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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Genome evaluation of banana cultivars based on morphological character and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) molecular marker Didik Wahyudi; Uslan; KHAFIDHOTUR RIFLIYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 7 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210715

Abstract

Abstract. Wahyudi D, Rifliyah K, Uslan. 2020. Genome evaluation of banana cultivars based on morphological character and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) molecular marker. Biodiversitas 21: 2982-2990. This study aims to evaluate the genome group and to investigate the genetic variability of banana cultivar using morphological character and ISSR molecular marker. Fourteen banana cultivars with genomic group AA, AAA, AAB, ABB, and BB was used. All samples were Identified morphologically based on minimal descriptors for bananas issued by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). Total genomic DNA was extracted using DNA Isolation Kit Promega Wizard®. ISSR primer was used in this study, including UBC834, UBC835, UBC843, UBC848, and UBC855. Clustering analysis was used to evaluate genome grouping of the banana cultivar. Clustering analysis of morphological character was performed using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) algorithm and Bray-Curtis coefficient similarity using Paleontological Statistics (PAST) software. Morphological and ISSR was successfully differentiate banana cultivars and relatively similar to previous genome grouping. However, pisang Triolin (AAB) must be evaluated since it belongs to AAA group. The identification of cultivars and classification of their genome groups based on morphological characteristics and proved by molecular markers will strengthen the establishment of Musa improvement strategy especially in Indonesia and ease the breeder to identify desirable traits of progenitor to be included in the breeding program.
Impact of mycoinsecticides and abamectin applications on species diversity and abundance of aquatic insects in rice fields of freshwater swamps of South Sumatra, Indonesia Siti Herlinda; Monica Alesia; Susilawati Susilawati; Chandra Irsan; Hasbi Hasbi; Suparman Suparman; Erise Anggraini; Arsi Arsi
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 7 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210727

Abstract

Abstract. Herlinda S, Alesia M, Susilawati, Irsan C, Hasbi, Suparman, Anggraini E, Arsi. 2020. Impact of mycoinsecticides and abamectin applications on species diversity and abundance of aquatic insects in rice fields of freshwater swamps of South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3076-3083. Aquatic insects in rice fields generally are predators of rice insect pests. The application of insecticides may reduce the abundance and species diversity of these predators. This study aimed to determine the impact of mycoinsecticides and abamectin application on species diversity and abundance of aquatic insects in rice fields. Mycoinsecticides were made from Beauveria bassiana s.l., Metarhizium anisopliae s.l. and Cordyceps militaris s.l. with carrier from shrimp shell flour compost extract, vegetable oil, and Tween®. The treatments were the mycoinsecticides and abamectin. The results showed there were eight aquatic insects species obtained in this study, i.e. unidentified Dytiscidae, Micronecta sp., Mesovelia sp., Ranatra sp., Anisops sp., Microvelia sp., unidentified species of Veliidae, and Orthetrum sp. belong to 7 families (Dytiscidae, Corixidae, Mesoveliidae, Nepidae, Notonectidae, Veliidae, Libellulidae), and three orders (Coleoptera, Hemiptera, and Odonata). All of the species were predatory insects. The application of mycoinsecticides did not reduce the abundance and species diversity of the aquatic predatory insects, but the application of abamectin reduced the abundance and species diversity of the predators. The highest insect species diversity was in the plots applied with C. militaris s.l., followed by the B. bassiana s.l. and M. anisopliae s.l. plots and the lowest one was found in the abamectin plot. So, the application of mycoinsecticides from B. bassiana s.l., M. anisopliae s.l. and C. militaris s.l. is safe for the aquatic predatory insects and to control rice insect pests than that of abamectin.
Population genetic structure of Asiatic Hard Clam (Meretrix meretrix) in Thailand based on Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I gene sequence VERAKIAT SUPMEE; PRADIT SANGTHONG; APIRAK SONGRAK; JUTHAMAS SUPPAPAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 6 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210644

