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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Short Communication: The diversity of termites along the altitudinal gradient in a Karst Area of Southern Gombong, Central Java, Indonesia Hery Pratiknyo; ENDANG ARIYANI SETYOWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210456

Abstract

Abstract. Pratiknyo H, Setyowati EA. 2020. Short Communication: The diversity of termites along the altitudinal gradient in a Karst Area of Southern Gombong, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1730-1734. A karst area of Southern Gombong at altitudes of 0-500 m has a porous substrate whose soil content decreases as the altitude gets higher toward the top of the hill. This area is characterized by poor soil nutrient, but it has high CaCO3 and pH, which is not a favorable habitat for many species of termites which depend on soil substrate, as source of nutrient for community development, especially soil-feeding termites, as habitat for fungi as secondary daily diet, and as a stabilizer of the nest humidity. The aims of this research were to determine the diversity of termites along the altitudinal gradient in this karst area, and to determine the correlation between altitude and the termite diversity. The area was divided into 5 segments based on the altitudes, i.e., 0-100 m, 100-200 m, 200-300 m, 300-400 m, and 400-500 m. In each segment, a transect belt, 100 m long and 2 m wide, was made. Each transect was divided into 20 sections. Termites were sampled from living trees, branches, bark, litter and soil for 30 minutes per person in each section. The data were analyzed to determine the Shannon-Wienner diversity index (H¢), Shannon-Evenness index (E), and Simpson's Dominance index, and to find the correlation between the species diversity and altitude. The results showed that the termite diversity in the study site was low. Only four termite species were found with the indexes of diversity (H’), evenness (E), and dominance (D) of 1.01, 0.73 and 0.44 respectively. There was no linear correlation between termite diversity and altitude; the highest diversity was found in the middle altitudes, following the mid-domain effect model.
Envisioning a future for Bornean orangutans: Conservation impacts of action plan implementation and recommendations for improved population outcomes Julie Sherman; Marc Ancrenaz; Maria Voigt; Felicity Oram; Truly Santika; Serge Wich; Erik Meijaard
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210206

Abstract

Abstract. Sherman J, Ancrenaz M, Voigt M, Oram F, Santika T, Wich S, Meijaard E. 2020. Envisioning a future for Bornean orangutans: Conservation impacts of action plan implementation and recommendations for improved population outcomes. Biodiversitas 21: 465-477. Populations of the Critically Endangered Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) are declining despite more than 10 years of conservation action plan implementation. Here we analyzed the impacts on species' population and habitat from orangutan conservation strategies implemented between 2007 and 2017. We also assessed data on investments into orangutan conservation, orangutan population trends and landcover change in orangutan range between 2007 and 2017. Diverse strategies addressed the range of threats to orangutans but were not implemented at scales that impacted species’ level populations and habitats. Since 2007 orangutan populations and forests across orangutan range have declined, with orangutan killing and deforestation as the major drivers of loss. Protected areas have increased since 2007, notably in Malaysian range states and in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. However, 80% or tens of thousands of orangutans live outside protected areas in Kalimantan alone. Our results underscore scientific findings that have demonstrated this species’ resiliency and modified previous understanding of their habitat use. Orangutans are regularly found using agriculture landscapes (acacia, oil palm, and timber plantations), and exploited forests. This plasticity must be considered to design more effective orangutan conservation strategies. We need to revise the notion of “orangutan habitat” to extend beyond forests alone, incorporating all landscapes where P. pygmaeus can be found. Orangutans cannot survive in exclusively monoculture production areas; they need some natural forest to fulfill their ecological requirements. However, individuals surviving in isolated forest patches or mosaic landscapes play an important role in sustaining the long-term viability of the local metapopulation through provision of crucial genetic, reproductive and socioecological connectivity. Our findings suggest removing these individuals through translocations weakens overall metapopulation health. All necessary efforts must be made to maintain individuals in isolated forest patches or mosaic landscapes in order to support healthy metapopulations. Improved orangutan population outcomes will require addressing habitat connectivity at the landscape level, incorporating both non-forested and anthropogenically modified areas, and developing efficient management strategies for human and orangutan co-existence within these multiple-use landscapes.
Short Communication: Community structure and diversity of Odonata in Suranadi Natural Park, West Lombok Indonesia MOHAMMAD LIWA ILHAMDI; AGIL AL IDRUS; DIDIK SANTOSO; Gito Hadiprayitno
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210238

