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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Short Communication: Landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis of wings to distinguish the sex of Aedes mosquito vectors in Thailand TANAWAT CHAIPHONGPACHARA; SEDTHAPONG LAOJUN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 2 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200216

Abstract

Chaiphongpachara T, Laojun S. 2019. Short Communication: Landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis of wings to distinguish the sex of Aedes mosquito vectors in Thailand. Biodiversitas 20: 419-424. Aedes mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are medically important insects which are vectors of yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya, West Nile, and the Zika virus, emerging problems worldwide. Typically, male (non-vector) and female (vector) Aedes mosquitoes can easily be separated, however, the samples in the field is often incomplete, making it difficult to separate male and female mosquitoes. The goal of this research is to study the effectiveness of the landmark-based geometric morphometric technique to distinguish the sex of male and female Aedes mosquito vectors, including Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and Ae. scutellaris, in Thailand. Evaluation of wing size by centroid size analysis found that males and females are distinctly different; females are larger than males in three species of Aedes mosquito. The wing centroid size of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were very similar, however, Ae. scutellaris was smaller than in both other species. The wing shape between sexes was different in all groups of Aedes mosquitoes. The accuracy of the sex’s classification of Aedes vectors was quite high (more than > 80% from the cross-validated reclassification test). The results of this study prove that landmark-based geometric morphometric can distinguish sexes in Aedes vectors which can be used to solve problems in the field when it is necessary to distinguish the sexes of Aedes mosquitoes with damaged samples.
Short Communication: Positional behavior of captive Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) at Bukit Merah Orangutan Island, Perak, Malaysia SITI NORSYUHADA KAMALUDDIN; SABAPATHY DHARMALINGAM; BADRUL MUNIR MD-ZAIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 2 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200217

Abstract

Kamaluddin SN, Dharmalingam S, Md-Zain BM. 2019. Short Communication: Positional behavior of captive Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) at Bukit Merah Orangutan Island, Perak, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 20: 425-429. Bukit Merah Orangutan Island (BMOUI) is the only semi-captive orangutan conservation center in the Malay Peninsula. BMOUI promotes orangutan conservation through ex-situ efforts comprising rehabilitation, education, awareness, ecotourism, and research studies. This research aimed to determine the qualitative behavior aspects, especially focusing on the orangutan positional behavior on BMOUI. A focal instantaneous sampling method was carried out for 252 hours from December 2015 to November 2016. The qualitative results showed that the positional behaviors of a Bornean orangutan at BMOUI were divided into nine main categories, as follows: sitting, lying, clinging, forelimb-hindlimb suspension, standing, walking, running, brachiation, and multipositional modes. The most favorable position shown by a captive Bornean orangutan on BMOUI were dominated by sitting and lying postures. The variety of positional modes displayed in a semi-captive condition still maintained Bornean orangutan as the great ape originating from the tropical inhabitants of wooded environments.
The composition and diversity of plant species in pasak bumi’s (Eurycoma longifolia) habitat in Batang Lubu Sutam forest, North Sumatra, Indonesia ARIDA SUSILOWATI; HENTI HENDALASTUTI RACHMAT; DENI ELFIATI; M. HABIBI HASIBUAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 2 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200215

