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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Ethnobotany and conservation of indigenous edible fruit plants in South Aceh, Indonesia Adi Bejo Suwardi; ZIDNI ILMAN NAVIA; TISNA HARMAWAN; SYAMSUARDI; ERIZAL MUKHTAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 5 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210511

Abstract

Abstract. Suwardi AB, Navia ZI, Harmawan T, Syamsuardi, Mukhtar E. 2020. Ethnobotany and conservation of indigenous edible fruit plants in South Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1850-1860. The traditional knowledge system is immensely important in the context of plant resource conservation, utilization, and environmental management. The objectives of this study, therefore, were to document local knowledge on the diversity, utilization and sustainable management of indigenous fruit yielding species in the South Aceh region of Indonesia. This research was based on extensive field surveys, plant collection, and interviews with the local people, and a total of 56 indigenous edible fruit species belonging to 24 families were identified. Furthermore, the recognized varieties have numerous applications and serve multiple use categories. For example, they have been adopted as food (56 species), by medicine (16 species), construction materials (14 species), furniture (13 species) and firewood (12 species). These indigenous edible fruits are mostly used in the treatment of cough, stomach ache, diarrhea, fever, and digestive problems, and the following species are commonly traded in traditional markets Durio zibethinus, Garcinia mangostana, Mangifera indica, Mangifera foetida, Mangifera odorata, Baccaurea macrophylla, and Baccaurea lanceolata. The agricultural expansion activities in South Aceh region are assumed to present significant threats to the sustainability of indigenous edible fruit species. Conservation of indigenous fruit plants can be performed through the preservation of traditional knowledge and the promotion and domestication of indigenous fruit plant species.
Checklist and estimation of total number of phytoplankton species in Pari, Tidung, and Payung Islands, Indonesia Arief Rachman
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 6 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210616

Abstract

Abstract. Rachman A. 2020. Checklist and estimation of total number of phytoplankton species in Pari, Tidung, and Payung Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2446-2454. A checklist of phytoplankton species from an anthropogenically pressured ecosystem has become a necessity to study the marine ecosystem changes and to detect the presence of introduced species in the area. This study aimed to list and describe the phytoplankton community in the Tidung, Pari, and Payung Islands and to estimate the total number of phytoplankton species in those islands. Sampling was conducted in May 2019 in 10 sites, consisted of 5 sites around Pari Island, 1 site next to Payung Island, and 4 sites around Tidung Island. As many as 150 species of phytoplankton, consisted of 109 species of diatoms, 38 species of dinoflagellates, 3 species of cyanobacteria, were recorded in this study. However, up to 47 phytoplankton species were estimated to be missing from the current sampling effort. Three diatom species, Chaetoceros curvisetus, Chaetoceros distans, and Chaetoceros affinis were the most abundant and most common species in the studied areas. Dinoflagellates were found in low density and have limited distribution compared to diatoms. Tripos trichoceros, Tripos fusus, and Tripos macroceros were the three most common dinoflagellates in the studied islands. Several notable harmful species, such as Pseudo-nitzschia spp., Alexandrium sp., Tripos furca, Cochlodinium sp., Dinophysis miles, Prorocentrum lima, and Noctiluca scintillans, were present albeit with low cell density. However, concern on future blooms of those harmful species in the greater water regions (i.e. Seribu Island or Jakarta Bay) should be noted, as it might cause environmental damages, including a shift in species dominance and disappearance of some native phytoplankton species from the ecosystem in the future.
Growth inhibition of Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum by Streptomyces sasae TG01, and its ability to solubilize insoluble phosphate I Made Sudiana; ADELIA PUTRI; TOGA PANGIHOTAN NAPITUPULU; IDRIS; ISMU PURNANINGSIH; ATIT KANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210201

