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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,259 Documents
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Nest density as determinants for habitat utilizations of Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) in degraded forests of Gunung Palung National Park, West Kalimantan DIDIK PRASETYO; JITO SUGARDJITO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 12 No. 3 (2011)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d120306

Abstract

Prasetyo D, Sugardjito J (2011) Nest density as determinants for habitat utilizations of Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) in degraded forests of Gunung Palung National Park, West Kalimantan. Biodiversitas 12: 164-170. Conversion of forests into nonforests areas particularly for the development of timber industry and oil palm plantation in Ketapang district, West Kalimantan province was drastically increased recently. We have conducted an assessment for the density of Bornean orangutans Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii L. in degraded forests of the boundary of Gunung Palung National Park, West Kalimantan in 2004 and 2005. We used line-transects nest-count to survey 39,6 km length at 13 sites including 7 in side the park and the other 6 situated out side the park which holds a difference status of forest management. The differences of nest density between degraded forests habitat was calculated. The olddegraded forest which has been logged for 5 years or more, were containing more new nests in a cluster compared to the recently as well as currently logged. The highest number of orangutan’s nests could be found in the old degraded forest in side the park, whereas the lowest one was obtained in the currently logged protection forest with the density of 3.70 ind/km2 and 0.06 ind/km2 respectively. We compare these results with the survey undertaken previously in the area when the logging and forest conversion activities have just begun in the region in 2001.
Morphological divergences among three sympatric populations of Silver Sharkminnow (Cyprinidae: Osteochilus hasseltii C.V.) in West Sumatra DEWI IMELDA ROESMA; PUTRA SANTOSO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 12 No. 3 (2011)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d120304

Abstract

Roesma DI, Santoso P. 2011. Morphological divergences among three sympatric populations of Silver Sharkminnow (Cyprinidae: Osteochilus hasseltii C.V.) in West Sumatra. Biodiversitas 12: 141-145. Silver sharkminnow (Osteochilus hasseltii C.V.) named by local people as Asang is one of potential Cyprinid fishes species found in several different ecosystems in West Sumatra. The differences of habitat types and another ecological factor among populations may have significant influences on variation and differentiation of morphological characters of this species. In order to elucidate the pattern of morphological divergence, meristic and morphometric characters of O. hasseltii in Singkarak and Dibawah Lake and adjoining river were compared. Phenogram based on cluster analysis showed specific morphological divergence among populations. There were 23 characters significantly different among all comparedpopulations, the highest degree of differentiation was found between Singkarak and Dibawah Lake population (22 characterssignificantly different) and the most similar population were Singkarak Lake and Ombilin an outlet river of lake (only six characters significantly different).
Conservation of maleo bird (Macrocephalon maleo) through egg hatching modification and ex situ management YOHAN RUSIYANTONO; MOBIUS TANARI; MUHAMAD ILYAS MUMU
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 12 No. 3 (2011)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d120307

Abstract

Rusiyantono Y, Tanari M, Mumu MI (2011) Conservation of maleo bird (Macrocephalon maleo) through egg hatching modification and ex situ management. Biodiversitas 12: 171-176. Over exploitation of maleo bird eggs has become the main problem. In addition, habitat demolition and fragmentation have also caused decrease in maleo bird population. This research aimed to know the effectiveness ofhatching pattern to produce maleo breeding, studying breeding pattern of maleo bird through hatching approaches of feed quality and temperature adjustment, and studying maleo bird respond towards caring pattern adjustment by measuring plasticity value. There were two phases in this research. The first phase was hatching by using modified incubator. The other one was the caring of the breeding from the result of hatching through feed pattern management using protein and energy balancing. The results of the research indicated that thehatching success was 65%; however, life endurance of the birds from birth to one month of age was only 40%. Their growth showed sufficiently high increase after passing critical period in their body-weight based on feeding pattern containing 21% of protein that was 64.93 g and 62.59 g for maleo in Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP) and Bangkiriang Wildlife Reserve (BWR), respectively. Their monthly body-weight increase was 33.06 g in average of feeding pattern containing 13% of protein for LLNP maleo birds and 36.99 g for the maleo in BWR. It was found that feeding pattern containing higher content of protein (21%) promoted significant increase in the body-weight of maleo birds. Feeding such birds with high protein content feed along with sufficient energy triggered their growth speed. Based on the findings, it was concluded that maleo birds could be preserved by way of hatching, while the birds could be fed with feedcontaining high protein and energy in order to accelerate their growth after hatching.
Carbon baseline as limiting factor in managing environmental sound activities in peatland for reducing greenhouse gas emission BAMBANG HERO SAHARJO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 12 No. 3 (2011)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d120309

