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Michael Raharja Gani
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FACULTY OF PHARMACY UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA Kampus III, Paingan, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55282
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INDONESIA
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community
Published by Universitas Sanata Dharma
ISSN : 16935683     EISSN : 25277146     DOI : https://doi.org/10.24071/jpsc
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Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Komunitas (Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community) or J. Pharm. Sci. Community firstly published in 2003, is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in various pharmaceutical fields, including Pharmaceutical Technology and Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Biology, Community Pharmacy, and Clinical Pharmacy. J. Pharm. Sci. Community is managed and published in Yogyakarta, Indonesia by Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University Yogyakarta
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Articles 21 Documents
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Medication Adherence and Antihypertensive Treatment Intensification on Blood Pressure Control at Bali Mandara Hospital Desak Putu Meilinda Asri Swantari; Dita Maria Virginia; Phebe Hendra
Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Komunitas (Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community) Vol. 23 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sanata Dharma University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/jpsc.v23i1.1067

Abstract

Controlling blood pressure (BP) in hypertension patients can reduce cardiovascular events. Efforts to improve BP control include enhancing medication adherence and intensifying antihypertensive treatment. This study aims to analyze the association of adherence and treatment intensification of antihypertensives with therapeutic outcomes among outpatients and assess the role of additional contributing factors. This retrospective cohort study at Bali Mandara Regional Hospital used patient medical records from April 2023 to March 2024. Subjects included outpatients on antihypertensive therapy, meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria. The independent variables were adherence, measured by Medication Possession Ratio (MPR), and treatment intensification, assessed based on the Treatment Intensification (TI) score. The dependent variable is a therapeutic outcome, BP, at the end of the study period. This study found a strong relationship between treatment intensification and improved BP control (p<0.05). However, there was no correlation between medication adherence and BP status. Patients with higher TI scores generally achieved better control over their BP. Individuals with TI scores < 0 had a 24 times higher chance of experiencing uncontrolled blood pressure compared to patients with higher TI scores. These findings highlight the critical role of treatment intensification in managing BP effectively.
Antibacterial Activity Test Against Cutibacterium acne and Contaminant Testing of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) Anti-Acne Serum Hilma Putri; Phebe Hendra
Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Komunitas (Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community) Vol. 23 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sanata Dharma University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/jpsc.v23i1.1069

Abstract

Acne is a skin problem caused by the Cutibacterium acne bacteria, which has increasing bacterial resistance. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of spirulina extract serum against C. acne, as well as to test for microbial contamination, heavy metals, and microplastics in the serum. Antibacterial activity tests were conducted using the well diffusion method with varying concentrations of spirulina extract (0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%) compared to the positive control clindamycin. Microbial and heavy metal contamination tests were conducted based on standard laboratory methods. Verify microplastic-free status using the "Beat the Microbead" app. The test results show that spirulina extract does not produce a significant inhibition zone. However, after being formulated into a serum, there is an increase in antibacterial activity classified as strong, with an average largest inhibition zone diameter of 16.27 ± 0.25 mm. Contamination testing shows that the serum meets Indonesian Food and Drug Authority cosmetic safety requirements, is free from the Total Plate Count, Mold and Yeast Count, pathogenic microbes, and heavy metals within permissible limits. The microplastic test also showed that the serum does not contain microplastics, with the scanning results appearing green. In conclusion, spirulina extract serum has antibacterial activity and potential as a safe and environmentally friendly anti-acne product.
Employing Ensemble Protein-Ligand Interaction Fingerprints to Mimic Induced-Fit Theory in Structure-Based Virtual Screening Targeting Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Enade Perdana Istyastono; Bonifacius Ivan Wiranata; Florentinus D.O. Riswanto; Fransiska Kurniawan; Tasia Amelia; Nunung Yuniarti; Eko Adi Prasetyanto
Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Komunitas (Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community) Vol. 23 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sanata Dharma University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/jpsc.v23i1.1070

Abstract

We have successfully employed PyPLIF HIPPOS in retrospective Structure-Based Virtual Screening (SBVS) campaigns targeting some G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), which could pinpoint the molecular determinants of the protein-ligand bindings and increase the quality of the SBVS protocols. We were then tempted to append with molecular dynamics simulations using YASARA-Structure to mimic the induced-fit theory in the construction of SBVS protocols targeting dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4). The protocol was retrospectively validated by employing the DPP4 ligands and decoys provided by the Directory of Useful Decoys: Enhanced (DUDE). The best SBVS protocol from this research has the balanced accuracy (BA) value of 0.836, which could be used further in prospective screening campaigns. 
The Effect of Medication Adherence and Controlled HbA1c to Blood Pressure and ASCVD Risk in Hypertensive and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A multicenter study in Primary Health Care C. Vera Dwi Pratiwi; Phebe Hendra; Agustina Rimanita Fortinasari; Dita Maria Virginia
Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Komunitas (Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community) Vol. 23 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sanata Dharma University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/jpsc.v23i1.1071

