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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
 271   272   273   274   275 
The potential of endophytic bacteria from the root of Eucalyptus pellita as a biocontrol agent against Ralstonia solanacearum Yuliana susanti; GIYANTO GIYANTO; MEITY SURADJI SINAGA; KIKIN HAMZAH MUTAQIN; BUDI TJAHJONO2
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 6 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220654

Abstract

Abstract. Susanti Y, Giyanto, Sinaga MS, Mutaqin KH, Tjahjono B. 2021. The potential of endophytic bacteria from the root of Eucalyptus pellita as a biocontrol agent against Ralstonia solanacearum. Biodiversitas 22: 3454-3462. Bacterial wilt disease (BWD) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most damaging eucalyptus (Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell.) diseases. However, endophytic bacteria can be utilized to control it. This study aims to obtain and screen endophytic bacteria isolated from the root of eucalyptus as a biocontrol agent against BWD. A pathogenic R. solanacearum was isolated for artificial inoculation; subsequently, isolation, characterization and screening of the potential endophytic bacteria were conducted. Isolates of R. solanacearum demonstrated the pathogenicity for BWD in eucalyptus, with the highest virulence found in Rs 18. In total, 24 isolates of endophytic bacteria were obtained and screened for their biocontrol potential. The endophytic bacteria conveyed the capacity of antibiosis, indole acetic acid (IAA) hormone, nitrogen fixation, phosphate dissolution, protease enzyme and AHL-lactonase, which are the main indicators of bioagent characteristics in endophytic bacteria, as well as being plant growth stimulators. Four isolates were selected with the highest according to the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), identified on the 16S rRNA gene. Most isolates belonged to gram-negative bacteria. The four isolates, namely B33/77 (Serratia nematodiphila), B32/77 (Paenibacillus polymyxa), B13/497 (Brevundimonas olei) and B17/111 (Bacillus megaterium), indicated their potential for biocontrol as plant growth promoters. This study is the first report on the isolation of endophytic bacterial from eucalyptus roots with regard to its benefit as a plant growth promoter. It provides basic information about the characteristics of the endophytic bacteria, which showed potential as a biocontrol agent of R. solanacearum on eucalyptus.
The diversity and abundance of phytoplankton and benthic diatoms in varying environmental conditions in Kok River, Chiang Rai, Thailand as bio-indicators of water quality TIPPAWAN PRASERTSIN; KRITTAWIT SUK-UENG; KITTIYA PHINYO; EKKACHAI YANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 4 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220431

Abstract

Abstract. Prasertsin T, Suk-ueng K, Phinyo K, Yana E. 2021. The diversity and abundance of phytoplankton and benthic diatoms in varying environmental conditions in Kok River, Chiang Rai, Thailand as bio-indicators of water quality. Biodiversitas 22: 1853-1862. The study of living organisms was important information for bio-indicators which was utilized to assess the quality of the environment. In the river ecosystem, the algae with which one organism was interesting accordingly considered the relationship of 2 groups algae, including phytoplankton and benthic diatoms and the physical-chemical parameters of Kok River Chiang Rai, Thailand.  Phytoplankton and benthic diatoms were collected from five sampling sites along the Kok River during January (cool dry), March (summer), and June (rainy season) 2018, and assessed as bio-indicators to monitor environmental factors that represent water quality across varying conditions and periods. Fifty-seven species of phytoplankton and thirty-nine species of benthic diatoms were found. The phytoplankton mainly belonged to the phylum Bacillariophyta (diatom group). Physical and chemical factors affecting the dominant phytoplankton and benthic diatom species were subjected to canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Results showed that planktonic and benthic Gomphonema lagenula positively correlated with ammonium nitrogen, recording highest abundance during the rainy season. Abundance of Achnanthidium straubianum, a planktonic and benthic diatom, and Navicula cincta negatively correlated with river velocity and water conductivity, with lowest numbers during the rainy season. Water trophic status evaluated from the main parameters of the AARL-PC score indicated that during the cool dry and summer seasons all sampling sites were classified as mesotrophic, while during the rainy season they were classified as meso-eutrophic. The combination of phytoplankton and benthic diatom can be used as bio-indicators of water quality in the Kok River and other freshwater ecosystems.
Short Communication: Infanticide of Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus) in captivity Pangda Sopha Sushadi; Wirdateti WIRDATETI; Ni Luh Putu Rischa Phadmacanty; Mohamad Wahyudin
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 4 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220403