Abstract

Susilowati A, Rachmat HH, Elfiati D, Hasibuan MH. 2019. The composition and diversity of plant species in pasak bumi’s (Eurycoma longifolia) habitat in Batang Lubu Sutam forest, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 413-418. Pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) is one of the most popular medicinal plants in Indonesia. Currently, E. longifolia is being over-exploited due to its potential and popularity as herbal medicine and its high value in the market. Therefore, the study on the population structure of the species and habitat characterization is required to ensure successfulness of conservation of this species. The study was carried out in lowland forest, located in Limited Production Forest within the Register Number 40, situated administratively in Papaso Village, Sub-District of Batang Lubu Sutam-Padang Lawas, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Batang Lubu Sutam forest is known as a source of pasak bumi material in North Sumatra. Every year tons of pasak bumi are collected from this forest and exported to Malaysia and surrounding countries. Due to illegal harvesting for its roots, pasak bumi has been seriously depleted in some areas in Batang Lubu Sutam forest. Therefore, current data on its population are needed for conservation effort of Batang Lubu Sutam's pasak bumi. The objectives of this study were to assess the structure of forest where pasak bumi grows and to determine the correct management for sustainability the future stocks. Vegetation analysis was carried out purposively in four transect belts, each consisting of five quadrats or plots. The results showed that the Importance Value Index of pasak bumi at seedling, sapling, pole and tree stages was 21.26%, 9.147%, 0, and 0 respectively. The Shannon Diversity Index (H) ranged between 3.050 and 3.220 and was inside its common value distribution. The evenness index was high, more than 0.85, at all stages of plant growth. The disappearance of pasak bumi at pole and tree stages indicates threatening condition for the sustainability of pasak bumi in the study sites because of excessive harvesting.
Short Communication: A report on ranging behavior of Malayan flying lemurs, Galeopterus variegatus, in West Indonesia: Relationships with habitat characteristics YAMATO TSUJI; BAMBANG PRAYITNO; TAKAFUMI TATEWAKI; KANTHI ARUM WIDAYATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 2 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200218

Abstract

Tsuji Y, Prayitno B, Tatewaki T, Widayati KA, Suryobroto B. 2019. Short Communication: A report on ranging behavior of Malayan flying lemurs, Galeopterus variegatus, in West Indonesia: Relationships with habitat characteristics. Biodiversitas 20: 430-435. We attached GPS telemeters to wild Malayan flying lemurs, or colugos (Galeopterus variegatus) (n = 3, one adult male, one adult female, one juvenile male) in Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia in August 2018, to preliminary evaluate their home range size and characteristics, paying special attention to relationships with forest structure. Home range sizes, generated from location points collected from 4 to 11 days, ranging from 1.2 to 5.4 ha (based on minimum convex polygon method) or from 1.3 to 4.2 ha (95% Kernel), which is much larger than home ranges of colugos inhabiting palm plantations. The home range sizes of adult colugos were larger than that of juvenile. The home ranges of an adult female and a juvenile overlapped. The generalized linear model demonstrated that the locations where the colugos stayed frequently possessed a small number of trees and/or had a single taller tree, and these effects were stronger than other factors. The home range preferences of colugos seem to be related to gliding effectiveness and/or predator avoidance. The mean gliding distances were 33 m, but sometimes reached > 250 m, and there were no significant differences among animals. Night time gliding frequency showed no clear difference between time periods. We confirmed the effectiveness of GPS telemetry for tracking colugo movements.
Short communication: Enhanced enrichment is inevitable to carry on the legacy of African civet (Civettictis civetta) captive farming TAKELE TAYE DESTA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 6 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200613

Abstract

Abstract. Desta TT. 2019. Enhanced enrichment is inevitable to carry on the legacy of African civet (Civettictis civetta) captive farming. Biodiversitas 20: 1575-1579. African civet secrets an aromatic compound called civet musk. Ethiopia has a long-lasting production and trading history of civet musk. Ethiopia holds about 90% of the international market share. Irrespective of economic importance and histocultural significance; inadequate enrichment and suboptimal management have been increasingly threatened the welfare of captive civets. To carry on with the legacy of captive civet farming, current management practice should have to be improved and additional civet and civet musk derived use values should have to be sought after.
Short Communication: Agro-morphological diversity among four tomato cultivars in western Burundi FREDERIC NGEZAHAYO; JEAN CLAUDE NGENDAKURIYO; EMMANUEL BIZINDAVYI; CYRILLE MBONIHANKUYE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 2 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200219