Abstract

Background: Hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are significantly increasing the risk of cardiovascular complications. The effects of medication adherence and glycemic control have been studied extensively, in part, on blood pressure or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of medication adherence and controlled HbA1c levels on blood pressure and ASCVD risk among patients with hypertension and T2DM. Method: We conducted observational study with cross-sectional design to analyze the medical record data. Data were extracted from the medical records of patients diagnosed with T2DM and hypertension as comorbid at DIY primary health care (PHC). Adherence was measured quantitatively using the Medication Possession Ratio (MPR) and qualitatively using the Medication Adherence Rating Scale-5 (MARS-5). The ASCVD risk was assessed using the Framingham Risk Score. We performed chi-square and multivariate logistic analyses to analyze the relationships between variables. Results: A total of 720 respondents were recruited and participated in our study, but only 127 fulfilled the requirements. The uncontrolled blood pressure and high-risk ASCVD were 34.6% and 84.3%, respectively. The MPR was significantly higher in the controlled blood pressure group (P-value = 0.04), but not in the MARS-5 parameters (P-value 0.98). Females tended to have high-risk ASCVD (P-value 0.01). The study could not detect a significant association between adherence and controlled HbA1c to uncontrolled blood pressure and high-risk ASCVD, either in bivariate analysis or after adjusting for some variables (P-value > 0.05). Conclusion: Controlled HbA1c level and adherence were not significantly associated with uncontrolled blood pressure or high-risk ASCVD.
Optimization of temperature and drying time in the process of making paracetamol tablets using PVP K-25 as a Binder Yanita Yomberlin Sinta Maria Barangan; Agatha Budi Susiana Lestari
Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Komunitas (Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community) Vol. 23 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sanata Dharma University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/jpsc.v23i1.1072

Abstract

Wet granulation is a crucial technique in tablet manufacturing as it improves the physical properties of the formulation, such as the flowability and compressibility of paracetamol. One of the critical stages in this process is drying the granules using oven heating. This study aims to optimize the drying temperature and time and evaluate their effects on the physical properties of paracetamol granules and tablets. PVP K-25 was selected as a binder due to its ability to enhance tablet compactness. A full factorial experimental design with two factors and two levels was used, optimizing drying temperature (°C) and drying time (hours) based on the physical properties of granules and tablets. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Design Expert 13 software to determine the optimal formulation. The results showed that drying temperature, drying time, and their interaction significantly affected the physical characteristics of granules and tablets. The optimal formulation was achieved at 55°C for 4 hours. Formula A (40°C, 6 hours) and Formula B (60°C, 3 hours) demonstrated the best results in producing tablets with desirable physical properties. Thus, optimizing drying temperature and time can enhance the quality of paracetamol granules and tablets. 
The Effect of Glycerin and Squalane on Skin Moisture in Green Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Nanostructrure Lipid Carrier Preparation Cynthia Gracella Gamas; Rini Dwiastuti; Lutfi Chabib
Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Komunitas (Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community) Vol. 23 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sanata Dharma University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/jpsc.v23i1.1073

Abstract

Healthy skin requires optimal moisture levels to maintain its barrier function and prevent transepidermal water loss (TEWL). This study aims to analyze the effect of adding glycerin (humectant) and squalane (emollient) in Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) nano green tea extract (Camellia sinensis L.) preparations on skin moisture, as measured by TEWL parameters. This experimental study used three formulas: F1 (without moisturizer), F2 (with squalane), and F3 (with glycerin). Twelve healthy volunteers participated as test subjects. Physicochemical characteristics of the preparation, including organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, particle size, PDI, and zeta potential, were evaluated. Additionally, antibacterial activity, entrapment efficiency, and TEWL values (before and after application) were measured. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, homogeneity test, One-Way ANOVA, and Post-Hoc Tukey HSD tests. The results showed that use of a humectant (glycerin) and an emollient (squalane) in the NLC formulation exerts an influence on the reduction of Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in the skin. Based on the Post Hoc Tukey HSD test, the F1 formulation without additional moisturizer provides the most significant TEWL reduction effect compared to the F2 (with squalane) and F3 (with glycerin) formulas (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, F2 (with squalane) only shows a significant advantage compared to F3 (with glycerin) after reaching the 45th minute. This indicates that the addition of squalane as an emollient is more effective in increasing hydration and repairing the skin barrier function compared to the use of glycerin in the NLC system.
Drug Information Services at Primary Healthcare, A Study of Patient Satisfaction Analysis among Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Kapanewon Depok Yogyakarta Indonesia Geraldi Fredrik Daud Tumimbang; Maria Wisnu Donowati
Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Komunitas (Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community) Vol. 23 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sanata Dharma University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/jpsc.v23i1.1074