Abstract

Abstract. Sudiana A, Putri A, Napitupulu TP, Purnaningsih I, Idris, Kanti A. 2020. Growth inhibition of Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum by Streptomyces sasae TG01, and its ability to solubilize insoluble phosphate. Biodiversitas 21: 429-435. Actinomycetes have been widely explored for new antibiotic production, but not many studies explore its abilities to inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic fungi and solubilize insoluble phosphate hence stimulate the growth of plants. We isolated Actinomycetes from the soil. Based on morphology, physiology, and 16S rDNA analyses, the isolate is closely related to Streptomyces sasae. The strain was able to inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium solani, and Fusarium oxysporum. S. sasae produced secondary metabolites 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane as the major constituent. The strain assimilated variable carbon sources include L-arabinose, D-fructose, D-glucose, D-mannitol, Lactose, raffinose, L-rhamnose, and sucrose. The strain grew at pH 6.0 to 8.0, and at salinity (1-3%). Their growth was affected by the salinity level. The strain solubilized Ca-P at 1-3% salinity, but their ability to solubilize phosphate was influenced by salinity. The strain was also able to solubilize rock phosphate. Their ability to solubilize less soluble phosphate and inhibit the growth of F. solani and F. oxysporum may imply that this strain is potential for biocontrol agents. The 16S rRNA gene was submitted to DDBJ with the entry number 5df623c1a3c8820021322a36.TG01, and the accession number is LC514451.
Short Communication: Ethnobotanical study of Lygodium circinnatum and its utilization in crafts weaving in Indonesia Mulyati Rahayu; Emma Sri Kuncari; Mahdawia; Marwan Setiawan
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210225

Abstract

Abstract. Rahayu M, Kuncari ES, Mahdawia, Setiawan M. 2020. Short Communication: Ethnobotanical study of Lygodium circinnatum and its utilization in crafts weaving in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 617-621. Lygodium circinnatum (Burm.f.) Swartz, locally known as ketak, is a species of ferns that is currently widely used as raw material for making woven artifacts. In Indonesia, the center of L. circinnatum handicrafts, among others, is the island of Bali, Lombok and the city of Kendari. A variety of products are in great demand, not only by domestic tourists but also by foreign tourists. Cultivation of L. circinnatum has not been undertaken effectively, therefore raw material supply is still from wild populations. This ethnobotanical study conducted to review the traditional use of L. circinnatum and its cultivation efforts. This is essential as the use value of the L. circinnatum is increasing and also to ensure the continued availability of raw materials.
Traditional agro-management practices, utilization and nutritional composition of momala: A local maize variety of Gorontalo, Indonesia NOVRI YOULA KANDOWANGKO; MARGARETHA SOLANG; ERNA RETNAWATY
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210301

Abstract

Abstract. Kandowangko NY, Solang M, Retnawaty E. 2020. Traditional agro-management practices, utilization and nutritional composition of Momola-a local maize variety of Gorontalo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 853-859. Maize (Zea mays, L.) or corn, locally called milu or binthe (Gorontalo language), has been a popular crop among Gorontalo people for a long time. People mostly use baby corn as the main ingredient of binthe biluhuta, famous traditional food in Gorontalo. momala is a local maize variety of Gorontalo the cultivation of which is decreasing. The cause is a shift in farmers’ preference of the crop, most of them preferring hybrid variety over momala. Decrease in cultivating local maize has also led to a decline in the local farmers’ traditional knowledge of the crop. Therefore, initiatives to raise awareness of the importance of cultivating local crops are essential for their popularization and conservation purposes. This research is aimed at (i) exploring the traditional knowledge of local farmers pertaining to agro-management of maize or corn, (ii) describing the utilization of momala, and (iii) investigating the nutritional composition of momala, both by qualitative and quantitative methods The results revealed that the corn farmers apply the principle of huyula or gotong royong (communal work) in their agriculture activities. The people are using momala corn as the main ingredient of local food preparations, such as binthe biluhuta (clear corn soup), balobinthe (corn rice), and kokole (soft, pudding-like corn cake), in addition to some traditional rituals. Nutritional analysis indicated that its ash content is 1.34-2.86%, crude protein is 9.09-11.67% crude fat is 4.29-4.96%, and carbohydrate is 67.68-68.16%. Furthermore, the composition of nitrogen-free extract ranges from 57.85-72.96% and metabolic energy content ranges from 2896.94-3352.77 Kcal/kg. Measures to conserve and improve momala are necessary to promote food security of people.
Genetic diversity analysis of yardlong bean genotypes (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis) based on IRAP marker Muhammad Habib Widyawan; Sri Wulandary; Taryono
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210333