Abstract

Abstract. Sushadi DS, Phadmacanty NLPR, Wahyudin M, Wirdateti 2021. Short Communication: Infanticide of Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus) in captivity. Biodiversitas 22: 1606-1611. Over the past decade, the population of Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus) in the wild has continued to decline. Various conservation efforts by the government and NGOs have been carried out, but still have not yielded significant results. Many studies have highlighted the impact of poaching and forestland conversion as a cause, but the natural behavior of N. javanicus, especially infant care interactions, is poorly studied. We investigated the case of a 5-day-old Javan slow loris baby named Monda, found dead in captivity. Monda was born in captivity and impounded with its mother and an adult male. She was found dead decapitated with a sign of injury on the right arm. Microscopic fecal examination of the other lorises showed hair and bone fragments in the male feces. Based on this finding, it is possible that infanticide also occurs in slow lorises in its natural habitat but may have been underreported.
Molecular identification of five species of family Chaetomiaceae (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) from Iraqi soil Mustafa Al-Dossary; SHAYMAA S. RAHEEM; MAYSOON K. ALMYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220325

Abstract

Abstract. Al-Dossary MA, Raheem SS, Almyah MK. 2021. Molecular identification of five species of family Chaetomiaceae (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) from Iraqi soil. Biodiversitas 22: 1277-1284. Five ascomycetes fungi within the family Chaetomiaceae (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) were isolated from Iraqi agricultural soil and identified by phenotypic characteristics and molecular analysis. Chaetomium ascotrichoides and C. subaffine are reported for the first time from the Iraqi mycobiota. Amesia atrobrunnea, Collariella bostrychodes and Ovatospora brasiliensis were previously reported from Iraq as Chaetomium atrobrunneum, C. bostrychodes, and C. brasiliense respectively. All reported species were provided with brief characterizations and photographs
Natural dye plants used by Dayak Iban in Sungai Utik, Kapuas Hulu, West Kalimantan, Indonesia Wahdina WAHDINA; Dede Setiadi; Yohanes Purwanto; Ibnul Qayim
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220342

Abstract

Abstract. Wahdina, Setiadi D, Purwanto Y, Qayim I. 2021. Natural dye plants used by Dayak Iban in Sungai Utik, Kapuas Hulu, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1397-1404.  Natural dye plants used by indigenous people in Indonesia are considered an important and unique gene pool, especially in Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo), known to have high biodiversity and endemicity. Dayak Iban people in Sungai Utik, Kapuas Hulu District, West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia  are considered a culturally important group, recognized by their customary forest and harmonious living with nature. One of the traditional knowledge practiced by this group is the use of dye plants for along time to make traditional woven fabric and various plaiting handicrafts. This study aims to investigate the types of natural dye plants used by the Dayak Iban people in Sungai Utik, and how the local people use them traditionally. Information about the dye plants used and their utilization process was obtained through in-depth interview methods. We also identified the color produced by the dye plants. There were 15 plant species used as dye plants in Sungai Utik Village. The dye plants are used for plaiting and yarn dyeing as traditional woven material with white, red, and black colors are the only colors used. The most important dye plants are engkerebai kayoh (Psychotria malayana) for red dye color and rengat kikat (Clerodendrum laevifolium) for black dye color. The coloring process includes the yarn oiling, tying, measuring, dyeing, and drying, followed by weaving process. The people in Sungai Utik obtain the dye plants in their customary forest as they keep their forests as a highly valuable treasure.
The genus Dolichandrone (Fenzl.) Seem. (Bignoniaceae) in Thailand Weereesa Boonthasak; CHATCHAI NGERNSAENGSARUAY
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220306

