cover
Article Per Year (5 Year)
All
Home Page
OAI Link
Editorial Team
Contact
Reviewer
Google Scholar
Contact Name
suranto
Contact Email
editors@smujo.id
Phone
-
Journal Mail Official
editors@smujo.id
Editorial Address
unsjournals@gmail.com
Location
Kota surakarta,
Jawa tengah
INDONESIA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
 129   130   131   132   133 
Genetic diversity of Rhizopus microsporus from traditional inoculum of tempeh in Indonesia based on ITS sequences and RAPD marker: Genetic diversity in Rhizopus microsporus TATI BARUS; RONALDO HALIM; ANASTASIA TATIK HARTANTI; PAULUS KEVIN SAPUTRA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 3 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200331

Abstract

Abstract. Barus T, Halim R, Hartanti AT, Saputra PK. 2019. Genetic diversity of Rhizopus microsporus from traditional inoculum of tempeh in Indonesia based on ITS sequences and RAPD marker. Biodiversitas 20: 847-852. The main microorganism for tempeh fermentation is Rhizopus microsporus. These days, many tempeh producers use commercial inoculum, such as ‘Raprima’ as resource of R. microsporus. As a result, the genetic diversity of R. microsporus that had been reported in Indonesia has diminished. Information about genetic diversity is needed as a basis to select R. microsporus as tempeh inoculum. This research aims to investigate the genetic diversity of R. microsporus from waru leaves based on Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Sequence and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 25 R. microsporus were isolated from traditional inoculum waru leaves (Inoculum 1) and traditional inoculum other than waru leaves (Inoculum 2). Amplification of ITS sequence was done using universal primer pairs of ITS-4 and ITS-5. Amplification of RAPD markers was done using primers OPC-08, OPC-19, OPQ-6, R-108, OPA-09 and OPJ-20. ITS sequence was not sufficient to compare the similarities among R. microsporus. On the other hand, RAPD markers successfully compared the similarities among 25 R. microsporus. A total of 25 R. microsporus were divided into 9 clusters. R. microsporus from Inoculum 1 grouped into Cluster 1, Cluster 3 and Cluster 4-8. Inoculum 2 grouped into Cluster 2 and Cluster 9. R. microsporus from tempeh grouped into Cluster 4 and was different from Inoculum 1 and Inoculum 2, except for TB3.
Some structural characteristics of mixed natural forest stand at a 10-year period in the Hyrcanian Region: Case study of Shourab Forest, Mazandaran Province, Iran MOJTABA AMIRI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 4 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200403

Abstract

Abstract. Amiri M. 2019. Some structural characteristics of mixed natural forest stand at a 10-year period in the Hyrcanian Region: Case study of Shourab Forest, Mazandaran Province, Iran. . Biodiversitas 20: 950-955. This research was carried out in Shourab Forest in the Hyrcanian region, Northern Iran over a 10-year period (1996-2005) and data were analyzed based on systematic random sampling with permanent sample plots; 0.1 ha. The results revealed that n.ha-1 and v.ha-1 in study area increased from 126.3 and 245.2 in 1966 to 202.8 and 313.1 in 2006, respectively. The analysis of tree frequency in diameter classes at the first and the end of the period indicated un-even aged regular stands. The highest increase of number of trees was observed in 15, 20 and 25cm diameter classes, While the maximum change in volume per hectare, is related to the diameter classes 30, 65, 70 and 100cm. The regeneration values in most of the vegetation stages (except; 0-2.5cm) increased after a 10 years harvesting period. Development stages of this regeneration were seedling (53.4-53.3%), sapling (37.3-33.5%), thicket (6.8-10.4%) and small pole (2.5-2.8%), in 1996 and 2006, respectively. These conditions show that the selection method has been successful in our study area. The change in the utilization method of shelter-wood system to selection cutting method had been a positive impact on the quantitative forest condition after a 10-year period. In general, it can conclude that structural characteristics of mixed beech-hornbeam stands such as live trees dimension including tree height and diameter, number and volume of trees per hectare are different during the time. And eventually, the manipulation in the stands should be well timed and planned based on quantified structural properties of stands.
Short Communication: Seed germination of twelve Indonesian begonias for conservation MUHAMMAD EFENDI; AISYAH HANDAYANI; INTANI QUARTA LAILATY
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 4 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200435

