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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 50 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 26 no. 5 (2025)" : 50 Documents clear
Hunting for livelihoods by farmers in the lowland forests of Papua’s Bird’s Head Peninsula, Indonesia AGUSTINA YOHANA SETYARINI AROBAYA; JOHN R. M. APITULEY; AUGUST E. PATTISELANNO; GUN MARDIATMOKO; FREDDY PATTISELANNO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260534

Abstract

Abstract. Arobaya AYS, Apituley JRM, Pattiselanno AE, Mardiatmoko G, Pattiselanno F. 2025. Hunting for livelihoods by farmers in the lowland forests of Papua’s Bird’s Head Peninsula, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2375-2382. Rural people in Indonesian Papua hunt on a part-time basis to supplement livelihoods. Although hunting plays an important role in local livelihood, the profile of hunters in Papua is not really well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to examine indigenous hunting practices across 11 villages of Tambrauw District on the lowland coast of the Bird’s Head Peninsula, Papua, Indonesia. Data were collected from 1020 hunters to assess practices in supporting local livelihoods along the coast, and populated by small-scale farmers who currently produce food mainly for local consumption. Hunting was not typically the main source of revenue, because majority of hunters were employed full-time in another field, while performed alternate hunting for additional cash. The results showed that about 69% of respondents were farmers, hunting intermittently to gain extra income, with small plot holders hunting more frequently. Aims of hunting varies, with 49.02% of respondents hunting to supply market demand, 43.73% of respondents hunting for family consumption, and other estimated 7.26% reported hunting for cultural reasons and crop protection. Active hunting with spears, knives, bows, and arrows was the most common hunting practices, while hunting with guns, was the least used in the study villages. Hunting was mostly in primary forests (34.22%), with introduced species deer (37.25%) and wild pig (31.37%) being the most hunting target. Finally, hunter-farmers performed hunting to meet the requirement for an animal protein source to supply family consumption and the bushmeat market demand. Introduced species such as deer and wild pigs contribute significantly to the hunting practices in this study, because they have a higher economic value, with both meat and fat playing a crucial role in meeting the family animal protein need. Hunting patterns at the lowland coastal forests of the Bird’s Head Peninsula were similar to other tropical forest sites, to some degree had a significant impact on the hunting practices across the lowland coastal forests.
Fungal diversity for enhanced sugar production comparing rotting and non-rotting fungi in pretreatment of empty palm oil bunches INA MONICA FIRSTY; RATNA SETYANINGSIH; SRI SUGIWATI; ATANU KUMAR DAS; RONI MARYANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260510

Abstract

Abstract. Firsty IM, Setyaningsih R, Sugiwati S, Das AK, Maryana R. 2025. Fungal diversity for enhanced sugar production comparing rotting and non-rotting fungi in pretreatment of empty palm oil bunches. Biodiversitas 26: 2117-2129. Empty Palm Oil Bunch (EPOB) is an abundant lignocellulosic biomass in Indonesia with significant potential for conversion into valuable products. This study explores various types of fungi in enhancing sugar production from EPOB. This study compared white-rot fungi (Trametes versicolor and Pycnoporus cinnabarinus) with non-white-rot fungi (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Trichoderma harzianum, and Trichoderma viride) to see the effect on lignin and cellulose content, as well as enzyme activities. Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), this study optimized temperature, pH, and substrate concentration. Among the fungi, A. niger showed the best results for lignin removal (7.58 ± 1.5%) and cellulose increase (33.56 ± 0.00%). P. cinnabarinus had the highest laccase and MnP activities (9.26 and 123.81 U/mL), while A. niger produced the highest LiP activity (3276.8 U/mL). X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a reduction in crystallinity in the pretreated samples. The best pretreatment conditions with A. niger were found to be 30°C, pH 5, and 7 g of EPOB, achieving the highest lignin removal (14.21 ± 0.50%). A. niger also led to the highest cellulose content (53.08%) at 25°C. Enzyme hydrolysis of A. niger-pretreated EPOB produced 1.09 g (36.30%) of reducing sugar after 48 h at 50°C. This study highlights how leveraging fungal diversity can optimize biomass pretreatment processes.
Identification and characterization of corn plants for downy mildew resistance in North Sumatra, Indonesia DIANA SOFIA HANAFIAH; SYAMSAFITRI SYAMSAFITRI; MARIATI MARIATI; CHAIRANI HANUM; MUHDI MUHDI; GALI RAKASIWI; M. HAFAZH ABDURRAHMAN; M. AMIN NUR; DINA SAHTIKA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260511

