu bubuk kacang merah dengan suplementasi HPI gabus meningkat seiring dengan suplementasi hidrolisat protein ikan gabus.Kata Kunci: Hidrolisat protein ikan; kacang merah; susu bubuk

EVALUATION OF AN ADAPTED FOOD CHOICE QUESTIONNAIRE FOR CLIMATE-VULNERABLE REGIONS: COASTAL, HILL, AND PLATEAU POPULATIONS Azzahra Khairunnisa Alya Mas'ud; Diana Nur Afifah; Denny Nugroho Sugianto
Journal of Nutrition College Vol 15, No 1 (2026): Januari
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jnc.v15i1.53746

ABSTRACTBackground: Food choice was driven by some motives, psychology or physiological needs. FCQ were conducted to assess and measure motives underlying of food choice, however, the original FCQ by Steptoe was over 30 years ago in U.K population. The original FCQ was urgently need to validate the factor in other population target based on cultural, social and health factors, also different of mother language of population target, especially in context of household food insecurity.Objectives: Aim of this study was (1) to assess modified FCQ in household food insecurity, (2) evaluate its construct validity and reliability of modified FCQ in household food insecurity.Methods: FCQ (36 items) was translated to Indonesian, back-to-back. Construct validation was performed with factor analysis (EFA and CFA). Internal consistency was performed by Cronbach’s α. Participants in this study were driven by random sampling, ratio 3:1. Total participants were 108, women over 20 years old, household food handler and live on; coastal, hills and plateau areas that affected by climate change.Results: 15 items were excluded, and remaining 21 items perform favorable results of goodness-of-fit indices (CFI 0.968, TLI 0.965, IFI 0.969, GFI 0.932, RMSEA 0.06, and SRMR 0.11). Internal consistency also performs an excellent consistency (Cronbach’s α 0.876).Conclusion: This modified FCQ is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing household food choice in populations affected by climate change and food insecurity, supported by strong psychometric performance. Further validation with a larger sample is recommended to enhance generalizability.Keyword: Factor analysis; food choice questionnaire; household food insecurity; reliability; validity

ANALISIS BIBLIOMETRIK: TREN COOKIES FUNGSIONAL TAHUN 2015–2025 Vioni Nurhasanah; Yenni Okfrianti; Kamsiah Kamsiah; Ade Febryanti
Journal of Nutrition College Vol 15, No 3 (2026): Juli
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jnc.v15i3.53465