Abstract

Saharjo BH (2011) Carbon baseline as limiting factor in managing environmental sound activities in peatland for reducing greenhouse gas emission. Biodiversitas 12: 182-186. The total carbon stock in Indonesia was estimated to be around 44.5 Gt or about 53.1% of the total carbon stock in tropical areas. Over 1990-2002, it was estimated that around 3.5 Gt of carbon was released in Sumatra and about 0.81-2.56 Gt was released in Central Kalimantan due to the 1997 fire alone. It was recognized that deforestation, high exploitation of peat and peat fire were behind the huge emissions of Greenhouse Gases in Indonesia. Results of a research conducted in Central Kalimantan peatland, showed that the total carbon stock at logged over area was estimated around 413.972 t ha-1 (0-30 cm depth of peat) and at burnt area was 411.349 t ha-1 (0-30 cm depth of peat). Meanwhile it had been well recognized that most of opened peatlands had been occupied by Acacia crassicarpa and oil palms. Research carried out in East Kalimantan showed that the carbon stock of 25 yearsold oil palm planted on mineral soil was about 180 t ha-1, which is less than that of carbon stock produced by peatland clearance. This indicated that although plants occupied peatland, high Greenhouse Gas emissions were still produced, meaning that global climate change would continue and created high risk impacts.
Polymorphic sequence in the ND3 region of Java endemic Ploceidae birds mitochondrial DNA R. SUSANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 12 No. 2 (2011)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d120203

Abstract

Susanti R (2011) Polymorphic sequence in the ND3 region of Java endemic Ploceidae birds mitochondrial DNA. Biodiversitas 12: 70- 75. As part of biodiversity, Ploceidae bird family must be kept away from extinction and degradation of gene-diversity. This research was aimed to analyze ND3 gene from mitochondrial DNA of Java Island endemic of Ploceidae bird. Each species of Ploceidae birds family was identified based on their morphological character, then the blood sample was taken from the birds nail vein. DNA was isolated from blood using Dixit method. Fragment of ND3 gene was amplified using PCR method with specific primer pairs and sequenced using dideoxy termination method with ABI automatic sequencer. Multiple alignment of ND3 nucleotide sequences were analyzed using ClustalW of MEGA-3.1 program. Estimation of genetic distance and phylogenetic tree construction were analyzed with Neighbor-Joining method and calculation of distance matrix with Kimura 2 –parameter. The result of Java Island endemic of Ploceidaebird family exploration showed that Erythrura hyperythra and Lonchura ferruginosa can not be found anymore in nature, but the Lonchura malacca that are not actually Java island endemic was also found. Nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial ND3 gene of Ploceidae bird family showed a quite high polymorphism, with 122 substitutions from 334 nucleotides analyzed. Phylogenetic tree of nucleotide sequence of Ploceidae bird family formed 2 clusters. One cluster consisted of the Ploceus hypoxanthus, Ploceus philippinus, Ploceus manyar and Passer montanus, and the others species were included in the second cluster. ND3 gene sequence data from this Ploceidae family need to be analyzed further to see possible relationship with a particular phenotype.
Coral diversity indices along the Gulf of Aqaba and Ras Mohammed, Red Sea, Egypt MOHAMMED SHOKRY AHMED AMMAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 12 No. 2 (2011)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d120206