Abstract

Abstract. Hanafiah DS, Syamsafitri, Mariati, Hanum C, Muhdi, Rakasiwi G, Abdurrahman MH, Nur MA, Sahtika D. 2025. Identification and characterization of corn plants for downy mildew resistance in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2130-2138. The collection of germplasm determines the success of variety assembly. The genetic material contained in the germplasm has a strategic meaning in the assembly or improvement of varieties. This study aims to identify the kinship between morphological characteristics of individual corn plants. This study was conducted in Karo and Dairi Districts, North Sumatra, Indonesia from July-August 2024. Identification and plant characterization are carried out to preserve germplasm, which is the initial stage in breeding activities, especially in local germplasm. Characterization was carried out on corn genotypes in several villages in two districts in North Sumatra. The survey method used plant descriptors from the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties (UPOV) guide with a purposive method for determining the location and sampling technique. A total of 26 corn plant cultivars were studied. The result showed that based on the cluster method (grouping) of morphological characteristics, 3 groups were formed. The differences include stem color, leaf angle and ear tip shape. The closest cultivars are cultivars 14 and 16 from Kuta Tengah Village, Siempat Nempu Hulu Sub-district. The results of the characterization and identification of corn plants did not find any downy mildew attacks in Karo and Dairi Districts. The implication of this research is information on the diversity of corn germplasm and for the next stage the utilization of germplasm for corn plant breeding programs in North Sumatra.
Comparing diatom diversity over three decades in the Brantas River, Malang, East Java, Indonesia M Iqbal Najib Fahmi; Susriyati Mahanal; Siti Zubaidah; Ibrohim Ibrohim
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260547

Abstract

Abstract. Fahmi MIN, Mahanal S, Zubaidah S, Ibrohim. 2025. Comparing diatom diversity over three decades in the Brantas River, Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2519-2530. Diatoms are highly sensitive to environmental changes, making them reliable bioindicators. However, there is limited research on their long-term use in the Brantas River, Malang, Indonesia. This study aimed to compare the diatom diversity of the Brantas River, over three decades. This study was conducted at five observation stations during the dry season, and the results obtained from the comparison of species richness and diatom diversity index values revealed a significant downward trend at Stations II to V from the 1990s to the 2020s. Conversely, Station I exhibited relatively stable values for species richness and diatom diversity index. The results of the comparison of the density of genera and order for three decades showed the same results, with the genera Cocconies and the order Pennales being the most common species found. A meticulous examination of the prevalent species at the Station I consistently yielded analogous results over the course of three decades (Achnanthes lanceolata, Cocconeis placentula, and Nitzschia tryblionella). In contrast, Stations II to V exhibited fluctuations in the predominant species with each successive decade of observation. Based on the values of species richness, diversity index, and predominant species, it is suspected that there is a decrease in river water quality at Stations II to V from the 1990s to the 2020s, but not at Station I. This phenomenon may have been caused by environmental pollution and anthropogenic activities at Stations II-V. In contrast, Station I showed relatively the same water quality because it was located in a conservation area with minimal anthropogenic human activity. This study is limited to assessing water quality based on diatom diversity. Further research is needed to assess the physicochemical properties of the Brantas River in Malang.
Karyotype analysis of Eleutherine bulbosa (Iridaceae) from Kalimantan, Indonesia Noor Aini Habibah; Woro Anindito Sri Tunjung; Meti Indrowati; Alin Liana
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260544

Abstract

Abstract. Habibah NA, Tunjung WAS, Indrowati M, Liana A. 2025. Karyotype analysis of Eleutherine bulbosa (Iridaceae) from Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2486-2494. Eleutherine bulbosa or Dayak onion belongs to the family Iridaceae and is widely distributed in Indonesia. However, research on E. bulbosa, especially for the cytogenetic aspect is poorly reported. This study aimed to analyze karyotype of E. bulbosa chromosomes collected from Kalimantan, Indonesia. Chromosome observation was carried out using a modified squash method. The results showed that E. bulbosa has basic chromosome number of 2n: 12. Although it has the same number of chromosomes, each sample shows a different chromosome formula. Those from East Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan have a chromosome formula of 2n=2x=12m. Meanwhile, samples from South Kalimantan have a chromosome formula of 2n=2x=10m+2sm. In comparison, those from North Kalimantan and West Kalimantan have a chromosome formula of 2n=2x=6m+2t+4sm and of 2n=2x=8m+2sm+2t, respectively. Eleutherine bulbosa was also found to have a bimodal karyotype. The most recent finding of this study is the discovery of sub-metacentric and telocentric chromosome morphologies, which have never been seen in previous studies.
Micromorphological analysis of spores on various species of pteridophytes: Implications for species identifications MILDAWATI MILDAWATI; SHAVIRA PERDANI SAFITRIA HANAFI; ELSA PUTRI; M. ABDUL AZIZ; SHERLI IVANI; NURHASNA NURHASNA; SOLFIYENI SOLFIYENI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260530