Abstract

Abstract. Efendi M, Handayani A, Lailaty IQ. 2019. Short Communication: Seed germination of twelve Indonesian begonias for conservation. Biodiversitas 20: 1192-1197. Knowledge of seed quality is essential when seeds are stored for the long term. A preliminary study on Begonia seed conservation was conducted, to characterize morphology and germination testing on native Begonia from Indonesia. As many as 12 species of Indonesian Begonia were observed for the characteristics of fruit and seeds. Later, we tested the level of seed viability at different levels of fruit maturity. The experimental design used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Tool for Agricultural Research (STAR) program and further testing the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% significance level. Generally, all seeds were barrel-like in shape, the smallest size in B. muricata (252.42 µm length), and the largest size in B. areolata (up to 451.42µm length, while the operculum 28.48 µm-104.9 µm length). Most Begonia seeds start germinating in the second and third weeks after sowing. B. scottii, and B. verecunda, as well as B. longifolia, showed germination in the second week, while other species tended not to be simultaneous. Dry seed germination was higher than seed wet for eight weeks. B. longifolia and B. scottii had the highest germination in wet seed treatment: while in the dry seed treatment, the highest germination was showed by B. areolata and B. muricata.
Short Communication: Investigation of leaf architectural patterns: Implications in delineating taxonomically controversial Hoya merrillii Schlechter and Hoya quinquenervia Warburg DIANA P PAGUNTALAN; INOCENCIO E BUOT
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 3 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200329

Abstract

Abstract. Paguntalan DP, Buot JrIE. 2019. Short Communication: Investigation of leaf architectural patterns: Implications in delineating taxonomically controversial Hoya merrillii Schlechter and Hoya quinquenervia Warburg. Biodiversitas 20: 833-839.  Variations in leaf traits of two very likely similar plants, Hoya merrillii Schlechter and Hoya quinquenervia Warburg were examined together with an outgroup, Hoya cagayanensis Burton. The objectives of the study are to examine the leaf architectural characteristics of Hoya merrillii and Hoya quinquenervia and use the information as an additional basis of delineation between the said species of Hoya plants. Thirty leaf samples for each species were examined for laminal and vein characters. The characters laminar size, laminar shape, number of basal veins, quinternary vein fabric, areole development and characteristics of FEVs (free-ending veins), were well-defined from either one or both species. Overall, the results showed variability between the studied plant groups using univariate and multivariate analysis. The data ordination on the morphometric traits using PCOa showed distinct groupings among studied leaf samples and yielded consistent results with the single linkage or nearest neighbor cluster dendrogram which showed distinct clustering of individual species in terms of morphometric traits that were considered in the study. Detected variations of the leaf architectural traits on the leaves of Hoya merrillii Schlechter and Hoya quinquenervia Warburg allowed for the more available basis of separation in addition to established floral morphologies that are primarily used as criteria for delineation between species. Variations in leaf architecture characters can be of great value to illustrate or imply meanings in the taxonomic relationships of the Hoya species studied.
Short Communication: A comparative study of phenotypes and starch production in sago palm (Metroxylon sagu) growing naturally in temporarily inundated and non inundated areas of South Sorong, Indonesia TOMAS YATER; HERMAN WAFOM TUBUR; CIPTA MELIALA; BARAHIMA ABBAS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 4 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200425

Abstract

Abstract. Yater T, Tubur HW, Meliala C, Abbas B. 2019. Short Communication:  A comparative study of phenotypes and starch production in sago palm (Metroxylon sagu) growing naturally in temporarily inundated and non-inundated areas of South Sorong, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20:  1121-1126. Sago palm forests and sago palm semi cultivation are generally spread in swampy areas, seasonally inundated areas and non-inundated areas. The objectives of this study are to determine and compare the phenotypes of and starch production by sago palms growing naturally in the temporarily inundated areas (TIA type) and non-inundated areas (WIA type) in South Sorong District, West Papua Province, Indonesia. Sago palms of both habitats were found to be the same variety based on analysis of vernacular names and general characteristics. Comparison of morphological characters related to starch production of TIA and WIA types showed that there were no significant differences between the two studied types. The distribution of starch along the sago trunk was observed to be uneven, higher starch accumulation was found in the middle part of the trunk which was significantly different from the lower and upper parts of the trunk.
Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of several indigenous species of ferns in East Kalimantan, Indonesia HENNY NURHASNAWATI; REKSI SUNDU; SAPRI SAPRI; RISA SUPRININGRUM; HARLINDA KUSPRADINI; ENOS TANGKE ARUNG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 2 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200238