Abstract

Abstract. Supmee V, Sangthong P, Songrak A, Suppapan J. 2020. Population genetic structure of Asiatic Hard Clam (Meretrix meretrix) in Thailand based on Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I gene sequence. Biodiversitas 21: 2702-2709. The Asiatic hard clam (Meretrix meretrix) is an important commercial clam in Thailand. Last decade, this species had a dramatic decrease. Thus, to conserve this species, genetic information is essential. In our study, 135 samples of M. meretrix were collected from 7 sampling sites along the Thailand coast. The genetic structure was examined based on the variation of the nucleotide sequence in cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene. Twenty haplotypes were identified. Numerous rare haplotypes were revealed indicating the existence of a large female effective population size.  In the northern Gulf of Thailand population, the genetic diversity was low. The neutrality test and minimum spanning network showed experienced expansion events of M. meretrix in Thailand. The genetic structure showed that the M. meretrix population was separated into the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman population. This finding was possibly caused by a disruption of gene flow from the Thai-Malay Peninsula and larval behavior. Our finding suggested that the construction management program to maintain the genetic diversity of this species could be separated into 2 conservation units.
The combination of mare's milk and grape polyphenol extract for treatment of dysbiosis induced by dextran sulfate sodium Samat Kozhakhmetov; DMITRIY BABENKO; MADIYAR NURGAZIYEV; ALTYNAY TUYAKOVA; AYAULYM NURGOZHINA; NURISLAM MUHANBETGANOV; LAURA CHULENBAYEVA; SHYNGGYS SERGAZY; ALEXANDR GULYAYEV; TIMUR SALIEV; ALMAGUL KUSHUGULOVA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 5 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210558

Abstract

Abstract. Kozhakhmetov S, Babenko D, Nurgaziyev M, Tuyakova A, Nurgozhina A, Muhanbetganov N, Chulenbayeva L, Sergazy S, Gulyayev A, Saliev T, Kushugulova A. 2020. The combination of mare's milk and grape polyphenol extract for treatment of dysbiosis induced by dextran sulfate sodium. Biodiversitas 21: 2275-2280. This study showed the potential of a biological product based on mare's milk and a complex of grape polyphenols to modulate intestinal microflora after dextran sulfate sodium  (DSS)-induced dysbiosis. Rat ulcerative colitis has been developed using intra-gastric administration of 10% DSS solution. To track changes in the structure of the microbiome at all stages of the study, the next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene section and LotuS conveyor were used. The results of sequencing demonstrated a decrease in biological diversity of microbiota after the induction of colitis, and recovery after 7 days of use of the  (MMGPE). The product induced the structural changes of the microbiome damaged by DSS. Representatives of SCFA producing bacteria increased concentrations of  Prevotella, Alloprevotella, Lactobacillus, Ruminococcaceae, and Blautia.
Freshwater pond microalgae for biofuel: Strain isolation, identification, cultivation and fatty acid content Bayu Afnovandra Perdana; Abdi Dharma; Indra Junaidi Zakaria; Syafrizayanti SYAFRIZAYANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220201

Abstract

Abstract. Perdana BA, Dharma A, Zakaria IJ, Syafrizayanti. 2021. Freshwater pond microalgae for biofuel: Strain isolation, identification, cultivation, and fatty acid content. Biodiversitas 22: 505-511. Microalgae have capability to produce fatty acid for biofuel, drugs, and nutraceutical foods development. This study was carried out to obtain a new strain candidate for fatty acid production. The methods were used in this study include isolation of microalgae species from freshwater ponds of Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia. Molecular identification of microalgae was carried out with specific 18S rRNA primer, F-P73, and R-P47. Microalgae growth was measured by cell density and optical density method using various wavelengths (400, 500, and 680 nm). Total lipid was extracted using Bligh & Dyer method. Fatty acid analyses were conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Microalgae were isolated i.e Chlorella emersonii MAUA001, Mychonastes rotundus MAUA002, Scenedesmus dimorphus MAUA003, and Scenedesmus armatus MAUA004. The result exhibited M. rotundus was the highest lipid content, it was about 28.8% biomass weight. Fatty acid profiles of microalgae were dominated by monounsaturated (MUFA) and saturated fatty acid (SFA). The highest content of fatty acid species found in C. emersonii with octadecenoic acid (C18:1) was 47.74% total lipid. This work showed that C. emersonii has potential as biodiesel due to high saturated fatty acid.
Isolation, identification and antimicrobial activities of Lactic Acid Bacteria from fruits of wild plants in Tambrauw Forest, West Papua, Indonesia Achmad Dinoto; A’liyatur Rosyidah; Anggi Ria Puspitasari Susilo; Heddy Julistiono
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 7 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210764