ABSTRACTBackground: Functional cookies are food products developed not only for taste but also for their added health benefits, utilizing ingredients with bioactive compounds. In response to rising public interest in health and nutrition, this study explores the research landscape on functional cookies from 2015 to 2025. The bibliometric approach is used to understand trends, collaboration patterns, and potential innovations in this field.Objectives: encouraging innovation in the development of healthier and more attractive food products, in addition it is expected to contribute to the formulation of policies, the community presents scientific literature on food and opens opportunities for the local food industry.Methods: This research employed a descriptive bibliometric method using secondary data collected from the database Scopus. A total of 160 scientific articles were selected based on inclusion criteria using the keywords “functional cookies”. Data were processed using VOSViewer version 1.6.18 and R-Studio version 4.3.2 to analyze publication trends, most relevant keywords, prolific authors, collaboration networks, and journal contributions. Result: The analysis reveals a consistent increase in the number of publications related to functional cookies between 2015 and 2025. The most frequent keywords include: functional food, antioxidant, fiber, phenolic compounds, and cookies. The journal Foods contributed the highest number of publications, with 13 documents. The most cited document within this period recorded 85 citations. The most relevant country is India. Functional ingredients used include both conventional and underutilized food sources, such as banana peel, okara, spirulina, and moringa leaves, indicating a trend towards sustainable and innovative food processing.Conclusion: There is a growing global interest in the development of functional cookies as reflected in increasing research publications from 2015 to 2025. Most publications come from developing countries with a high focus on natural and sustainable ingredients. This analysis helps identify gaps in current research and offers direction for future innovation in functional food products.Keywords: Functional cookies; bibliometric analysis; food innovation; functional ingredients ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Functional cookies merupakan produk pangan yang dikembangkan tidak hanya untuk menghasilkan cita rasa yang baik, tetapi juga memberikan manfaat tambahan bagi kesehatan melalui penggunaan bahan yang mengandung senyawa bioaktif. Seiring meningkatnya kesadaran masyarakat terhadap pola makan sehat, penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi lanskap dan tren penelitian mengenai functional cookies selama periode 2015–2025.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mendorong inovasi dalam pengembangan produk pangan yang lebih sehat dan menarik. Selain itu, hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat berkontribusi dalam penyusunan kebijakan di bidang pangan, memperkaya literatur ilmiah mengenai pangan fungsional, serta membuka peluang bagi pengembangan industri pangan lokal.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode bibliometrik deskriptif dengan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari basis data Scopus. Sebanyak 160 artikel ilmiah yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dengan kata kunci "functional cookies" dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak VOSviewer versi 1.6.18 dan RStudio versi 4.5.1. Analisis dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi tren publikasi, kata kunci yang relevan, penulis paling produktif, jejaring kolaborasi, serta kontribusi jurnal.Hasil: Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya peningkatan jumlah publikasi mengenai functional cookies selama periode 2015–2025. Kata kunci yang paling sering digunakan meliputi functional food, antioksidan, serat, senyawa fenolik, dan cookies. Jurnal Foods merupakan jurnal yang paling banyak menerbitkan artikel terkait, yaitu sebanyak 13 publikasi. Artikel dengan jumlah sitasi tertinggi dalam periode tersebut memperoleh 85 sitasi. India merupakan negara dengan tingkat kolaborasi tertinggi dalam penelitian ini. Bahan fungsional yang umum digunakan meliputi bahan konvensional maupun limbah pangan yang belum banyak dimanfaatkan, seperti kulit pisang, okara, Spirulina, dan daun kelor.Simpulan: Terdapat peningkatan minat global terhadap pengembangan functional cookies yang tercermin dari tren publikasi selama periode 2015–2025. Negara-negara berkembang menjadi kontributor utama dalam penelitian ini dengan fokus pada pemanfaatan bahan alami dan berkelanjutan. Analisis bibliometrik ini memberikan wawasan penting untuk mengidentifikasi kesenjangan penelitian serta arah inovasi pengembangan produk pangan fungsional pada masa mendatang.Kata kunci: Functional cookies; analisis bibliometrik; inovasi pangan; bahan fungsional

IMPACT OF STATIN THERAPY ON LDL REDUCTION AND ITS NUTRITIONAL IMPLICATIONS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Lira Apriani Simbolon; Carissa Wityadarda; Bernadette Victoria; Nadia Amanda; Mayfa Yemima Simanjuntak; Syifha Nur Sallyima Rahardianti; Augustinus Lahagu; Prita Amelia Puspita Dewi
Journal of Nutrition College Vol 15, No 1 (2026): Januari
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jnc.v15i1.49366

ABSTRACTBackground: Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease risk. Statins are widely prescribed as a first-line treatment to lower LDL levels, although treatment outcomes can vary based on drug combinations and the patient's nutritional status.Objective: This review aims to systematically assess the effectiveness of statin therapy in lowering LDL cholesterol and to explore the potential benefits of combination treatments and the role of nutrition in enhancing therapeutic outcomes.Methods: A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches were performed on PubMed for the period between 2019 and 2024, focusing on clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, and meta-analyses involving human subjects. After screening and eligibility assessments, seven studies were included in the final analysis.Results: Statins were consistently found to reduce LDL cholesterol and lower the risk of cardiovascular events. Combination therapies, including statins with ezetimibe, omega-3 fatty acids, or fenofibrate, yielded superior outcomes compared to monotherapy. Rosuvastatin demonstrated greater LDL-lowering potential than atorvastatin, though with a slightly increased risk of diabetes. Moreover, nutritional factors—such as adequate fiber intake, healthy fats, and micronutrients like vitamin D and magnesium—were shown to support and potentially enhance the effectiveness of statin treatment.Conclusion: Statin therapy, whether used alone or in combination with other agents, is effective in managing LDL cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. Integrating pharmacological treatment with personalized nutritional strategies may further improve therapeutic success and long-term health outcomes in patients with dyslipidemia.Keywords: LDL cholesterol; statins therapy; nutrition impact

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Kota semarang,

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