Abstract

Abstract. Nurhasnawati H, Sundu R, Sapri, Supriningrum R, Kuspradini H, Arung ET. 2019. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of several indigenous species of ferns in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 576-580. This study aimed to determine the total phenolic and flavonoids content and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of several indigenous species of ferns in East Kalimantan. Total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteau method and flavonoid content was measured by colorimetric method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The result of photochemical screening indicated that the leaves of Plagiogyria pycnophylla, Plagiogyria glauca, and Stenochlaena palustris contained alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, saponin, and steroid while Acrostichum aureum contained flavonoid, tannin, saponin and steroid. The result showed extract Acrostichum aureum had the highest total phenolic content (366.4573 ± 2.2117 mg GAE.g-1), flavonoid content (228.6087 ± 2.2548 mg QE.g-1), and very strong antioxidant activity with IC50 value 29.5303 ppm. There is positive correlation between total phenolic content, flavonoid with antioxidant activity.
Population study and habitat preferences of Pinang Jawa (Pinanga javana) in Mt. Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia RIZMOON NURUL ZULKARNAEN; NISYAWATI NISYAWATI; JOKO RIDHO WITONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 3 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200314

Abstract

Abstract. Zulkarnaen RN, Nisyawati, Witono JR. 2019. Population study and habitat preferences of Pinang Jawa (Pinanga javana) in Mt. Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 712-718. Conservation effort of Pinang Jawa is hampered due to lack of information on its ecology and population biology. The species is an endemic palm species to Java. The study aimed to assess the population study and habitat preference of Pinang Jawa in Mt. Slamet, Central Java. The research design used a purposive sampling method with a plot measuring 10x10 m. The observation plot was successfully made with a total of 183 plots. The result showed that the population was dominated by adult palm (mature) with the number of 1023 individuals on the southern slope of Mt. Slamet. Individuals growth dominated in hill slope. Population structure was dominated by individuals with stem heights of 6.1-8.1 m and stem diameters of 7-8.9 cm. The stem height and stem diameter class distribution showed that high mortality rate occurs in the seedlings stage class, although this stage should be high recruitment due to the seed production is perennial continuously. Predators were identified as the main threat for seedlings of Pinang Jawa. The result of statistical analysis clearly provides reveals that abiotic factors in which influencing the density of Pinang Jawa was slope, litter thickness, and crown cover.  
Genetic diversity analysis of Tenera × Tenera and Tenera × Pisifera Crosses and D self of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) parental populations originating from Cameroon LALU FIRMAN BUDIMAN; ARDHA APRIYANTO; ADI PANCORO; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 4 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200402

Abstract

Abstract. Budiman LF, Apriyanto A, Pancoro A, Sudarsono S. 2019. Genetic diversity analysis of Tenera × Tenera and Tenera × Pisifera Crosses and D self of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) parental populations originating from Cameroon. Biodiversitas 20: 937-949. There are three types of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) based on the shell thickness, such as the Dura (D type, with a thick shell), the Pisifera (P type, with no or very thin shell) and the Tenera (T type, with medium shell thickness), respectively. The T type is a commercially grown oil palm, originated from hybridization between D × P types. The success of oil palm breeding depends on the availability of diverse parental populations, especially in the D and the P types. Unfortunately, the improved P type of oil palm may only be produced by crossing between Tenera (T × T) or between Tenera and Pisifera (T × P) while improved D type may easily be produced from selfing of a single Dura type palm (D self). Therefore, evaluation of the potential genetic diversity of Dura parental lines derived from D self and Pisifera lines derived from T × T or T × P is essential. The objectives of this research were to analyze the genetic diversity of T × T, T × P and D self oil palm progenies originated from Cameroon which would be used as parental population for breeding the commercial T types of oil palm in Indonesia, determine whether the progenies were from legitimate hybrids of the desired parents and evaluate their potential values for creating Tenera hybrid in the oil palm breeding programs. A total of 148 individuals from one combination of T × T and two T × P crosses and three D self-pollinations were evaluated. Genotyping was conducted using 16 SSR marker loci. The genotype data were analyzed using software for population genetic and genetic diversity analysis. Results of the analysis indicated the evaluated 16 SSR marker loci were either highly or moderately polymorphic based on their Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) values. Hence, they could be used for genetic diversity analysis of the evaluated oil palm progenies. Both the T × T and T × P progenies were more diverse than the D self-ones. Clustering and Principle Component Analysis (PCA) showed that all populations were grouped into three groups consisting of (1) B02 – T × P progenies, (2) B57 – T × T progenies, and (3) the rest of the populations (a mixture of the B01 – T × P progenies, and the three D self progenies). Moreover, the third group was further divided into five sub-groups, consisting of sub-group 3.1: the B01 progenies, and sub-group 3.2 to 3.5 comprising of a mix of individuals from members of at least two different D self progenies. All the studied T × T and T × P progenies could potentially be used as improved male parents for producing future Tenera oil palm hybrid varieties. The T x T and T × P progenies had a wider genetic distance than that of the D self progenies. Moreover, for practical breeding purposes, the members of D self oil palm progenies should not be grouped based only on the family but should be based on the results of the clustering analysis. The reported data should be beneficial for aiding future oil palm breeding in Indonesia.  
Woody plant communities in the Philippine teak forest landscape along Verde Island Passage, Batangas, Luzon, Philippines Anacleto Macatangay Caringal; INOCENCIO Jr BUOT; ELAINE LOREEN C. VILLANUEVA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 11 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201111