Abstract

Abstract. Boonthasak W, Ngernsaengsaruay C. 2021. The genus Dolichandrone (Fenzl.) Seem. (Bignoniaceae) in Thailand. Biodiversitas 22: 1120-1128. Morphological, anatomical, and palynological studies of the genus Dolichandrone (Bignoniaceae) Thailand were conducted. Three species, D. columnaris Santisuk, D. serrulata (Wall. ex DC.) Seem., and D. spathacea (L. f.) Seem. were investigated. Morphological descriptions, distributions and ecological information are provided. A key to the species based on morphological characters are leaflet margins, length of lower cylindric tube and upper campanulate tube of corolla, width of upper campanulate tube of corolla, winged seed, shape and characters of fruits, width of septum, characters and width of pseudoseptum. D. columnaris occurs in low-lying rice fields and marshlands only in the peninsular region. D. serrulata occurs in mixed deciduous forest and low-lying rice fields in the eastern, central and peninsular regions. D. spathacea occurs in edges of mangrove forest in the central, south-eastern and peninsular regions. A key to the species based on anatomical characters includes leaf type, number of rows of palisade cells, arrangement of axial parenchyma, and height of ray parenchyma. All pollen grains are similar and do not provide characters for identification within the genus Dolichandrone.
Evaluation of the ambrosia beetles traps on Pterocarpus indicus in Indonesia HAGUS TARNO; Yogo Setiawan; BAMBANG TRI RAHARDJO; JIANGUO WANG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220333

Abstract

Abstract. Tarno H, Setiawan Y, Rahardjo BT, Wang J. 2021. Evaluation of the  ambrosia beetles traps on Pterocarpus indicus in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1332-1339. Angsana, Pterocarpus indicus Willd., is a native tree of Southeast Asia. This tree is commonly planted in large numbers as an ornamental or shade plant along the roads, in parks, and in residential areas in Malang and Batu Cities of Indonesia. Ambrosia beetles Euplatypus parallelus (F.) and Treptoplatypus micrurus (Schedl.) have been reported to attack P. indicus trees in Malang and Batu Cities. Therefore, effective traps are required for early detection and monitoring of the spread of ambrosia beetles. This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different traps and to investigate the diversity of ambrosia beetles on P. indicus trees in Malang and Batu Cities. This research was conducted along the roads in Malang and Batu Cities using four types of traps: funnel trap, window flight trap, bottle trap, and yellow sticky trap. Eleven ambrosia beetle species were collected in this research. The most abundant species were E. parallelus and Cryphalus laticollis (Browne). The funnel trap was the most effective for capturing ambrosia beetles, whereas the bottle trap was the least effective trap. The funnel trap captured more E. parallelus and C. laticollis individuals than other traps. The ambrosia beetles captured using different traps were categorized as having low diversity. The ambrosia beetles collected from Malang and Batu Cities were categorized as having moderate diversity.
Characterization of Sardinella fimbriata and Clarias gariepinus bones Wan Norasiah Tun Mohd Rosidi; Nurainni Mohd Arshad; Nor Fazliyana Mohtar
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 4 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220405

