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INDONESIA
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI adalah jurnal yang diterbitkan oleh Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro untuk mempublikasikan karya ilmiah - karya ilmiah mahasiswa Program S1 Teknik Kimia Undip.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 178 Documents
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KINETIKA REAKSI DEPOLIMERISASI KARAGINAN PADA SUHU DAN pH OPTIMUM DENGAN KATALISATOR ASAM SULFAT Inggrid K. Wardhani; Samir Badres; Aji Prasetyaningrum
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Karaginan merupakan polisakarida alami yang dihasilkan dari proses ekstraksi alga merah kelas Rhodophyceae  dan merupakan polimer dari unit α-L- dan/atau α-D- atau β-D-galaktopyranosil.. Karaginan sangat bermanfaat dalam bidang biomedis karenamemiliki sifat  elektronegatif yang kuat. Kerapatan muatanantara estersulfat yang ada memungkinkan terjadinya interaksi elektrostatikdengan protein secara spesifik, sehingga menyebabkan munculnya fungsi aktivitas biologi senyawa tersebut.Penggunaan karaginan  dalam aplikasi biomedis  sering dibatasi oleh ukuran berat molekul dan viskositasnya yang tinggi. Dengan merubah menjadi (Low Molecular Weight Fractions (LMWFs), karaginan memiliki rantai yang  lebih pendek sehingga  dapatmasuk ke dalam sel lebihefisien danefektifdibandingkan karaginan beratmolekultinggi.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinetika reaksi pembentukan karaginan BM rendah (LMWFs) melalui proses depolimerisasi kimia (hidrolisa pada kondisi asam/H2SO4) pada kondisi operasi (pH dan suhu) optimum. Proses hidrolisa dilakukan selama 2 jam kemudiansampel diambil per 15 menit untuk dianalisis berat molekulnya. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan perbandingan karaginan  dan air (0,6 g :1000 mL),dengan variasi pH dan variasisuhu. Pada pH 2 dan suhu operasi 70°C diperoleh kondisi optimaldengan nilai konstanta kecepatan reaksi depolimerisasi k = 9,72×10-12/detik.
PENGAMBILAN ZAT WARNA ALAMI DARI KAYU NANGKA Dany Eka Parasetia; R Ritaningsih; P Purwanto
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Textile dyes are divided into two, namely natural dyes and synthetic dyes. Natural dyes derived fromanimals and plants while the synthesis of dyes can be produced from these chemicals. Jackfruit plants is one type ofplant that can be utilized as a source of natural dyes for textiles by the wood extract. Manufacture of dyes from thejackfruit wood performed by the method of continue extractionoe with a soxhlet.Extraction results in the ratio 1: 15 that is the longer the extraction time the higher the yield obtained. Theoptimum time for extraction is 5 hours with a yield of 2.62% obtained for wood powder and shavings in 1:31% forwater content in the material 10%. While on the water content of 50% results in a material obtained by extraction of2.08% for wood powder and 1.08% for the shavings. In the ratio 1: 10 gained 1.68% yield for wood powder andshavings to 0.94% for water content in the material 10%. While on the water content of 50% results in a material is1.43% to 0.89% sawdust and shavings for.A very influential variable is the size of material and moisture content in the material. In the extraction ofdyes, solvents with a ratio of 1:15, the water content of 10% and the size of 100 mesh material produced the greatestyield of 2.62% obtained by linear regression is Y = 1.328 + 0256 x with a percent error of 0.16%.In the test fabric made with two methods ie with loundrymeter method for washing and methods crockmeterfor the desecration. Results of analysis of the fabric that has been colored later in the match with a grayscale andstainning scale.