Abstract

Abstract. Caringal AM, Buot IE Jr, Villanueva ELC. 2019. Woody plant communities in the Philippine teak forest landscape along Verde Island Passage, Batangas, Luzon, Philippines. Biodiversitas 20: 3189-3198. The study described the communities of woody plants in a semi-evergreen tropical forest dominated by endemic Philippine teak (Tectona philippinensis Benth. & Hook. f, Lamiaceae) and determined the local environmental factors affecting the distribution of dominant woody species across the Philippine teak forest (PTF) landscape. The Philippine teak is a Critically Endangered species according to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Quantitative dominance analysis of arboreal vegetation data (basal area and relative dominance) from 24 (20m x 20m) sampling plots generated the cluster dendrogram, while Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was performed for 47 woody species and habitat-environment variables. As a result, four vegetation zones were named: (I) pure stand of Tectona philippinensis, (II) mixed T. philippinensis-Garuga floribunda-Terminalia polyantha, (III) mixed Celtis latifolia-T. philippinensis and (IV) mixed Tamarindus indica-Xylocarpus rumphii. These zones were governed more by physiographic (altitude ) and edaphic influences of predominantly agro-coastal landscapes. The environmental variables were essential in verifying not only the association of dominant tree flora in the local landscape but also provide insight for forest management zoning and the ecological requirements of the tree species for in-situ and ex-situ biodiversity conservation.  
Effect of phytoremediation on the morpho-anatomical characters of some aquatic macrophytes JONES T NAPALDET; INOCENCIO Jr E BUOT; MACRINA T ZAFARALLA; IRENEO Jr. L LIT; RACHEL C SOTTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 5 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200519

Abstract

Abstract. Napaldet JT, Buot Jr. IE, Zafaralla MT, Lit Jr. IL, Sotto RC. 2019. Effect of phytoremediation on the morpho-anatomical characters of some aquatic macrophytes. Biodiversitas 20: 1289-1302. In constructed wetland studies, the effect of pollutants or the phytoremediation set-up on aquatic macrophytes is often not investigated. This literature gap may prove useful in realizing the full phytoremediation potential of aquatic macrophytes. This study was conducted to examine the effect of phytoremediation, the set-up, and the pollutants, on the morpho-anatomical characters of aquatic macrophytes used in the constructed wetlands. This was investigated in Amaranthus spinosus, Eichhornia crassipes, Eleusine indica, and Pennisetum purpureum. Simultaneously, interesting anatomical features in the aquatic macrophytes were discovered. Anomalous secondary growth was discovered in roots and stems of A. spinosus while isobilateral anatomy of the leaf with two layers of vascular bundles and two palisade layers under each epidermis were noted in E. crassipes. The anatomy of P. purpureum was also first reported here. Results showed that the response of the aquatic macrophytes toward phytoremediation treatments was species-specific. E. indica and P. purpureum were the ones significantly affected by the phytoremediation treatment in contrasting ways. E. indica under phytoremediation suffered significantly lower growth rate than those in the uncontaminated site which could be attributed to the inability of its relatively short root system to tap into the water and nutrients. On the other hand, P. purpureum exhibited higher biomass and growth rate under phytoremediation treatment which is primarily due to the water pollutants absorbed as nutrients by the plant. There were no structural differences observed in the anatomy of the aquatic macrophytes between sampling sites except in E. indica. The root’s cortex in samples under phytoremediation has no aerenchyma while this is present in uncontaminated site and Balili River samples. This shows that, indeed, some aquatic macrophytes were significantly affected (p=0.00) by phytoremediation that should be taken in consideration when planning and designing constructed wetlands.