Abstract

Abstract. Dinoto A, Rosyidah A, Susilo ARPS, Julistiono H. 2020. Isolation, identification and antimicrobial activities of Lactic Acid Bacteria from fruits of wild plants in Tambrauw Forest, West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3391-3397. Presence of culturable lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in fruits of wild plants and their antimicrobial activities has not been widely reported. The purposes of this study were to isolate LAB from the fruits of wild plants found in the Tambrauw forest area, West Papua Indonesia, and to evaluate their antimicrobial activities. Isolation of LAB from fruit was conducted using MRS medium supplemented with 1% CaCO3. Isolates of LAB were identified based on 16S rRNA gene using BLAST analysis. Antimicrobial assays were carried out by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) based on thiazolyl blue tetrazolium blue (MTT) using indicator microorganisms Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Mycobacterium smegmatis. The results showed that total of fourteen isolates of LAB with different characteristics was successfully isolated from 8 of 14 collected wild plants. Based on 16S rRNA sequences, isolates had closest relationships with Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus garvieae, Weissella confusa, Weissella oryzae, and Enterococcus faecalis with the similarity of 99%. All 16S rRNA nucleotides of these strains have been deposited in the GenBank. Assays for antimicrobial activities were demonstrated by the highest inhibition of supernatant of Lac. lactis HM 1.1 from fruit plant Donax canniformis and W. confusa H14.2 from fruit plant Capparis sp. against E. coli, S. aureus, and M. smegmatis even though the MIC values of those strains were lower than that of bacterial strain from the commercial probiotic product. This study showed that wild fruit from Tambrauw forest harbor beneficial lactic acid bacteria that could be important for health of animals and humans as well. In addition, this study provided basic information on indigenous LAB for promoting further development of medicinal antibacterial compounds.
Exploring entomopathogenic fungi from South Sumatra (Indonesia) soil and their pathogenicity against a new invasive maize pest, Spodoptera frugiperda Siti Herlinda; OCTARIATI Noni; Suwandi Suwandi; Hasbi Hasbi
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 7 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210711

Abstract

Abstract. Herlinda S, Octariati N, Suwandi S, Hasbi. 2020. Exploring entomopathogenic fungi from South Sumatra (Indonesia) soil and their pathogenicity against a new invasive maize pest, Spodoptera frugiperda. Biodiversitas 21: 2955-2965. Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a new invasive maize pest in Indonesia that can cause maize yield losses of 18 million tons/year. To overcome the pest, local-specific entomopathogenic fungi are needed. This study aimed to explore entomopathogenic fungi from soil in South Sumatra and to determine their pathogenicity against S. frugiperda larvae. The fungi exploration was carried out in the lowlands and highlands of South Sumatra and the pathogenicity of obtained isolates were tested against the third instar larvae. The entomopathogenic fungi found were Metarhizium spp. and were successfully isolated as many as 14 isolates. All of the isolates were pathogenic to S. frugiperda larvae (70.67?78.67% mortality), the most pathogenic caused 78.67% mortality and significantly suppressed the emergence of adults up to 81.2%. Unhealthy larvae had a dry, shrunken, shrinking, odorless body, and its integument was covered in mycelia and conidia like yellowish-white powdery mixed with dark green. The unhealthy pupae and adults were in the abnormal and malformation shape. The abnormal pupae were shorter in size, bent, the to-be wings got wrinkled, and darker color, while the unhealthy adults had folded wings and were unable to fly. The two most pathogenic isolates were found from the lowland (PirOI) and highland (CasPsPGA) soil of South Sumatra. In conclusion, both of these isolates had the potential to be developed into local-specific mycoinsecticides to control pest insects in the highlands and/or lowlands in Indonesia.
Nest characteristics and populations of Tapanuli Orangutans in the conflict areas, Batangtoru Landscape, North Sumatra, Indonesia Wanda Kuswanda; R. HAMDANI HARAHAP; HADI S. ALIKODRA; ROBERT SIBARANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 7 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210765

