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INDONESIA
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI adalah jurnal yang diterbitkan oleh Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro untuk mempublikasikan karya ilmiah - karya ilmiah mahasiswa Program S1 Teknik Kimia Undip.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 178 Documents
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REDUKSI KALSIUM OKSALAT DENGAN PEREBUSAN MENGGUNAKAN LARUTAN NaCl DAN PENEPUNGAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS SENTE (ALOCASIA MACRORRHIZA) SEBAGAI BAHAN PANGAN Siti Chotimah; Desi Tri Fajarini; Catarina Sri Budiyati
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 2, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Kebutuhan akan pangan terutama beras dan gandum di Indonesia semakin meningkat dengan bertambahnya jumlah penduduk, sehingga impor beras dan gandum di Indonesia juga terus menigkat. Untuk menekan ketergantungan pada impor gandum dan beras maka dilakukan upaya pemanfaatan bahan pangan lain seperti talas sente (Alocasia macrorrhiza). Salah satu kendala dalam penggunaan talas sente sebagai bahan pangan adalah adanya rasa gatal yang disebabkan oleh adanya senyawa kalsium oksalat. Dalam penelitian ini untuk mereduksi kalsium oksalat dilakukan dengan perebusan dalam air dan larutan NaCl. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengurangi kandungan kalsium oksalat pada talas sente. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara sebagai berikut: bahan baku berupa umbi sente dikupas kulitnya, dicuci dengan air sampai bersih dan dipotong dengan ukuran 2 x 3 cm kemudian dilakukan analisa proksimat. Dua ratus lima puluh gram umbi direbus dalam larutan NaCl pada suhu 80ºC, 90ºC, 100ºC dan konsentrasi 0, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%. Setiap 5 menit sampel diambil sebanyak 12 gram untuk dianalisa kadar kalsium oksalat dan kadar airnya. Perebusan dilakukan sampai 30 menit. Setelah didapatkan kondisi optimum, umbi sente rebus dikeringkan dalam oven pada suhu 105ºC sampai berat konstan kemudian ditepungkan. Tepung dianalisa proksimat, bakteri dan logam berat. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh penurunan kandungan kalsium oksalat paling tinggi pada perebusan dengan larutan NaCl 6% pada suhu 80°C selama 30 menit yaitu mampu menurunkan kandungan kalsium oksalat sebesar 60%. Namun, pada perebusan dengan larutan NaCl 6% akan menyebabkan perubahan rasa pada tepung talas. Pengambilan titik optimum pada penelitian ini adalah pada perebusan dengan larutan NaCl 2% pada suhu 80°C selama 30 menit yang mampu menurunkan kandungan kalsium oksalat sebesar 49,38%. Kandungan kalsium oksalat pada tepung talas sente yaitu 648 mg/100g, sedangkan kadar oksalat yang diizinkan sebesar 71 mg/100g (Sefa-Dedeh and Agyir-Sackey, 2004). Sehingga tepung talas sente ini belum layak untuk dikonsumsi.
PEMBUATAN BIOGAS DARI SAMPAH SAYURAN Andreas Felix S.; Paramitha S.B.U.; Diyono Ikhsan
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Vegetable waste is produced in a huge volume everyday. The sources of this waste  are traditional market, where the waste is usually  unusefull or just taken by people for feeding cows. It is actually an organic waste that can be used to make biogas. The reactions of biogas reforming are included by three steps, hydrolysis reaction, acidic reaction and methanogenic reaction. At this research we use cow manure as a mixing and  as starter for methanobacteria.The intention of this research are to make biogas using vegetable waste from traditional market in batch system, to know the concentration and composition of  vegetable waste, water and cow manure in slurry, and also to know the heating value and volume of biogas. Tools that used are plastic tank and simple type of  floating drum biodigester with manometer that is operated in room temperature, atmospheric pressure. The dependence variables are concentration of slurry within 6-10 % (dry basic weight per volume slurry) and composition  1 : 0, 1 : 0,5 and 1 : 1 weight comparison of vegetable waste with  cow manure. The data  of  biogas volume and heating value will be observed everyday until the production of biogas stops.Biogas is produced since the first day of digestion until 35 days. The accumulation of biogas volume is reached the highest amount in 9 % of concentration and 1 : 0,5 of composition. The analysis of heating value is being measured based on the highest volume from the best consentration and composition. Biogas can be burned on the 7th day until 30th. The highest heating value of it is about 10081 Joule/day on the 18th day. This is happen during the periode of regeneration time of methanogenic bacteria which converts the acetic acid into methane.
PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL GRADE BAHAN BAKAR DARI BAHAN BAKU UMBI GADUNG MELALUI PROSES FERMENTASI DAN DISTILASI-DEHIDRASI Agnes Kinanthi Nugraheni; Lazuardy R. Zakaria; H Hargono
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Cadangan energi fosil semakin hari semakin berkurang, sedangkan kebutuhan BBM terus meningkat. Untuk mencukupi kebutuhan bahan bakar yang terbarukan nantinya, dapat dikembangkan bahan bakar alternatif, dalam hal ini berupa gasohol. Oleh karena itu, pengkajian dan pengembangan akan bahan baku bioetanol yang merupakan bahan campuran gasohol sangat diperlukan. Dalam penelitian ini dikembangkan produksi bioetanol dari umbi gadung (Dioscorea hispida). Bioetanol dibuat dengan bahan dasar umbi gadung yang dihidrolisa menggunakan variasi volume enzim α-amilase dan gluko-amilase (2 ml, 4 ml, 6 ml). Glukosa dengan hasil terbaik yang dihasilkan dari proses hidrolisa tersebut, difermentasi dengan metode Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) menggunakan variasi massa yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (12 gr, 36 gr, 60 gr). Hasil fermentasi glukosa dimurnikan dengan distilasi. Hasil distilasi dengan kadar etanol tertinggi didehidrasi dengan variasi massa adsorben silika gel (62,5gr, 83,3gr, 125 gr) untuk menghasilkan produk akhir bioetanol. Dalam penelitian ini, kadar glukosa tertinggi dihasilkan oleh penambahan volume enzim alfa-amilase dan gluko-amilase sebanyak 4 ml, sedangkan kadar etanol hasil distilasi tertinggi dihasilkan oleh penambahan massa ragi sebanyak 36 gr. Pada proses dehidrasi, kadar etanol hasil dehidrasi tertinggi dihasilkan oleh penambahan massa adsorben silika gel sebanyak 125gr.
PEMBUATAN BIODESEL DARI BERMACAM MINYAK GORENG BEKAS DENGAN PROSES TRANSESTERIFIKASI Alik Kandhita Febriani; Arie Nurmala Dewi
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Today, Biodiesel attracts the Scientists to do further research, because Biodiesel can be used as a substitute for fossil fuel. Biodiesel can be made from various type of plant oils. In this research the authors choses palm oil that has been used for the purpose of utilizing the waste. Waste palm oil is classified into two types: one-time used of cooking oil and several times used. Stages of the manufacture of Biodiesel from waste palm oil is FFA (Free Fatty Acid) decreasing by esterification and the second process is the transesterification. After passing through two stages of the process, followed by calculating the weight percent of FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) by GC (Gas Chromatography) analysis. The result is 80,58% for one time use palm oil with component that are suspected as methyl ester is 47,40%, while several times-used palm oil has 89,67% weigh percent of FAME with component that are suspected as methyl ester is 53,46%, so the several times-used palm oil produces methyl ester yield more than one time-used palm oil. From the result of  the preliminary analysis, it continues to the next analysis, those are physical analysis (density, viscosity) and chemical analysis (acid number, saponification number). This analysis is done in 16 times runs with the variables, methanol : palm oil weight ratios are 0,75:1; 1,56:1; 2,34:1 dan 3,13:1, and time of transesterification are 60, 70, 80, and 90 minutes. From the analysis results, the best result is 12th run with 1 : 2,34 methanol : oil ratio and 90 minutes transesterification. It has 0,87 gr/ml of density, 2,24 cst of viscosity, 0,26 mg KOH/gr of acid number, and 336 mg KOH/gr of saponification number.
PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI KATALIS HETEROGEN SO 2- - ZnO DAN SO42- / ZnO DENGAN METODE KOPRESIPITASI DAN IMPREGNASI UNTUK PRODUKSI BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK KEDELAI D. A. Rahmawati; D. Intaningrum; Istadi Istadi
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

In this reasearch focuses on the physical and chemical 2- characterization of 2- sulfated zinc oxide catalyst SO4 - ZnO with coprecipitation method and SO4 / ZnO impregnation method. The purpose of this study is to prepare the ZnO-based acid catalyst, to determine the characteristics of the catalyst, and the catalyst testin on biodiesel production from soybean oil. The characterization was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the catalyst morphology and Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR) to determine the structure of chemical bonds are formed. Identification of the content and composition of biodiesel, mainly on the composition of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME), were analyzed by GC-MS and by FT-IR. Meanwhile the heat content of the products of 2- biodiesel calorific value is measured. Results of the characterization showe that the SO4 2- - ZnO catalyst has a stronger acidity and higher catalyst activity than acidic SO4 / ZnO catalysts. In the catalyst testing for the transesterification process, the SO42--ZnO catalyst showed the biodiesel yield of 80.19%.
KINETIKA ADSORPSI KOLESTEROL DAGING KAMBING MENGGUNAKAN ADSORBEN KITOSAN DAN KARBON AKTIF Citrasmara Galuh Nuansa; Dewi Tri Istyanti; H Hargono
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 2, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Kandungan kolesterol yang mencapai 3,2 mg/g pada daging kambing dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya penyakit jantung dan stroke apabila seseorang mengkonsumsi daging kambing secara berlebihan. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya suatu metode untuk mengurangi kadar kolesterol. Meskipun adsorpsi kolesterol daging kambing menggunakan kitosan dan karbon aktif bukan hal yang baru, namun kajian tentang kinetika adsorpsinya masih sangat kurang. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan mencairkan lemak kambing. Selanjutnya, lemak kambing yang telah dicairkan dicampur dengan adsorben (kitosan dan karbon aktif). Hasil yang diperoleh diambil dengan interval 30 menit selama 2,5 jam, dan dianalisis kadar kolesterolnya dengan spektrofotometer Uv Vis sebelum dan sesudah adsorpsi, sehingga dapat diketahui jumlah kolesterol yang terjerap sebagai fungsi waktu. Data kinetika adsorpsinya dikaji dan dibandingkan dengan model kinetika orde satu semu dan orde dua semu. Adsorpsi kolesterol menggunakan kitosan dan karbon aktif cenderung mengikuti model orde dua semu. dengan konstanta kecepatan adsorpsi masing-masing sebesar 0,3719 g/mg menit dan 0,14993 g/mg menit.
PEMANFAATAN NIKOTIN PADA DAUN TEMBAKAU UNTUK MEMPRODUKSI BIOINSEKTISIDA DENGAN PROSES EKSTRAKSI CAIR-CAIR Dibran Paramartha; Yuda Lazuardi; Indro Sumantri
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 2, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Produksi tembakau di Indonesia sangat melimpah, tetapi hanya bermanfaat sebagai industry rokok saja yang dampaknya buruk bagi kesehatan manusia. Tembakau mengandung alkaloid nikotin yang berdampak buruk bagi manusia juga sangat beracun untuk serangga sehingga nikotin dapat dimanfaatkan oleh manusia sebagai bioinsektisida. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan variabel variabel yang berpengaruh dalam proses ekstraksi daun tembakau dalam usaha untuk mengambil nikotin di dalamnya dan mendapatkan kondisi optimum proses ekstraksi daun tembakau. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini memiliki tiga tahap utama, yaitu persiapan bahan baku daun tembakau yang akan diekstrak, tahap maserasi, dan tahap ekstraksi daun tembakau dengan sktraksi cair-cair. Variabel berubah dalam penelitian ini adalah temperatur ekstraksi (40 dan 60oC), volume solvent (150 dan 250 ml), pH solvent (6 dan 7), dan jenis solvent (etanol dan methanol). Analisa hasil kualitatif nikotin dari ekstrak daun tembakau menggunakan metode Gas Cromathography Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS). Kondisi optimum dilakukan dengan menggunakan Response Surface Method (RSM) dengan software statistica 10. Hasil ekstraksi optimum didapat pada temperatur 64oC dengan pH solvent 5,6.
PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR LABORATORIUM MIKROBIOLOGI INDUSTRI MENGGUNAKAN LUMPUR AKTIF AEROBIK DAN ANAEROBIK Ayunda Nuradhisthana; Dyah Wirasanti; Agus Hadiyarto
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Industrial Microbiology Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Department of Diponegoro University periodically produces organic wastewater with 2000-6000 mg/L of CODMn, which is discarded without any processing. This study aims to treat wastewater in order to reduce the organic content, by using biochemical process; aerobic and anaerobic activated sludge process. The spesific purpose of this research was to determine the effect of degradation time on the reduction of CODMn of wastewater on aerobic and anaerobic treatment process, investigate the effect of MLSS concentration on reduction of CODMn on wastewater, and also find out the efficiency of CODMn reduction of wastewater in aerobic and anaerobic treatment processes. This research is consisted of two processes: activated sludge seeding and aerobic/anaerobic wastewater treatment. The free variables used are MLSS of 1000 mg/L and 4000 mg/L. If the wastewater of Industrial Microbiology Laboratory is treated aerobically with 4000 mg/L MLSS could reduce the CODMn concentrations by 56% within 7 hours, following the modeling equation of .While if it is treated anaerobicall with 4000 mg/L MLSS could reduce the CODMn concentrations by 90,9% within 10 days, following the modeling equation of ,with constant CODMn up to 34th hour. In 4000 mg/L MLSS, the CODMn reduction is greater than in 1000 mg/L MLSS. The aerobic activated sludge process is more suited to treat the wastewater of Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, with CODMn reduction 56% within 7 hours for 4000 mg/L MLSS.
PENINGKATAN KINERJA MEMBRAN SELULOSA ASETAT UNTUK PENGOLAHAN AIR PAYAU DENGAN MODIFIKASI PENAMBAHAN ADITIF DAN PEMANASAN Joko Supriyadi; Dhias Cahya Hakika; Tutuk D. Kusworo
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Membrane is an alternative technology to the water treatment filtration principle that is being widely developed. A common type of polymer used in the manufacture of membranes are cellulose acetate. Sometimes aditive addition used to improve the morphology structure of membrane. The purpose of this research is to make an asymmetric membrane using cellulose acetate polymer additives as well as assess the effect of heating on the structure and morphology and performance of cellulose acetate membranes in brackish water treatment. Research making of cellulose acetate membranes for brackish water treatment is done with the variation of PEG concentration of 1, 3, and 5% by weight and the temperature and time of annealing at 600C and 700C for 5, 10, and 15 seconds. Membrane characterization consists of calculation membrane flux and rejection with brackish water as a feed, SEM, and FTIR analysis. From the research it can concluded that asymmetric cellulose acetate membrane can made by dry/wet phase inversion method. The more added concentration of PEG, the larger pore of membrane. Meanwhile the higher temperature and the longer time of annealing treatment, the skin layer of membrane become denser. Membrane with the composition of 18% cellulose acetate, 5% PEG, 1% distilled water, with heat treatment at temperature of 700C for 15 seconds is obtained optimal performance: flux  6.52 L.M-2.h-1.bar-1, 71% of TDS rejection, 63.75% of turbidity rejection, 52.9% rejection of Ca2+, and 41.9% rejection of Mg2+.
PEMBUATAN KECAP DARI IKAN GABUS SECARA HIDROLISIS ENZIMATIS MENGUNAKAN SARI NANAS Maulana Nur Prasetyo; Nirmala Sari; C. Sri Budiyati
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

One of the effort to increase added value in fish with low economic value and increase the shelf life of fish nutrition is to produce a fish sauce. For that purpose, it has been studied the process of making fish sauce from snakehead fish meat  (Ophiocephalus striatus or Channa striata) by using enzymatic hydrolysis. In this study, the hydrolysis process is done by adding pineapple juice which containing bromelain enzymes into chopped snakehead fish meat with the concentration of 6, 8, and 10% (w / w). The addition of salt (NaCl) as a preservative to the mixture of cork fish and pineapple juice as much as 3%, 5%, and 7% (w / w). Enzymatic hydrolysis process carried out for 1, 2, and 3 days old and anaerobic incubation in room temperature. Analysis was performed on the fish sauce products that include protein concentration levels in products and analysis of the number of microbes on the product. The results showed that the optimum fish sauce can be produced from snakehead fish with pineapple juice which contains bromelain enzymes as much as 10% at 3 days hydrolysis time and the addition of 5% NaCl. The number of microbes is seen at least on the product with the addition of 7% NaCl, 1 day of hydrolysis and 6% pineapple juice (4 x 102).

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