PEMBUATAN ETANOL DARI KULIT PISANG SECARA FERMENTASI Asteria Apriliani S.; Franky Agustinus; Agus Hadiyarto
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 2, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Banana peels, once only a waste, can be used as biomass sources. Banana peels contain enough carbohydrate which can be used as carbon sources in ethanol production. In this experiment, banana peels were hydrolized by HCL 37% in pH 1. The hydrolysis was done on temperature of 50, 60, 70, and 80oC in 60 minutes. After that they were fermented by Saccharomyces cereciceae with variable of nutrient Diammonium phosphat 10, 20, and 30 gr/l in 12 days. Result showed that the optimum ammount of glucose was 83,021 gr/l. It was obtained from hydrolysis of 70oC in 60 minutes. Conversion carbohydrate to glucose reached 91,2% mole. Fermentation product decreased when concentration of ethanol reached 5,32%v. The optimum ammount of ethanol was 314,46 gr ethanol/ kg dry banana peels, obtained from the 8th of fermentation.
PENGGUNAAN TEKNOLOGI PENGERING UNGGUN TERFLUIDISASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EFISIENSI PENGERINGAN TEPUNG TAPIOKA Rizky Adi N; Nafiah Amalia; S Suherman; R Ratnawati
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Drying of cassava starch using conventional method has many disadvantages, such as longer drying time, totally dependent on good weather, and inconsistent product quality. It drives this research to develop fluidized bed drying technology which is more efficient and able to operate continuously. The advantages of fluid bed dryer include ease of control, good quality of product, and free of dirt. The objectives of this research are to determine the effects of temperature and velocity of drying air to the drying process and product. The drying products were compared to the products of conventional drying. The experiment was carried out at various temperature (30, 40, 50, and 60 oC) and air velocity (2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 m/s). The results indicate that the optimum temperature for drying is 50 oC, while the air velocity is 2.5 m/s. Proximate analysis shows that the product of fluidized bed drying has better quality than that of conventional sun drying.
PENINGKATAN KUALITAS GABAH DENGAN PROSES PENGERINGAN MENGGUNAKAN ZEOLIT ALAM PADA UNGGUN TERFLUIDISASI Rohmat Figiarto; Sheila Luvi Galvani; M. Djaeni
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

One of problem in paddy production in Indonesia is at paddy grain drying process. This far, farmers in indonesia are very dependent on sun rays to dry their paddy grain, therefore, when the rain season comes, they find it hard to dry it. Also, the quality of sun drying is considered low. The goals of this research are to dry paddy grain in fluidized bed using natural zeolite to make drying process faster, to obtain the effect of operation condition to drying process, and to obtain the effect of operation condition to paddy quality. the  condition operation in this research are air temperatures (30, 40, 50, 60C), air velocity (1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 m/s),  and rasio of paddy grain to zeolite (0%, 20, 40, 60% zeolite).  this research are done by drying paddy grain in fluidized bed  in certain time until the moisture content of paddy grain  is 12 - 14%. The result of this research are as follow: at 30C Nc = 0.0054, at 60C Nc = 0.012. air velocity at 1.5 m/s  Nc = 0.0071, where at 3 m/s Nc = 0.0115. Non zeolit variable  Nc = 0.0051, where at 60% zeolite, Nc = 0.0068. From these data, we can conclude that as the air temperature, air velocity and %w zeolite increase, the drying rate will increase therefore drying process takes shorter time. The best quality of dry paddy grain is produced when the air temperature is 40C. The increasity of air velocity %w zeolite can improved the quality of paddy grain.