Abstract

Abstract. Widyawan MH, Wulandary S, Taryono. 2020. Genetic diversity analysis of yardlong bean genotypes (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis) based on IRAP marker. Biodiversitas 21: 1101-1107. Inter-Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism (IRAP) marker is a PCR-based molecular marker that detects polymorphism between retrotransposon sites. This marker has been utilized and successfully assessed genetic diversity in many crop species. Yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis) was an important vegetable legume crop that grown mainly for its fresh pod that rich in nutritional benefits for humans, ultimately dietary fiber and protein. Trends of people awareness to nutritional content of food are increasing, therefore breeding for quality traits is important. Genetic diversity analysis is an important and elementary step in breeding programs in order to determine the breeding strategy. The aims of this research are to perform an optimization of IRAP marker and applied it for genetic diversity analysis in 16 yardlong bean genotypes. Seven primers were used as marker in a pair or single combination and resulted in 11 optimized markers that able to be used for genetic diversity analysis. Sixteen yardlong bean genotypes consisting of commercial cultivars and local genotypes from Indonesia were genotyped using eleven IRAP markers. Marker polymorphism and diversity parameters from each marker i.e. Percentage of Polymorphic Loci (PPL), Expected Heterozygosity (He), Polymorphic Information Content (PIC), Effective Multiplex Ratio (EMR), Marker Index (MI), Discriminating Power (D), and Resolving Power (RP) were calculated. Based on those values, several markers used in this study were considered as informative and efficient in terms of analyzing genetic diversity in yardlong bean. Jaccard's method was used to measure genetic similarity and it is revealed that there is high level of similarity between yardlong bean genotypes used in this study. Thus, it is implied that there is a narrow genetic diversity of yardlong bean genotypes used in this study. Cluster analysis was performed to construct dendrogram based on genetic similarity and classified 16 yardlong genotypes into 4 clusters. Interestingly, majority of the clusters formed were not able to classified genotypes based on their origin. The result of cluster analysis then confirmed by Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) that able to explain 47.76 % of total variation. The results of this study provide a foundation for the genetic diversity analysis based on IRAP marker and genetic improvement in yardlong bean.
Short Communication: Proximate analysis, amino acid profile and albumin concentration of various weights of Giant Snakehead (Channa micropeltes) from Kapuas Hulu, West Kalimantan, Indonesia Wahyu Wira Pratama; Happy Nursyam; Anik Martinah Hariati; R Adharyan Islamy; VERYL HASAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210346

Abstract

Abstract. Pratama WW, Nursyam H, Hariati AM, Islamy RA, Hasan V. 2020. Short Communication: Proximate analysis, amino acid profile and albumin concentration of various weights of Giant Snakehead (Channa micropeltes) from Kapuas Hulu, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1196-1200. Fish is an important foodstuff due to its nutritional value and high protein. One of popular fish as a foodstuff in tropical Asia is giant snakehead fish (Channa micropeltes). This study aims to examine the proximate composition, amino acid profile, and albumin concentration of giant snakeheads in various weights and to determine the best weight of giant snakeheads according to the proximate, amino acid, and albumin concentration. This research used natural-caught giant snakehead as a material of study, which was categorized into 4 weight sizes consisting of 4-5 grams (B1), 6-14 grams (B2), 15-34 grams (B3), 35-300 grams (B4). Based on the results of the test, the highest water content was found in B1 of 80.5%, the highest levels of protein and fat were in the B4 group of 16.8% and 1.7%, respectively. The highest total amino acid profile was found in B4, with the highest composition of essential amino acids, lysine, which was 2.02%, while the composition of the highest non-essential amino acid in glutamate was 3.60%. The highest albumin levels were in the B4 group which was 16.7%. According to the result of this research, the best weight to consume according to the proximate analysis (Protein, fat content), amino acid profile, and albumin concentration is a giant snakehead at the weightiest of 35-300 grams (B4).
Short Communication: Isolation and characterization of the endophytic bacteria, and their potential as maize diseases control endang mugiastuti; SUPRAYOGI; NUR PRIHATININGSIH; LOEKAS SOESANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 5 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210506

Abstract

Abstract. Mugiastuti E, Suprayogi, Prihatiningsih N, Soesanto L. 2020. Short Communication: Isolation And Characterization Of The Endophytic Bacteria, And Their Potential As Maize Diseases Control. Biodiversitas 21: 1809-1815. Sheath blight and bacterial wilt are diseases that can reduce maize production. Biological control with the endophytic bacteria offers environmentally friendly control for these pathogens. The study aimed to isolate and characterize the endophytic bacteria morphologically and biochemically and to study their potential to control maize diseases, especially sheat blight and bacterial wilt causing pathogens. The study was conducted at the Plant Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University, from April to August 2019. The study consisted of four stages: isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria, the antagonism test of the endophytic bacterial to R solani, the antagonism test of the endophytic bacteria to Pantoea sp., and the mechanical test of the endophytic bacteria as biological control agents and plant growth-promoting bacteria. Based on the research, four endophytic bacteria isolates have been successfully isolated, and characterized successfully and found have the potential to be developed as biopesticides to control maize disease, especially R. solani and Pantoea sp. Bacillus sp, endophytic from the root (BK.A1; BK.A3; PP.A5) and Bacillus sp. endophytic from the stem (PPD.B2) can suppress the growth of R.solani by more than 50%, have a strong antagonistic index against Pantoea sp (> 4), and can produce protease and lipase enzyme, and phosphate solubilization.
Physiological, biochemical activities of cherelle wilt on three cocoa clones (Theobroma cacao) under two levels of soil fertilities Endang Sri Dewi.HS HS; PRAPTO YUDONO; EKA TARWACA SUSILA PUTRA; BENITO HERU PURWANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210124