Abstract

Abstract. Rosidi WNATM, Arshad NM, Mohtar NF. 2021. Characterization of Sardinella fimbriata and Clarias gariepinus bones. Biodiversitas 22: 1621-1626. Calcium is one of the most important minerals required by the human body, which can be directly consumed from milk or any dietary supplement. This study was carried out to determine the calcium content in Fringescale sardinella (Sardinella fimbriata) and catfish (Clarias gariepinus) bones and compare their suitability for human consumption. Fish bones were cleaned, boiled, dried, and ground into powder. Bones from both species were white in color and odorless after drying. The protein content of S. fimbriata was measured to be 20.40 ± 1.61%, while for C. gariepinus it was 19.47 ± 0.61%. Ash content of S. fimbriata and C. gariepinus bones was 62.32 ± 0.08% and 67.9 ± 0.25%, respectively. S. fimbriata bone exhibited 16.4 ± 0.15% moisture, higher than C. gariepinus (7.71 ± 0.14%). The lipid content of S. fimbriata was 0.77 ± 0.17% and for C. gariepinus it was 3.56 ± 0.9%. The solubility of S. fimbriata bone was 23.67 ± 2.65%, higher than that of in C. gariepinus bone (9.02 ± 2.19%). The calcium content found in S. fimbriata and C. gariepinus bones were 4.96 ± 0.13 µg/g and 4.79 ± 0.06 µg/g, respectively. S. fimbriata bone exhibited higher solubility than that of C. gariepinus and was more suitable for human consumption. Overall findings have suggested the calcium from fish bones that may replace commercial calcium in the market, thus meeting the requirements of food safety standards.
First report of characterisation and pathogenicity of bullet wood (Mimusops elengi) sudden decline disease by Ceratocystis in Indonesia R. PRATAMA; A. Muslim; S. Suwandi; N. Damiri; S. Soleha
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 5 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220522

Abstract

Ceratocystis manginecans causes wilt and death of plants in several important crops and native vegetation in Indonesia. Ceratocystis wilt was recently found to be causing substantial mortality in bullet wood (Mimusops elengi) in South Sumatra. The aim of this study was to describe the symptomatology of the new disease and characterise isolates of C. manginecans obtained from bullet wood plants. Affected plants showed substantial discoloration of the woody xylem and wilt-type symptoms of the foliage, with the eventual death of the whole plant. Isolations from infected trees yielded a fungus that was similar morphologically to C. manginecans, with typical hat-shaped ascospores and light-coloured perithecial bases. Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and ?-tubulin of isolates confirmed their identification, grouping them with C. manginecans and separating them from all other Ceratocystis species. This is the first report of C. manginecans in Indonesia causing wilt and death on bullet wood. C. manginecans is an important pathogen, and strategies to reduce losses need to be established in Indonesia because the aggressiveness of C. manginecans to bullet wood has been shown in inoculation experiments
Bioactive compounds of ethanol extract from agarwood leaves (Aquilaria malaccensis) and antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi growing on the skin Ridwanti Batubara; BASUKI WIRJOSENTONO; AMIR HAMZAH SIREGAR; URIP HARAHAP; TAMRIN TAMRIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 5 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220553

Abstract

Abstract. Batubara R, Wirjosentono B, Siregar AH, Harahap U, Tamrin. 2021. Bioactive compounds of ethanol extract from agarwood leaves (Aquilaria malaccensis) and antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi growing on the skin. Biodiversitas 22: 2884-2890. Agarwood plants (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.) provide numerous benefits and have been cultivated by the people. The leaves containing various compounds, such as flavonoids, glycosides, triterpenoids and tannins with antibacterial and antifungal activities, were reported to be potential for flesh wound healing. Therefore, research on these activities against microorganisms that cause infection in wounds was carried out in vitro. This research aims to determine the antibacterial and antifungal activities of agarwood leaves ethanol extract against three bacteria species (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Propionibacterium acnes) and two fungi species (Candida albicans and Trichophyton sp.) that commonly cause skin infection. The results of this research show that the concentration of ethanol extract of agarwood leaves affected the bacterial and fungal growth inhibition zone’s diameter. The best inhibitory potential occurred at 5% concentration in activity against bacteria and fungi. The extract’s active compounds contributing to the antimicrobial activity were the flavonoids and tannins. Furthermore, GC-MS identification shows that the ethanol extract from agarwood leaves contained Disulfide, dioctyl; 6,7-Dimethylquinoxaline; (E)-1,3-Di-m-tolylallyl ethyl Carbonate; 5-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one; 9-[(tert-Butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]benzo[3,4]cyclod ec-3-ene-1,5-diyne; Neophytadiene, 2-Hexadecen-1-ol, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-, [R-[R*,R*-(E)]]-; Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester and a-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-aphenoxy-a-phenyl acetonitrile

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