Abstract

Abstract. Kuswanda W, Harahap RH, Alikodra JS, Sibarani R. 2020. Nest characteristics and populations of Tapanuli orangutans in Batangtoru Landscape, South Tapanuli District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3398-3406. Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) has been threatened to extinction due to conflicts with humans. Information on the orangutan characteristics in conflict areas at the Batangtoru Landscape is needed. Our research aimed to analyze the characteristics of nests, nest trees, and estimation of orangutan populations in conservation forests and buffer zones to develop conflict mitigation strategies in the Batangtoru Landscape, South Tapanuli District. A line transect method was used to count orangutan nests on 49 transects, starting from June 2019 to January 2020. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, frequency tables, Spearman correlation (rho), and the equation by (van Schaick et al. 1995). Tapanuli orangutans make nests at the height of 14.01 meters (90% CI = 13.37-14.67 meters), and most use the main stem as nest support. Tree nests of 35 species (17 families) were identified, with the highest frequency in (Durio zibethinus Murray), especially in the buffer zone. Correlation between nest tree diameter, tree height, and canopy area was significant (p <0.01, n = 83). The estimated orangutan populations in conflict areas were 155 individuals (95% CI = 121-187), and the highest was found in Dolok Sibualbuali Nature Reserve buffer zones. Mitigation strategy of human-orangutan conflict that needs to be realized is the non-cash compensation guaranteeing the community does not disturb orangutans on their land. The compensation forms can be the provision of seedlings and fertilizer for plants, agricultural machinery, knowledge to land management, and orangutan ecotourism development. Nest and feed trees enrichment can be carried out in production forests bordering with conservation area.
Three-dimensional structure modeling of a protease from lactic acid bacteria Leuconostoc mesenteroides K7 using automated protein homology analysis Habibi HIdayat; Winarto Haryadi; TRI JOKO RAHARJO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 7 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210737

Abstract

Abstract. Hidayat H, Haryadi W, Raharjo TJ. 2020. Three-dimensional structure modeling of a protease from lactic acid bacteria Leuconostoc mesenteroides K7 using automated protein homology analysis. Biodiversitas 21: 3156-3162. This study aimed to characterize the protease encoding gene of Leuconostoc mesenteroides K7 isolated from Kelengkeng (Dimocarpus longan) fruit as well as to predict the structure of the protein using in silico approach. Gene characterization was performed using PCR employs primers designed based on protease gene of other Leuconostoc species, followed by cloning and sequencing of the PCR product. Protein structural modeling was targeted to the deduced amino acid sequence of the gene employ multiple sequence alignment and SWISS-Model online software.  As a result, the sequence of the PCR product contains an open reading frame with a size of 1,140 bp, which can be translated into 379 amino acids. The amino acid sequence shares 98.60% identity with protease from Leuconostoc suionicum (AP017935.1). Three conserved sequences of QTDA, INPGNSGGPL, and FAIP are known as the signature from the Serine endoprotease DegS family are detected.  The three-dimensional modeling structure application shows that the protein share similarity of 37.62% to Protease Do-like I chloroplastic that belong to serine protease.
Morphological diversity of phytolith structures in six species of Carex L. and Cyperus L. (Cyperaceae Juss.) from West Bengal, India SUBRATA MAJUMDER; TANMOY MALLICK; Asok Ghosh
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 8 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210808

Abstract

Abstract. Majumder S, Mallick T, Ghosh A. 2020. Morphological diversity of phytolith structures in six species of Carex L. and Cyperus L. (Cyperaceae Juss.) from West Bengal, India. Biodiversitas 21: 3471-3486. Cyperaceae is a taxonomically challenging group due to its cosmopolitan distribution, similar vegetative structure, and reduced reproductive morphology. The present study focused on the characterization and description of phytolith morphotypes based on shape, structure, and ornamentation. Six species of Carex L. and Cyperus L. (three species each) were considered for the present study. From the investigation, we found 56 phytolith morphotypes, among which the principle ones were conical, elongate bulbous margin, lanceolate psilate, tabular concave with verrucate, tabular concave columellate, ovate granulate, and orbicular concave. The conical morphotype was most commonly found. The elongate bulbous margin, lanceolate psilate, and tabular concave with verrucate phytolith morphotypes were specific to the genus Carex, while the tabular concave columellate, ovate granulate and orbicular concave were only found in Cyperus spp. Further, the detailed study of conical morphotypes revealed a distinctive character among the studied genera. Our study concludes that conical, elongate bulbous margin, lanceolate psilate, tabular concave with verrucate, tabular concave columellate, ovate granulate, and orbicular concave morphotypes are constant at the genus level and may play a role in taxonomic identification in the family Cyperaceae.

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