Abstract

Abstract. Mildawati, Hanafi SPS, Putri E, Aziz MA, Ivani S, Nurhasna, Solfiyeni. 2025. Micromorphological analysis of spores on various species of pteridophytes: Implications for species identifications. Biodiversitas 26: 2332-2338. Pteridophytes, a group of vascular plants, play a critical role in ecosystem balance. However, taxonomic challenges persist in identifying and classifying their species. Spore micromorphological characters, unique to each species, offer a potential solution to these issues. This study aimed to examine the spore micromorphology of several pteridophyte species growing on the Universitas Andalas campus, Padang, Indonesia. The species examined included Antrophyum callifolium, Asplenium nidus, Davallia denticulata, Pteris vittata, Pyrrosia adnascens, P. longifolia, and P. piloselloides. Spore samples were observed using a binocular light microscope with a magnification 40x objective lens and documented with the OptiLabView4 application. The results revealed that most pteridophytes spores studied exhibited a monolete laesura type with an ellipsoid shape, except for A. callifolium and P. vittata, which showed a trilete laesura type with a tetrahedral shape. Exospore ornamentation was varied: verrucate in A. callifolium, A. nidus, D. denticulata, and P. vittata; reticulate in P. adnascens and P. longifolia; and echinate in P. piloselloides. Spore sizes were categorized as medium (25-50 ?m) for A. callifolium, A. nidus, D. denticulata, and P. vittata.; and large (60 ?m) for P. adnascens, P. longifolia, and P. piloselloides. Spore micromorphology of pteridophytes on the Universitas Andalas campus, revealing significant diversity in size, shape, and ornamentation.
Metagenomic insights into bacterial communities in eco-enzymes and their microbial diversity and abundance TITTA NOVIANTI; HENNY SARASWATI; H. HAFSAH; SEPRIANTO SEPRIANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260514

Abstract

Abstract. Novianti T, Saraswati H, Hafsah H, Seprianto. 2025. Metagenomic insights into bacterial communities in eco-enzymes and their microbial diversity and abundance. Biodiversitas 26: 2157-2166. The aim of microbial diversity analysis of eco-enzymes is to optimize their benefits in various fields, such as for use in disinfectants, household cleaning agents, liquid fertilizers, and more. Metagenomic profiling is an effective method of analyzing microbial diversity that involves determining the nucleotide sequences of microbial DNA and allows the identification and taxonomic classification of certain bacteria. In this study, metagenomic analysis was carried out on eco-enzymes derived from mangosteen peel, orange peel, and a mixture of 16S rRNA gene primers. We visualized the amplification results using electrophoresis to confirm the length of the DNA base band obtained. We then sequenced the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) products using MinKNOW software (version 23.04.5; Oxford Nanopore Technologies, Oxford-UK). The bioinformatics metagenomic analysis included chronological visualization, Sankey phylogenetic analysis, heat map graphing, and Venn diagram visualization. The study's results showed that in the mangosteen peel eco-enzyme there were bacteria from 7 different phyla. The results of the alpha-diversity index analysis showed the highest value of 2,050 compared to other samples. However, the abundance of each species was lower than that in the other samples. In contrast, the orange peel eco-enzyme had only one bacterial phylum, and the mixed vegetable eco-enzyme had two bacterial phyla. This finding indicates that mangosteen peel eco-enzyme has the most abundant bacterial diversity from different phyla than orange peel eco-enzyme and mix-vegetables, which may cause diversity in the enzyme content produced.
Analysis of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from mangrove sediments and their relation to the presence of waterbirds DEVI N. CHOESIN; RESTU UTARI DEWINA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260516