Abstract

Ammar MSA (2011) Coral diversity indices along the Gulf of Aqaba and Ras Mohammed, Red Sea, Egypt. Biodiversitas 12: 92-98. Eight sites extending from Ras Mohammed to the northern tip of the Gulf of Aqaba were surveyed for seven different indices of diversity. These sites are: Ras Ghozlani, Marsa Breika, Temple, Katy, Islands, Canyon, South Nuweiba and Marsa Muqabela. The study proved that the healthy condition can be expressed either by a high value of Shannon index or low value of these other indices. Canyon, having effective management, is considered as the healthiest site (based on Shannon species diversity H`) while South Nuweiba is the least healthiest of all sites because of the illegal destructive fishery overexploitation. Sites having old damage with improved values of richness indices and low values of dominance indices (healthy conditions) like Ras Ghozlani and Marsa Breika had enough time and effective management to improve their diversity, while sites with non improved diversity like Temple and Katy are characterized by sponge and ascidian domination representing potent competitors with corals beside the increased nutrients in those sites. Islands and Marsa Muqabela have low values of richness indices because Marsa Muqabela has the highest value of boring worms and considerable sediments.
Hymenopteran parasitoids associated with the banana-skipper Erionota thrax L. (Insecta: Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae) in Java, Indonesia ERNIWATI ERNIWATI; ROSICHON UBAIDILLAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 12 No. 2 (2011)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d120204

Abstract

Erniwati, Ubaidillah R (2011) Hymenopteran parasitoids associated with the banana-skipper Erionota thrax L. (Insecta: Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae) in Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 12: 76-85. Hymenopteran parasitoids of banana-skipper Erionota thrax L. (Insecta: Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae) from Java, Indonesia are reviewed and an illustrated key to 12 species is presented to include Theronia zebra zebra, Xanthopimpla gamsura, Casinaria sp., Charops sp., Cotesia (Apanteles) erionotae, Brachymeria lasus, B. thracis, Ooencyrtus pallidipes, Anastatus sp., Pediobius erionotae, Agiommatus sumatraensis and Sympiesis sp. The surveys of the natural enemies of the banana-skipper were conducted in 1990-2006 in several localities in Java. The aim of this study was to assess the native natural enemies of E. thrax, especially the parasitic Hymenoptera. Infested eggs, larvae and pupae of E. thrax were collected and reared in the laboratory. Emerging parasitoids were preserved in both dry mounting and in 80% alcohol for the species identification. Members of families Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Encyrtidae, Pteromalidae, Chalcididae, Eupelmidae and Eulophidae were recorded as parasitoidsof the banana skipper E. thrax from Java, Indonesia. Species distribution and alternative hosts of the parasitoids are presented.
Plant community establishment on the volcanic deposits following the 2006 nuées ardentes (pyroclastic flows) of Mount Merapi: Diversity and floristic variation SUTOMO SUTOMO; RICHARD HOBBS; VIKI CRAMER
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 12 No. 2 (2011)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d120205

Abstract

Sutomo, Hobbs R, Cramer V (2011) Plant community establishment on the volcanic deposits following the 2006 nuées ardentes (pyroclastic flows) of Mount Merapi: diversity and floristic variation. Biodiversitas 12: 86-91. Species establishment and composition changes in a substrate with little or no biological legacy is known as primary succession, and volcanoes, erosion, landslides, floodplains and glaciers are some type of disturbances that can create this kind of environment. Mount Merapi with its Merapi-type nuées ardentesor pyroclastic flows provides excellent opportunities to study primary succession. Using chronosequence approach, plant establishment and succession was studied, and thus five areas that were affected by nuées ardentes deposits between 1994 and 2006 were chosen as study sites. Results showed that there was a rapid colonization by vascular plants in primary succession as the sites aged. Imperata cylindrica, Eupatorium riparium, Anaphalis javanica, Athyrium macrocarpum, Brachiaria paspaloides, Dichantium caricosum, Selaginella doederleinii, Eleusine indica, Cyperus flavidus, Calliandra callothyrsus and Acacia decurrens were the species mainly responsible in explaining the differences between sites. Furthermore, the species richness and diversity reach their peak 14 years afterdisturbance.
Genetic variability in apomictic mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) and its close relatives (Garcinia spp.) based on ISSR markers SOBIR SOBIR; ROEDHY POERWANTO; EDY SANTOSA; SOALOON SINAGA; ELINA MANSYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 12 No. 2 (2011)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d120201