Abstract

Abstract. Ilhamdi ML, Al Idrus A, Santoso D, Hadiprayitno G. 2020. Short Communication: Community structure and diversity of Odonata in Suranadi Natural Park, West Lombok Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 718-723. Odonata is an order of insects. The life cycle of this order is dependent on freshwater habitat. Sensitivity to environmental changes causes odonates to be important bioindicators of ecosystem change. The importance of the ecological role of odonates is not followed by adequate scientific information on Odonata communities, especially in the Suranadi Natural Park (SNP). The study aimed to monitor the existence and community structure of Odonata in the SNP area every six months in period. The data collection technique was using a survey method by following the transect line, namely the waterway transect line (WTL), plantation border transect (PT) and settlement border transect (ST). Data collection was done 4 times from April to May 2019, once every 2 weeks. The sampling was done twice in the morning from 08.00 to 11.00 AM and in the afternoon from 03.00 to 05.00 PM. Data were analyzed using the relative frequency equation and Diversity Index. The results showed that there were 16 species of odonates consisting of the family Libellulidae (11 species), Platycnemididae (1 species), Chlorocyphidae (1 species), and Coegrinidae (3 species). Orthetrum sabina, Neurothemis ramburii, Diplacodes trivialis, Gynacantha subinterrupta, Copera marginipes, and Pantala flavescens, are species that are present in all of each observation sites. The waterway transect has the highest diversity index (2.027), followed by settlement transect (1.367), and the lowest is plantation transect (1.131).
Characterization and host range assessment of Dickeya zeae associated with pineapple soft rot disease in East Lampung, Indonesia Titik Nur Aeny; Radix Suharjo; Cipta Ginting; Dwi Hapsoro; Ainin Niswati
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210221

Abstract

Abstract. Aeny TN, Suharjo R, Ginting C, Hapsoro D, Niswati A. 2020. Characterization and host range assessment of Dickey zeae associated with pineapple soft rot disease in East Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 587-595. The study aims to characterize the Dickeya zeae associated with pineapple soft rot in East Lampung, Indonesia and to assess the bacterial host range. From the blister-like lesion-symptom, bacteria were isolated with the morphological characteristics: circular, convex, cream white milk-colored, with diameter colonies ranging from 1-2 mm in diameter. Two strains (N-Unila 5 and N-Unila 10) were selected for further investigation including pathogenicity test on pineapple seedling, species identification by phenotypic characteristics and molecular techniques using sequence analysis of 16SrDNA, recA, and dnaX as well as host range test on 25 different plant species. The result of the pathogenicity test showed similar symptoms to those observed in the field. Physiological and biochemical characterization revealed that the two isolates were Gram-negative bacteria, fermentative, lecithinase positive, non-fluorescent on King’s B medium, able to grow on YDC medium at 41oC, did not produce H2S and did not grow in the presence of 5% NaCl. The isolates capable of using Myo-inositol, M-tartrate, mannitol, L-tartrate, lactose, glycerol, D-melibiose, D-arabinose, citrate, and cis-aconitic acid but did not utilize starch, S-ketoglucanate, L-ascorbic acid, inulin, folic acid, D-raffinose and tartrate as a sole carbon source. Phenotypic characteristics indicated that the strains were in the group of Dickeya spp. bv. 3 (phenon 1). Sequence analysis of 16S rDNA, recA, and dnaX revealed that the strains were placed in the same cluster with the reference strain of D. zeae. Host range assessment showed positive soft rot symptoms in Aloe vera, chinese cabbage, dragon-fruit, eggplant, lettuce, and welsh onion that have never been reported before.
Short Communication: The type and sound diversity of Kukuak Balenggek chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) reared in West Sumatra, Indonesia firda arlina; RUSFIDRA; DICKY ANDRIANO; CECE SUMATRI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 5 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210518