Abstract

Abstract. Choesin DN, Dewina RU. 2025. Analysis of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from mangrove sediments and their relation to the presence of waterbirds. Biodiversitas 26: 2182-2188. Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) play a key role in the functioning of ecosystems by making insoluble phosphorus in the soil available to plants. In the mangrove ecosystem, waterbirds may also act as a phosphate source through their excretion of guano (bird droppings). The island of Pulau Rambut in Indonesia is an avian wildlife sanctuary with an uneven distribution of waterbirds in its mangrove areas. This variation in waterbird abundance is expected to affect the mangrove ecosystem and its PSB community structure. The objectives of this study were to describe the PSB community structure in mangrove sediments and relate them to the presence of waterbirds as a source of available phosphate. Five PSB species each were found in bird nesting and non-nesting sites with a Sorensen similarity of 71.4%. Molecular analysis by 16s RNA identified the predominant PSB species as Salinicola tamaricis. PSB diversity was positively correlated with soil organic carbon and negatively correlated with soil salinity, available phosphate, and total phosphate in soil (p<0.05). Total and available phosphate were higher in the bird nesting site, while PSB diversity and abundance were lower. This may be attributed to the availability of other nutrients, specifically organic carbon.
Morphological traits and nutritional value of six local cultivars of maize (Zea mays) from Gorontalo, Indonesia NOVRI YOULA KANDOWANGKO; MARGARETHA SOLANG; FEBRIYANTI FEBRIYANTI; AISYAH AHMAD
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260526

Abstract

Abstract. Kandowangko NY, Solang M, Febriyanti, Ahmad A. 2025. Morphological traits and nutritional value of six local cultivars of maize (Zea mays) from Gorontalo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2289-2298. Maize local varieties are grown in Gorontalo, Indonesia, namely doti, siropu, momala, kiki, pulo and damahu. The existence of this corn is utilized by the community to make various types of traditional processed foods such as binthe biluoto, balobinthe. However, this local corn is starting to be rarely found. The morphological traits and nutritional benefits of these six indigenous corns have not been extensively researched. This research aimed to characterize the morphology of local corn plants and analyze their nutritional value. Descriptive and quantitative analysis. The findings of the analysis indicated that local maize plants have different traits. The height of the plant ranges from 115-195 cm, the number of leaves is between 11-15, and the seeds are orange (Zea mays var. doti), orange red tip (Z. m. var. siropu), marron red (Z. m. var. momala), white (Z. m. var. pulo), clear white (Z. m. var. damahu). The composition of the nutritional value of local corn is as follows: Water content 6.69-15.69%; Ash content 0.92-2.48%; Fat content 2.85-5.09%; Protein content 8.82-12.53%, Carbohydrate ranges from 71.22-77.22; Amylosa 7.46-22.00%. Reduction sugar 0.54-1.92%, In addition, local corn contains high levels of Zn, K, and Mg minerals. The existence of local corn that is rich in nutrients needs to be preserved so that it can support the development of food products to meet human nutritional needs.
Chemical fingerprint of robusta coffee beans from various local clones in Tanggamus, Lampung Province, Indonesia ALVI YANI; MURHADI MURHADI; SUBEKI SUBEKI; TANTO. P. UTOMO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260520

Abstract

Abstract. Yani A, Murhadi, Subeki, Utomo TP. 2025. Chemical fingerprint of robusta coffee beans from various local clones in Tanggamus, Lampung Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2222-2234. This research was conducted to analyze the chemical composition of dry-processed green coffee beans from several local?robusta clones, namely Randu Alas, Kasio, Komari, Kopi Hijau, and Kopi Kuning. The study was held from May to August 2024 in Way Harong Village, Lampung Province, Indonesia, with analysis done in two laboratories. The analysis included defect values, coffee quality, moisture content, yield, and density based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The study was designed using a Completely Randomized Design with five treatments and three replications. Chemical fingerprints were identified using UPLC-MS/MS and MassLynx software. The results showed defect values of 14.15-29.15 (grades 2-3), yields of 19.30-21.16% (highest in Kopi Hijau and Komari), moisture content of 7.79-11.34% (lowest in Kopi Kuning), and density of 601.66-605.66 g/cm³. The chemical compositions were consistent up to Rt 7.38 minutes but varied beyond this point, with 18 compounds in Randu Alas, 20 in Kasio, 19 in Komari, 15 in Kopi Hijau, and 18 in Kopi Kuning. Overall, 10 major compounds were identified, including caffeine, chlorogenic acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid, trans-zeatin, umbelliferone, hymecromone, cynarine, (3aR,4R,5R,7aR)-4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-oxo-7-[(2R,3R)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl]-1,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydro-2-benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid, benzyl 2-methyl-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-6-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-3-pyridine carboxylate and Methyl (1R,3R)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-?-carboline-3-carboxylate.

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