Page 131 of 627 | Total Record : 6269

 129   130   131   132   133 

Filter by Year

2000 2026


Reset
Filter By Issues
All Issue Vol. 27 No. 6 (2026) Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026) Vol. 27 No. 4 (2026) Vol. 27 No. 3 (2026) Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026) Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026) Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025) Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025) Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025) Vol. 26 No. 9 (2025) Vol. 26 No. 8 (2025) Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025) Vol. 26 No. 6 (2025) Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025) Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025) Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025) Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025) Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025) Vol. 25 No. 12 (2024) Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024) Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024) Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024) Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024) Vol. 25 No. 7 (2024) Vol. 25 No. 6 (2024) Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024) Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024) Vol. 25 No. 3 (2024) Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024) Vol. 25 No. 1 (2024) Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023) Vol. 24 No. 11 (2023) Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023) Vol. 24 No. 9 (2023) Vol. 24 No. 8 (2023) Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023) Vol. 24 No. 6 (2023) Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023) Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023) Vol. 24 No. 3 (2023) Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023) Vol. 24 No. 1 (2023) Vol. 23 No. 12 (2022) Vol. 23 No. 11 (2022) Vol. 23 No. 10 (2022) Vol. 23 No. 9 (2022) Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022) Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022) Vol. 23 No. 6 (2022) Vol. 23 No. 5 (2022) Vol. 23 No. 4 (2022) Vol. 23 No. 3 (2022) Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022) Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022) Vol. 22 No. 12 (2021) Vol. 22 No. 11 (2021) Vol. 22 No. 10 (2021) Vol. 22 No. 9 (2021) Vol. 22 No. 8 (2021) Vol. 22 No. 7 (2021) Vol. 22 No. 6 (2021) Vol. 22 No. 5 (2021) Vol. 22 No. 4 (2021) Vol. 22 No. 3 (2021) Vol. 22 No. 2 (2021) Vol. 22 No. 1 (2021) Vol. 21 No. 12 (2020) Vol. 21 No. 11 (2020) Vol. 21 No. 10 (2020) Vol. 21 No. 9 (2020) Vol. 21 No. 8 (2020) Vol. 21 No. 7 (2020) Vol. 21 No. 6 (2020) Vol. 21 No. 5 (2020) Vol. 21 No. 4 (2020) Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020) Vol. 21 No. 2 (2020) Vol. 21 No. 1 (2020) Vol. 20 No. 12 (2019) Vol. 20 No. 11 (2019) Vol. 20 No. 10 (2019) Vol. 20 No. 9 (2019) Vol. 20 No. 8 (2019) Vol. 20 No. 7 (2019) Vol. 20 No. 6 (2019) Vol. 20 No. 5 (2019) Vol. 20 No. 4 (2019) Vol. 20 No. 3 (2019) Vol. 20 No. 2 (2019) Vol. 20 No. 1 (2019) Vol. 19 No. 6 (2018) Vol. 19 No. 5 (2018) Vol. 19 No. 4 (2018) Vol. 19 No. 3 (2018) Vol. 19 No. 2 (2018) Vol. 19 No. 1 (2018) Vol. 18 No. 4 (2017) Vol. 18 No. 3 (2017) Vol. 18 No. 2 (2017) Vol. 18 No. 1 (2017) Vol. 17 No. 2 (2016) Vol. 17 No. 1 (2016) Vol. 16 No. 2 (2015) Vol. 16 No. 1 (2015) Vol. 15 No. 2 (2014) Vol. 15 No. 1 (2014) Vol. 14 No. 2 (2013) Vol. 14 No. 1 (2013) Vol. 13 No. 4 (2012) Vol. 13 No. 3 (2012) Vol. 13 No. 2 (2012) Vol. 13 No. 1 (2012) Vol. 12 No. 4 (2011) Vol. 12 No. 3 (2011) Vol. 12 No. 2 (2011) Vol. 12 No. 1 (2011) Vol. 11 No. 4 (2010) Vol. 11 No. 3 (2010) Vol. 11 No. 2 (2010) Vol. 11 No. 1 (2010) Vol. 10 No. 4 (2009) Vol. 10 No. 3 (2009) Vol. 10 No. 2 (2009) Vol. 10 No. 1 (2009) Vol. 9 No. 4 (2008) Vol. 9 No. 3 (2008) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2008) Vol. 9 No. 1 (2008) Vol. 8 No. 4 (2007) Vol. 8 No. 3 (2007) Vol. 8 No. 2 (2007) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2007) Vol. 7 No. 4 (2006) Vol. 7 No. 3 (2006) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2006) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2006) Vol. 6 No. 4 (2005) Vol. 6 No. 3 (2005) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2005) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2005) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2004) Vol. 5 No. 1 (2004) Vol. 4 No. 2 (2003) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2003) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2002) Vol. 3 No. 1 (2002) Vol. 2 No. 2 (2001) Vol. 2 No. 1 (2001) Vol. 1 No. 2 (2000) Vol. 1 No. 1 (2000) More Issue