Abstract

Ngezahayo F, Ngendakuriyo Jc, Bizindavyi E, Mbonihankuye C. 2019. Short Communication: Agro-morphological diversity among four tomato cultivars in western Burundi. Biodiversitas 20: 436-441. Since crop cultivars represent a reservoir of genetic diversity; essential are the understanding and the utilization of genetic variation in tomato accessions for improving the crop. The objective of the present study was to characterize 4 tomato cultivars from the western Burundi by means of 8 agro-morphological traits that could be exploited for tomato crop improvement. Tanya and P20 cultivars showed the lowest plant height but the highest flower number, fruit number and yield per cultivar. This was corroborated by a significant negative correlation between plant height and flower number, fruit number and yield per cultivar in overall results. On the other hand, Floradel and Tengerou97 cultivars have the highest stem circumference and leaf number. Cluster analysis also showed almost four clusters corresponding to one cluster for each cultivar, though Tengerou97 and Floradel tend to be grouped together. Finally, principal component analysis showed that all the eight agro-morphological traits participated in grouping tomato cultivars; particularly flower number, fruit number, plant height, and yield per cultivar. The first three principal component axes accounted for 92.465% of total variation observed among tomato cultivars. Thus, the four cultivars should all be exploited in tomato breeding and improvement programs.
Short Communication: Genetic resources of fast-growing tree for rehabilitating upland area of deteriorated Saguling catchment, West Java, Indonesia HENTI HENDALASTUTI RACHMAT; ATOK SUBIAKTO; ARIDA SUSILOWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 2 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200220

Abstract

Rachmat HH, Subiakto A, Susilowati A. 2019. Title. Short Communication: Genetic resources of fast-growing tree for rehabilitating upland area of deteriorated Saguling catchment, West Java, Indonesia Biodiversitas 20: 442-447. Representing the upper landscapes area in West Bandung District, West Java Province, Indonesia with the highest point of ± 650 m, Saguling reservoir covers catchment area of about ± 2300 ha. Many huge reservoirs in Indonesia experienced faster-observed sedimentation than those of its expected time. The main cause for this situation is that the sedimentation rate has been doubled or even more than that of calculated or expected. The phenomenon of excessive and accelerated sedimentation condition in a water reservoir indicated that the development of both areas and its community have neglected the conservation aspect of the catchment areas. Those, rehabilitation of catchment area become an urgent need. Related to rehabilitation purposes, we planted six fast-growing tree species (Ochroma pyramidale/balsa, Nauclea orientalis/gempol, Ficus variegate/nyawai, Antocephalus cadamba/jabon putih, Anthocephalus macrophyllus/jabon merah, and Octomeles sumatrana/binuang bini) to determine which ones were the most suitable for scale-up plantation in rehabilitation activities. Planting was designed by total planting in uniform planting distance of 3 x 3 m, each species planted in line planting technique consisted of 3 block replications. Measurement on seedling height was conducted over all species at 6 and 12 months after planting. The best height increment showing the fastest growing species at 6 months after planting then scaled up to bigger experimental plot covering 3 ha area. Of the sixth month after planting measurement, result showed balsa gained the highest average height (136.19 cm) followed by nyawai, binuang bini, jabon merah, jabon putih and gempol (133.53 cm, 99.60 cm, 78.27 cm, 70.60 cm, and 53..30 cm). Scaled up experimental plot for balsa showed the average height at 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 year after planting (yap) was 4.16 m, 12.13 m, and 23.08 m while the average diameter breast height (DBH) was 7.0 cm, 20.14 cm and 28.21 cm. From study result, we suggested balsa as potential fast growing tree species planted for rehabilitation activities in Saguling catchment area.
Short Communication: Two new species and new record of Psydrax Gaertn. (Rubiaceae: Vanguerieae) in Borneo RIDHA MAHYUNI; TATIK CHIKMAWATI; NUNIK SRI ARIYANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 7 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200730

Abstract

Abstract. Mahyuni R, Chikmawati T, Ariyanti NS. 2019. Short Communication: Two new species and new record of  Psydrax Gaertn. (Rubiaceae: Vanguerieae) in Borneo. Biodiversitas 20: 2011-2015. Psydrax sabahensis Mahyuni and P. wongii Mahyuni are two new species endemic to Borneo proposed in this present study with descriptions, illustrations and map of distribution provided. Psydrax sabahensis has blades ovate to elliptic, with angle 60º to the midrib, tertiary venation conspicuous on both side, petiole length 10-13 mm long, inflorescence sub-umbellate and pedicels 23-27 mm long. Psydrax wongii has blade elliptic, with angle 45º to midrib, apex acuminate to caudate, secondary veins 3-4 pairs, tertiary venation inconspicuous on upper side and slightly wrinkled on lower surface. The presence of P. maingayi (Hook.f.) Bridson in Borneo, previously thought to be a Malay Peninsula endemic species, is also confirmed as a new record.
Phylogenetic study of endophytic fungi associated with Centella asiatica from Bengkulu and Malaysian accessions based on the ITS rDNA sequence NANI RADIASTUTI; DWI NINGSIH SUSILOWATI; HUSHSHILA A BAHALWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 5 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200503