Abstract

Sobir, Poerwanto R, Santosa E, Sinaga S, Mansyah E (2011) Genetic variability in apomictic mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) and its close relatives (Garcinia spp.) based on ISSR markers. Biodiversitas 12: 59-63. In order to reveal phylogenetic relationship of mangosteen and several close relatives (Garcinia spp.), we employed seven ISSR dinucleotide primer systems on eleven close relatives of mangosteen and 28 mangosteen accessions from four islands in Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan and Lombok). ISSR analysissuccessfully amplified 43 bands on average 6.1 fragments for each primer system, and these all fragments were polymorphic. Seven close relatives of mangosteen were separated with mangosteen accessions at 0.22 level of dissimilarity, while other four including G. malaccensis, were clustered with mangosteen accessions, this results supported proposal that G. malaccensis was allopolyploid derivative of mangosteen. Clustering pattern among mangosteen accessions, however, not represented their origin, indicated that distribution of the accessions was not linked to their genetic properties.
Genetic variation of Melia azedarach in community forests of West Java assessed by RAPD YULIANTI YULIANTI; ISKANDAR ZULKARNAEN SIREGAR; NURHENI WIJAYANTO; IGK TAPA DARMA; DIDA SYAMSUWIDA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 12 No. 2 (2011)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d120202

Abstract

Yulianti, Siregar IZ, Wijayanto N, Tapa Darma IGK, Syamsuwida D (2011) Genetic variation of Melia azedarach in community forests of West Java assessed by RAPD. Biodiversitas 12: 64-69. Melia azedarach L. or mindi (local name) is one of the widely planted exotic species in Indonesia, mostly found in community forests in West Java. However, improving and increasing the productivity of mindi commmunity plantation in West Java requires information on patterns of existing genetic diversity. The present work was aimed at estimating the genetic variation of mindi by using RAPD markers. Outcome of the activities was to propose appropriate conservationand management strategies of genetic resources in order to support the establishment of seed sources. Six populations of mindi plantation in the community forests were chosen for this research, i.e Sukaraja (Bogor-1), Megamendung (Bogor-2), Bandung, Purwakarta, Sumedang and Kuningan. Five primers (OPA-07, OPY-13, OPY-16, OPA-09 and OPO-05) producing reproducible bands were analysed for 120 selected mother trees in total, in which 20 trees per locality were sampled. Data were analysed using Popgene ver 1.31, NTSYS 2.02 and GenAlEx 6.3. Based on the analysis, the observed number of alleles per locus ranging from 1.43 to 1.60, and percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) ranging from 43.33 to 60.00.%. The levels of genetic variation were considered as moderate for all populations (He range from 0.1603 to 0.1956) and the the mean level of genetic diversity between population (Gst) was 0.3005. Cluster analysis and Principal Coordinates showed three main groups, the first group consists of 4 populations i.e Bandung, Kuningan,Purwakarta and Megamendung, the second was Sukaraja and the third was Sumedang. Based on Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA), the Percentages of Molecular Variance within population (69%) is higher than that of between populations (31%). The moderate level of genetic variation in the community plantation forests, might be due to small population size, leading to reduce genetic variability. Further analysis is required to confirm this findings using other genetic marker.

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