Abstract

Abstract. Arlina F, Rusfidra, Andriano D, Sumatri C. 2020. Short Communication: The type and sound diversity of Kukuak Balenggek chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) reared by the association of Kukuak Balenggek Chicken Lovers in West Sumatra. Biodiversitas 21: 1914-1919. Kukuak Balenggek is one of the rare indigenous chicken in Indonesia. The number of population and genetic quality of Kukuak Balenggek Chicken (KBC) in in-situ has been decreasing from year to year. This encourages Kukuak Balenggek chicken lovers to found an association, namely Kukuak Balenggek Chicken Lovers, in order to conserve the germplasm native to West Sumatra. This study aimed to identify the type dan the song diversity of Kukuak Balenggek Chicken. A total of 180 adult males of Kukuak Balenggek chicken used in this study came from 32 members of the Association of Kukuak Balenggek Chicken Lovers. The survey method used in this research was purposive sampling. The analysis of data was carried out by descriptive statistical analysis. The parameters observed were the type of sound, number of crowing, number of crowing syllables, and duration of crow. The analysis of Kukuak Balenggek sound used the Cool Record Edit Pro computer software. The result showed that the percentage of sound type of Rantak Gumarang, Sigegek Angin, Alang Babega, Riak Ilia Aia, Ginyang, Ginyang Mataci, Gayuang Luluah were 37.78%, 26.67 %, 7.78%, 13.33%, 3.33%, 5.56%, and 5,56%, respectively. The highest of average, the number of crowing and syllable crowing based on the type of KBC sound was Sigegek Angin sound with an average of 9.48 crowing and 12.48 crowing syllable. While the longest average of Kukuak Balenggek chicken crowing duration was the Gayuang Luluah sound type with an average of 3.33 seconds.
Seed coating with biological agents to improve the quality of rice seeds contaminated with blast pathogens and increase seedling growth TANTRI PALUPI; FADJAR RIYANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210234

Abstract

Abstract. Palupi T, Riyanto F. 2020. Seed coating with biological agents to improve the quality of rice seeds contaminated with blast pathogens and increase seedling growth. Biodiversitas 21: 683-688. The aim of this research were (1) to evaluate the compatibility of five biological agents (SP21, SP31, RP21, TP12, and TP11), (2) to evaluate the physical and physiological quality of rice seeds contaminated with Pyricularia grisea after being treated with seed coating enriched with biological agents, (3) to evaluate the effectiveness of seed coating on the incidence of blast disease and seedling growth. The first experiment tested the compatibility of five bacterial antagonists on the PSA plates. There were eight treatments in the second experiment namely seed coating enriched with SP21+SP31; SP21+RP21; SP21+TP12; SP31+RP21; RP21+TP11; fungicides; positive control (rice seeds contaminated with blast), and negative control (healthy seeds), and seven treatments in the third experiment which were the same as in experiment 2 without negative control. Parameters observed in the second experiment were: seed germination, vigor index, and growth rate, while parameters observed in the 3rd experiment were the incidence rate of blast disease and plant height. The results of experiment 1 showed that isolates SP21+SP3, SP21+RP21, SP21+TP12, SP31+RP21, and RP21+TP11 had good growth compatibility without antagonism, and they can be used as biocontrol agents. Results of experiment 2 showed that seed coating enriched with SP21+SP31 isolates has the potential to improve the physical and physiological quality of the seeds. Results of experiment 3 showed that seed coating enriched with RP21+TP11 had no incidence of blast disease up to 4 weeks after planting.
Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of Capparis spinosa essential oils from Algeria halima Benachour; Messaoud Ramdani; Takia Lograda; Pierre Chalard; Gilles figueredo
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210121

Abstract

Abstract. Benachour H, Ramdani M, Lograda T, Chalard P, Figueredo J. 2020. Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of Capparis spinosa essential oils from Algeria. Biodiversitas 21: 161-169. The essential oils of Capparis spinosa L. collected from six locations in Algeria were obtained by hydro-distillation. The chemical composition of oils was performed by GC-MS. The disc diffusion method is applied for the antibacterial activity. The extraction produced low yield (0.03%). The result of chromatographic analysis (GC/MS) leads to the identification of 33 components; palmitic acid (38.19%), nonanal-n (12.61%), cymene-2,5-dimethoxy-para (8.94%) and octacosane (5.49%) were the major components of these oils. The result of cluster analysis based on essential oils constituents showed the presence of three chemotypes,i.e., the chemotype of Nonanal-n-Cymen 2,5 dimethoxy para-Dodecanal, the chemotype of Nonanal-n-Hexadecanoic acid-tetracosane and the chemotype Tetracosane-n-pentyl furane-2-octacosane. In-vitro antimicrobial activity of caper oils against nine bacterial species showed that the oils have no activity against E. coli and have modest activities against eight other bacterial species tested; however, the desirability test shows that the oils used were not effective on the bacteria tested.
Analysis of suitability and carrying capacity of mangrove ecosystem for ecotourism in Lembar Village, West Lombok District, Indonesia Sukuryadi Abdillah; NUDDIN HARAHAB; MIMIT PRIMYASTANTO; BAMBANG SEMEDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210222