Abstract

Background: Patient satisfaction with drug information services is an important indicator of health services quality.  These services are paramount to diabetes management. They ensure the proper use of medications. The quality of drug information services affects the satisfaction of patients with diabetes. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the level of satisfaction among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus regarding drug information services. Methodology: This observational analytic study used a cross-sectional design. Data were collected using a 21-question questionnaire and interviews based on seven guidelines for providing drug information. The respondents were selected using purposive sampling. The number of them was calculated using the Slovin formula.  Interviews were conducted with pharmacists who provided drug information services. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data in this study. Satisfaction analysis in this study used the calculation of the gap between reality and expectations. Result: The respondents were 98 people with type 2 diabetes from Kapanewon Depok Yogyakarta Primary Healthcare who received drug information services. The results indicate that most patients are satisfied with the drug information services at Kapanewon Depok Yogyakarta Primary Healthcare. A dissatisfaction on the right medication found in Depok II. 
Stability of Orally Dissolving Film of Zingiber officinale Roscoe Extract With HPMC And Maltodextrin as Polymer Srie Rezeki Nur Endah; Iis Nur Asiah; Susanti Susanti; Nitya Nurul Fadilah; Ali Nofriyaldi
Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Komunitas (Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community) Vol. 23 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sanata Dharma University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/jpsc.v23i1.1075

Abstract

The pharmaceutical industry is developing pharmaceutical technology with better bioavailability because the drugs are absorbed pre-gastric, namely orally dissolving film (ODF). The ODFs containing HPMC as a film-forming agent exhibit brittleness, stickiness, and a rough surface. In contrast, maltodextrin polymer-based films have a smooth transparent surface, tensile strength, and mouthfeel. Testing the effect of varying concentrations of maltodextrin as a film-forming agent on the characterization of ODF. Three formulas with different ratio of HPMC and maltodextrin polymer (2:1; 2:2; 2:3) were tested for organoleptic, film thickness, pH, folding endurance, disintegration, and stability of the ODF. The test results were then analyzed statistically using the one-way analysis method. Formulas 1, 2, and 3 reduce the characteristics of ODF red ginger extract in the form of a thin yellow-brown layer with a distinctive odor and spicy taste, a film thickness of 0,06-0,10 mm, a ph of 6,82-6,92, a folding endurance of 368-418x fold, and a disintegration of 48,59-61,39 seconds. Variations in the concentration of maltodextrin as a polymer show that there is an influence on the characteristics of the ODF red ginger extract, which is indicated by a sig value of <0,05 in testing a film thickness, pH, folding endurance, and disintegration.
Improving Adherence to ARV Therapy in person Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) by The Community-Based Interactive Approach (CBIA) in Temanggung District, Indonesia Sisilia Esti Purwaningsih; Titien Siwi Hartayu
Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Komunitas (Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community) Vol. 23 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sanata Dharma University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/jpsc.v23i1.1076

Abstract

Adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy is critical for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) since it extends life expectancy despite not curing the infection. A study in Temanggung District aimed to enhance knowledge, attitudes, and practices of PLWHA using the Community-Based Interactive Approach (CBIA-ARV). This quasi-experimental study employed a time-series pretest-posttest design with control and intervention groups, selecting participants through purposive sampling based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria used were Smile Plus members (≥ 18 years), PLWHA ≥1 year, receiving ARV drug therapy, not pregnant, and not experiencing communication barriers. Exclusion criteria were participants who could not be present during CBIA-ARV activities and participants who were not present during posttest 2 and or posttest 3. Interventions were provided using the CBIA-ARV method. The intervention significantly improved knowledge, attitudes, and practices in the intervention group across all time points: pre-post 1, 2, and 3 (knowledge: p=0.001, attitudes: p=0.001, practices: p=0.001). In contrast, the control group showed minimal changes in knowledge and attitudes initially, with significant improvements appearing only in attitudes and practices later (p=0.001). Comparing both groups, significant differences emerged post-intervention in knowledge, attitudes, and practices at various stages (p<0.05). The study concluded that the CBIA-ARV approach effectively enhances PLWHA’s knowledge and attitudes, proving to be a valuable method for improving treatment adherence in this population. 
Relationship of Knowledge and Attitudes on Vitamin D Status in Active Smokers Amelia Lorensia; Marthy Meliana Ariyanti Jalmav; Eva Amilia; Amirah Dyandra Sybil
Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Komunitas (Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community) Vol. 23 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sanata Dharma University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/jpsc.v23i1.1077

Abstract

Systemic exposure to cigarette smoke adversely affects the metabolism of vitamin D. An individual's understanding of smoking can significantly shape their attitude towards it. This study sought to explore the correlation between knowledge and attitudes regarding vitamin D levels among active smokers. This type of research is cross sectional in the Mejoyo area, carried out in April-July 2023. Respondents were male active smokers who and not having allergies to fish, eggs and milk, by using a purposive sampling technique. Respondents were filling in demographic data, filling out a knowledge and attitude questionnaire, as well as a vitamin D status questionnaire. The relationship between knowledge, attitudes and vitamin D status was tested using chi-square. The total number of respondents was 124 people. Most respondents had low level of knowledge (82.40%) and medium attitude level (92.80%). The risk of vitamin D deficiency was 54.80% and no risk of vitamin D deficiency was 45.20%. With the chi-square test, there was no significant relationship between knowledge (P=0.173) and attitude (P=0.960) related to vitamin D and the risk of vitamin D deficiency. Therefore, further research is needed on the factors that influence vitamin D by increasing knowledge and attitudes.

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