PEMBUATAN PIGMENT TITANIUM DIOKSIDA (TIO2) DARI ILMENITE (FETIO3) SISA PENGOLAHAN PASIR ZIRCONDENGANPROSES BECHER Mohammad Taufik Mohar; Dewi Fatmawati; Setia Budi Sasongko
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Indonesia is a country that has a lot of Ilmenite (FeTiO3), but as yet only plays the role of an exporter of this important raw material. The exact conditions for processing Ilmenite into products for sand proficiency levels as well as industrial raw material pigments are not yet known. Improved grade of titanium dioxide as a separation process should be supported by research on natural raw material sources that can be used. One raw material is waste zircon sand in Central Kalimantan (Borneo), which contains 80-90% of Ilmenite. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of aeration time and concentration of salt catalyst (NH4Cl) on the transformation rate of iron (Fe) into iron oxide (Fe2O3), where iron oxide and titanium dioxide was separated by acid leaching process to produce pure titanium dioxide. The titanium oxide purification process adopted from Becher process which is the process of oxidation, reduction, aeration, leaching, stripping, and calcination. In this experiment, the fixed variables used were time of oxidation and reduction of 3 hours and time of calcination of 3 hours. The changing variables used were aeration time of 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours; and concentration of salt catalyst (NH4Cl) of 1%, 2%, and 3%. XRD (X-ray Diffraction) qualitative analysis and GSAS (General Structure Analysis System) quantitative analysis on the results showed an increase in TiO2 content on all the variables. The process of increasing TiO2 content at a variable of 1% NH4Cl gave the best result. The greater the concentration of NH4Cl catalyst, the smaller the TiO2 increase. The best time for improving the grade of TiO2 was 4 hours, proven by a very effective transformation of Fe into Fe2O3. The result of research gave a potential concentration of titanium dioxide was 45.86% with aeration process time of 4 hoursand NH4Cl concentration of 1%.
PAKAN APUNG ARTIFASIAL UNTUK BUDIDAYA IKAN LELE PENGARUH PENGAPUNGAN PAKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN IKAN LELE DENGAN METODE PENGUKURAN FCR (FEED CONVERSION RATIO) Rizal Isnain Muttaqin; Djoko Murwono
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Catfish is a fish that consumed by many people in Indonesia, a relatively high nutrient content and relativelyinexpensive price of catfish are the reasons why catfish become people's choice. Thus, the need of catfish growscontinuosly in every area, it is directly proportional to the increasing demand for catfish feed. To improve the qualityof livestock products, especially catfish fishing, artificial floating feed manufacturing is an option that is expected tohelp the government to solve the problem. In this research will be carried out experiments to obtain the ideal feedcomposition as a reference artificial floating feed making. Variable composition of fine bran in this study is 20%,22%, 24%, 26%, and 28%. While the observation of weight gain of catfish by the method of FCR (Feed ConversionRatio) is done by a basket of catfish weighed in at once and then taken catfish weight average rating, catfishweighing performed at the age of multiples of 7 days to harvest. As for the observation that the amount of feedconsumed was also done weekly until it is possible catfish ready for harvest. Data obtained results is that thecomposition in the manufacture of ideal artificial feed is 24% fine bran, 40% fish meal (chicken feather meal) and36% starch. Of this composition, artificial floating feed is able to float for 15 minutes. Economic analysis of the dataobtained that the use of a combination of artificial feed and feed from the company with NAIC is more profitablethan the use of feed from the company entirely without the NAIC is gained 21.7%. But for the future, farmers areadvised to use catfish artificial feed entirely due to the benefits which can be increased to 35.8%.
EKSTRAKSI DAUN SIRSAK (ANNONA MURICATA L) MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT ETANOL Galih Prihasetya Hermawan; Hendrawan Laksono; Indro Sumantri
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 2, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Soursop (Annona muricata L) is one of fruit that originated from Caribbean, middle America and south America. Acetogenins contain in the soursop especially in the leaves. Acetogenins is polyketides compound with structure straight carbon chain 30-32 that bounded with group 5-methyl-2-furanone. Furanone chain in the group of hydrofuranone have cytotoxic activity. One of the problem in the usage of soursop leaves extract is lack of efficiency of the solvent. This research have purpose to know affected variable and determined operation condition optimum in the extraction with maseration method of cytotoxic substance from soursop leaves. This research was engineered with factorial design method with 2 level and 4 independent variables which are drying material with and without drying, extraction time 1 and 2 days, samples mass 4 and 7 grams, fractination solvent etanol and n-hexane. The dependent variables are extraction’s volume solvent 200 ml, extraction temperature 28oC (room condition), and etanol solvent. The 4 independent variables give positive result / increases fenol level and the most affected variables are drying, samples mass, and extraction time. Optimum condition in the extraction process are 7 grams of weight, with drying process, and extraction time 2 days.