Abstract

Abstract. Radiastuti N, Bahalwan HA, Susilowati DN. 2019. Phylogenetic study of endophytic fungi associated with Centella asiatica from Bengkulu and Malaysian accessions based on the ITS rDNA sequence. Biodiversitas 20:  1248-1258. Centella asiatica is one of the medicinal plants which is known to be symbiotic with various endophytic fungi. The purpose of this research was to determine diversity of culturable fungal endophyte from C. asiatica. Identification was conducted using molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS rDNA sequence. The result showed that obtained 145 isolates endophytic fungi (from stolons, leaves, roots, petioles) were grouped into 18 morphotaxa (Bengkulu) and 23 morphotaxa (Malaysian). The fungal endophytic were identified as Aspergillus austroafricanus, Aspergillus oryzae, Acrocalymma vagum, Ceratobasidium cornigerum, Ceratobasidium sp., Chaetomium globosum, Colletotrichum karstii, C. gigasporium, C. tabaci, Colletotrichum siamense, Eutypella sp., Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, F. falciforme, F. keratoplasticum, F. striatum, Fusarium sp., Penicillium capsulatum, Phoma multirostrata, Perenniporia tephropora, Perenniporia sp., Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Phanerochaete stereoides, Phyllosticta capitalensis, Phomopsis asparagi, Peroneutypa scoparia, Phialemoniopsis sp., Mycochaetophora gentinae, Talaromyces sp., Earliella scabrosa, and Trichaptum sp. based on molecular phylogenetic analysis. Fusarium (Nectriaceae) were the most found of fungal endophytes in both C. asiatica Bengkulu and Malaysian accession. The majority strain are including Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes. The identification of endophytic fungi from medicinal plants is needed as a preliminary study to determine the potential of endophytic fungi producing bioactive compounds.
Short Communication: Sexual dimorphism of Hill Blue Flycatcher (Cyornis banyumas) in Hill Evergreen Forest, Mae Sa-Kog Ma Biosphere Reserve, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand PAANWARIS PAANSRI; SUPALAK SIRI; YUWADEE PONPITHUK; WARONG SUKSAVATE; MONGKOL SAFOOWONG; WIMONMART NUIPAKDEE; PRATEEP DUENGKAE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 6 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200608

Abstract

Abstract. Paansri P, Siri S, Ponpithuk Y, Suksavate W, Safoowong M, Nuipakdee W, Duengkae P. 2019. Sexual dimorphism of Hill Blue Flycatcher (Cyornis banyumas) in Hill Evergreen Forest, Mae Sa-Kog Ma Biosphere Reserve, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Biodiversitas 20: 1544-1548. A sample consisting of 60 males and 39 females Cyornis banyumas captured in the Mae Sa-Kog Ma Biosphere Reserve was examined using 42 morphometric characters to assess sexual dimorphism. The results of the univariate analysis showed that there were ten morphometric traits (Ltail, TLF, C-middle, HB, C-outer, T-inner, C-digit, T-middle, DUTET and LG) that could be used for discrimination of sexual differences. The morphological data based on significant differences revealed that males were larger than females. The results of discriminant analysis based on the significant differences of nine raw morphometric data can be used to construct a sexual discrimination equation (D) where D = -22.051 + 0.368 (Ltail). The sexual discrimination equation can be directly used to identify both sexes with 79.6% of cross-validated grouped cases correctly classified, since positive D scores indicated males and negative D scores indicated females, with 81.4% of the males and 74.4% of the females being correctly assigned with a cutoff value between sexes = 0.

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