Abstract

Abstract. Sukuryadi, Harahab N, Primyastanto M, Semedi B. 2020. Analysis of suitability and carrying capacity of mangrove ecosystem for ecotourism in Lembar Village, West Lombok District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 596-604. Mangrove ecosystems in Lembar Village, West Lombok District, Indonesia has high ecological role and economic potentials, and have been as a pilot area for mangrove conservation and rehabilitation activities. In 2015 the area was developed into a mangrove ecotourism area as a form of utilization to obtain ecological and economic sustainability for the local community. The purpose of this study was to determine the suitability and carrying capacity of the mangroves area for the development of mangrove ecotourism. Data collection was conducted using field surveys and direct observation. Data collected were then analyzed to calculate ecotourism suitability index and carrying capacity of the area. The results of data analysis showed that mangrove ecosystem area in Lembar Village is categorized as suitable to be developed as mangrove ecotourism at three stations with value of ecotourism suitability index of 77.78%, while at two stations are categorized conditionally suitable with ecotourism suitability index of 42.22%. Carrying capacity of the area is 2337 people/day with tourist attractions consisting of mangrove tracking (33 people/day), fishing (137 people/day), picnic (1620 people/day), camping ground (542 people/day) and bird watching (6 people/day). Utilization of area based on suitability and carrying capacity is needed to maintain the sustainability of mangrove ecosystems and the economy of coastal communities.
Conservation of tropical tree biodiversity through macropropagation by shoot cutting of raru (Cotylelobium melanoxylon), a highly utilized dipterocarp in North Sumatra, Indonesia Arida Susilowati Susilowati; Kansih Sri Hartini; Deni Elfiati; Henti Hendalastuti Rachmat; Yosie Syadza Kusuma; M. Zulham Efendi Sinaga; Tati Suhartati
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210239

Abstract

Abstract. Susilowati A, Hartini KS, Elfiati D, Rachmat HH, Kusuma YS, Sinaga MZE, Suhartati T. 2020. Macropropagation by shoot cutting of raru (Cotylelobium melanoxylon), a highly utilized dipterocarp in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 724-730. Cotylelobium melanoxylon (Hook.f.) Pierre, or locally named raru, is one of native tree species from North Sumatra that has many uses for its wood and medicinal purposes for anti-diabetic, anti laxative and blood coagulation. C. melanoxylon has been experiencing short supply due to its limited natural distribution, forest degradation, illegal harvesting for its wood and bark and uncertain fruiting season of the species. Along with these alterations, C. melanoxylon population has been decreasing. The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of C. melanoxylon propagation by shoot cutting. Randomized factorial design with 2 factors was employed in this research. The first factor (factor A) was the cutting media (i.e. topsoil only; topsoil and sand with proportion of 1:1 v/v), and the second factor (factor B) was commercial auxin addition (i.e. 1g/100cuttings; without auxin). The observed parameters were survival percentage, rooted percentage, number of primary and secondary root, length of primary and secondary root and root histology. The results showed that the interaction between media and auxin addition did not have any significant effect on all tested parameters. The average survival percentage was 70-90% and rooting percentage was 50-90%. Adventitious root formation on C. melanoxylon cutting was originated from cell differentiation on wounded area near cambium, followed by root primordia formation and root meristem formation. The success of artificial propagation technique for this species will provide basic practice of C. melanoxylon cultivation and may contribute to the effort of ex situ conservation for valuable and threatened tree species.
Short Communication: A note on the new record of the amphibian fauna in Pulau Tinggi, Malaysia Yin Hui Ng; Ngadi Ehwan; Badrul Munir Md-Zain; Md Zairi Zainal; MUHAMMAD ABU BAKAR ABDUL-LATIFF
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 6 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210613

Abstract

Abstract. Ng YH, Ngadi E, Md-Zain BM, Md-Zairi Z, Abdul-Latiff MAB. 2020. A note on the new record of the amphibian fauna in Pulau Tinggi, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 21: 2425-2429. A survey of amphibian species in Pulau Tinggi was conducted from February to October 2019. The study was carried out using the Visual Encounter Survey method and the drift-fenced pitfall trap method. Based on previously published literature and the present survey, an updated checklist of amphibians is presented. In total, nine species were recorded that comprise three previously recorded species (Limnonectes blythii, Polypedates leucomystax and Odorrana hosii), and six new recorded species (Limnonectes deinodon, Polypedates dischantus, Microhyla heymonsi, Fejervarya limnocharis, Ingerophrynus parvus, and Kaloula pulchra).

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