PRODUKSI ENZIM INVERTASE OLEH SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE MENGGUNAKAN SUBSTRAT GULA DENGAN SISTEM FERMENTASI CAIR Argadenta Adi Prabawa; Emil Hanityo Utomo; A. Abdullah
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Sugar is one of simple carbohydrates that act as source of primary energy and  popular commodity trading. Sugar most widely traded in the form of crystalline solid sucrose. The addition of sucrose in the media serves as a carbon source. The purpose of this study was to produce the invertase enzyme, Assessing the impact of substrate concentration and nitrogen source on the production of invertase, and establish optimum conditions for production of the invertase enzyme. In this study the method used is a liquid fermentation systems. Research carried out in erlenmeyer with fixed variables, among other nutrients in the media (MgSO4.7H2O KH2PO4 0.5 mg and 2.3 mg), fermentation temperature of 30oC, fermentation pH 4.5 and within 48 hours and media were incubated in an incubator Secker . The variables changed in this study is the concentration of sucrose, among others, 100; 125; and 150 g / L and the concentration of N sources, including 2.6; 3.2, and 3.8 g / L. The results of fermentation was separated  by centrifugation to obtain the invertase enzyme, then the protein levels were analyzed by the Lowry’s method and enzyme activity were tested using the method of DNS (3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid). The experimental results showed that sugar substrates can be used to produce the invertase enzyme by Saccharomyces cerevieae with protein levels of 5.309 mg / L and the resulting enzyme activity 0.05916 mmol / L.minute. The most optimum enzyme activity is achieved at a concentration of sucrose and nitrogen sources are sufficient (125 g / L and 3.2 g / L).
PROSES EKSTRAKSI REAKTIF MINYAK JAHE DENGAN KATALIS HCL DENGAN BERBANTUKAN GELOMBANG ULTRASONIK Dian Arofisma; Maharani Kusumaningrum; Abdullah Abdullah
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

The increased consumption of essential oil is mainly used in the pharmaceutical industry. One type of the essential oil is ginger oil (Zingiber officinale). The main of reaction to produce ginger oil is esterification reaction. The reaction takes place relative slowly, and it  doesn’t occur perfectly so it needs many catalyzes and alcohol.This research is expected can reduce the acid level of ginger oil and it can be obtained by the reaction of ginger oil product assisted by ultrasonic waves. The aim of this research is to obtainoptimumconditions forginger oilproductionprocesswithultrasonicwaveswhich includesa variabletemperature, catalyst concentrationto the weight ofmethanol, and theweight ratio ofmethanolbyweight ginger, to determine the most variables effect are temperature, catalyst concentrationto the weight ofmethanol, and theweight ratio ofmethanolbyweight ginger, toacquirethe characteristics ofginger oilgenerated with low acid level, and to know zingerone component in ginger oil. The research is done by ultrasonic cleaner with frequency of 40 KHz, time for reaction is 60 minutes. In this research, the variabels include the ratio of weight ginger with methanol 1:8, 1:10, 1:12, the catalyst of 2% methanol(wt),3% methanol(wt), 4% methanol(wt), And the reaction of variable temperature of 400C, 600C, 800C. The optimum variables with central composite design are the ratio of weight ginger with methanol 1:9,72;  the catalyst of 3,21 % methanol(wt), And the reaction of variable temperature of 65,920C so it has getting an optimum yield 67,09%.  highest of ginger oil conversion obtained were 64,97%, with ginger :  metanol of 1:10, catalyst of 3% and operation temperature of 60oC.

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