Abstract

Abstract. Dewi HS ES, Ydono P, Putra ETS, Purwanto BH. 2020. Physiological, biochemical activities of cherelle wilt on three cocoa clones (Theobroma cacao) under two levels of soil fertilities. Biodiversitas 21: 187-194. Cherelle wilt is one of the diseases caused by physiological disorders. It results in loss of young pods by 70-90%. This study aims to reveal the correlation of physiological, biochemical activities of several cocoa clones with two soil fertility status. The study was conducted using a nested design with two blocks as replications. The soil fertility status was classified based on soil chemical status. This obtained two clusters of soil fertility, namely low soil fertility, high soil fertility. The second factor was cocoa clone, consisting of three clones, namely RCC 70, RCC 71, KKM 22. Variables measured were soil character, biochemistry of fresh, wilting cherelles, physiological activities, cherelle wilt, biochemical activities including sucrose content, reducing sugar, invertase activity. The data obtained were analyzed for their variance (ANOVA) with a 95% confidence level, tested using Tukey’s HSD there were significant differences between treatments. The results showed that high soil fertility status could increase contents of N, P, K, boron in leaves, increase nitrate reductase activity, chlorophyll contents, increase photosynthesis rate, suppress transpiration rate, increase assimilate transport from leaves to cherelle, increase enzyme invertase activity. RCC 70 clone indicated better physiological, biochemical activity, had the smallest percentage of cherelle wilt. Soil fertility status can suppress cherelle wilt by up to 60% through increasing physiological, biochemical activity. The RCC 70 clone shows the lowest cherelle wilt values ??compared to RCC 71, KKM 22 clones.
Local indigenous strategy to rehabilitate and conserve mangrove ecosystem in the southeastern Gulf of Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia RONGGO SADONO; DJOKO SOEPRIJADI; ARI SUSANTI; Jeriels Matatula; EKO PUJIONO; FAHMI IDRIS; PANDU YUDHA ADI PUTRA WIRABUANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210353

Abstract

Abstract. Sadono R, Soeprijadi D, Susanti A, Matatula J, Pujiono E, Idris F, Wirabuana PYAP. 2020. Local indigenous strategy to rehabilitate and conserve mangrove ecosystem in the southeastern Gulf of Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1250-1257.  The existence of local communities around mangrove ecosystems plays essential role to support the effort of conservation programs in this area. This study is aimed to investigate a set of situation faced by local communities in the southeastern Gulf of Kupang (SGK), East Nusa Tenggara Province which led to the rehabilitation of once degraded mangrove forests in SGK and the strategies to conserve the recovered mangrove forests. A case study approach was developed using purposive sampling to collect information regarding the historical situation of mangrove forests in SGK. Further, remote sensing method using multi-temporal observation data was used to investigate the changes in mangrove cover from 1994 to 2019. This study revealed that a series of situations became the fundamental of the success in retaining the existence of mangrove ecosystems in SGK. First, the negative impacts of mangrove degradation affected the communities badly in relation to their livelihoods in fisheries and marine sector as well as other environmental services. Then, this situation led to the emergent of a local champion to initiate mangrove rehabilitation efforts which firstly did not get attention from most of the communities. After some initial successes, the efforts of the local champion was then followed by other members of communities, triggering a bigger scale of mangrove rehabilitation. Having the mangrove recovered, the communities set of highly strict local indigenous rules in which every indigenous people who conducting illegal logging in the mangroves would be expelled from the village, while a large fine was given for outside people who did the similar action. Currently, more than 90% of respondents have understood the benefits of mangroves and derived advantages from it, particularly in improving their prosperity and security. The results of the success of mangrove rehabilitation and conservation in SGK was confirmed by the increasing extent of mangrove vegetation using remote sensing data. The case study of rehabilitation and conservation in SGK provided valuable learning for communities in other areas.

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