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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
 273   274   275   276   277 
Short Communication: A comparison of stand structure, species diversity and aboveground biomass between natural and planted mangroves in Sikka, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia Jeriels Matatula; Ahmad Yusuf Afandi; Pandu Wirabuana
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220303

Abstract

Abstract. Matatula J, Afandi AY, Wirabuana PYAP. 2021. Short Communication: A comparison of stand structure, species diversity and aboveground biomass between natural and planted mangroves in Sikka, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1098-1103.  The effectiveness of mangroves reforestation can be evaluated by comparing the stand dynamics of planted mangroves with natural mangroves in similar site conditions. This study investigated stand structure, species diversity and aboveground biomass between natural and planted mangroves in Sikka, East Nusa Tenggara. A field survey was conducted using quadrat transect method for vegetation measurement, especially related to species composition and its size distribution. Several parameters were recorded in field observation, including number of species, diameter, height, volume, and aboveground biomass. The stand structure of both mangroves was demonstrated by the distribution of diameter class while the species diversity was described using three parameters, i.e., richness, heterogeneity, and evenness. Moreover, the IVI of each species recorded was also calculated to understand the contribution of species in the mangrove ecosystems. The comparison of stand characteristics between natural and planted mangroves was examined by Mann-Whitney test and Spearman Correlation was also applied to understand the relationship between IVI and aboveground biomass. The results showed that the diameter and height between the natural and planted mangroves significantly differed (P<0.05). In contrast, there was no significant difference in tree density, volume, and aboveground biomass (P<0.05). The stand structure of both mangrove stands followed the pattern of J-inverse in which the frequency of trees decreased with the increase in diameter class. Species diversity in both stands was statistically equal in richness, heterogeneity, and evenness (P>0.05) even though there were some specific species which only observed in the natural or planted mangroves. The most superior species in the planted mangroves was Rhizophora mucronata (IVI = 96.99) while the most important plant in the natural mangroves was Sonneratia alba (IVI = 82.49). Our study found there was a significant correlation between IVI and aboveground biomass in which species with higher IVI indicated greater aboveground biomass. Based on these findings, restoration efforts of degraded mangroves in Sikka have been effective. The restoration, which has been conducted for almost three decades, has not only brought back its vegetation cover but also the functional traits of the mangrove stand to mimic with natural mangroves in the area.
Short Communication: Leaf architectural analysis of confusing Syzygium species: Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.) Alston and Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M.Perry (Myrtaceae) Jose Dale III Viacrucis; Inocencio Jr. Buot
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 6 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220640

Abstract

Abstract. Viacrucis III JDL, Buot Jr. IE. 2021. Short Communication: Leaf architectural analysis of confusing Syzygium species: Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.) Alston and Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M.Perry (Myrtaceae). Biodiversitas 22: 3341-3348. Among species of Myrtaceae family which has economic and ecological importance are the two Syzygium species, Syzygium aqueum and Syzygium samarangense. Both species are cultivated throughout the tropics because of their edible fruits and medicinal properties of various plant parts. However, despite their wide utilization, the two species are often confusing due to their morphological similarity. In this study, leaf architecture of S. aqueum and S. samarangense have been evaluated to delineate the two confusing taxa. Selected laminal and venation characters were compared. Results showed many similar characters shared between the two species, however, laminar size, apex and base shape, areolation, and freely ending veinlets (FEVs) were found to be distinct. Multivariate analyses, cluster analysis employing Gower similarity index, using unweighted pair-group average (UPGMA) and single linkage (nearest neighbor) algorithm, and ordination using Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA), illustrated that they are grouped separately. The variations in laminal and venation characters are additional set of information that will allow accurate differentiation of the two species. However, it is recommended that additional taxonomical analysis using various methods, such as molecular techniques, be employed and characters, such as floral morphology, be studied to contribute in the resolution of the taxonomic complexity of this group and other taxonomic controversies
Potential of fungi isolated from a mangrove ecosystem in Northern Sulawesi, Indonesia: Protease, cellulase and anti-microbial capabilities AGUS TRIANTO; OCKY KARNA RADJASA; SUBAGIYO SUBAGIYO; HARTUTI PURNAWENI; MUHAMMAD SYAIFUDIEN BAHRY; RIGNOLDA DJAMALUDIN; AIYEN TJOA; IAN SINGLETON; KAREN DIELE; DARREN EVAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 4 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220415

Abstract

Abstract. Trianto A, Radjasa OK, Subagiyo, Purnaweni H, Bahry MS, Djamaludin R, Tjoa A, Singleton I, Diele K, Evan D. 2021. Potential of fungi isolated from a mangrove ecosystem in Northern Sulawesi, Indonesia: Protease, cellulase and anti-microbial capabilities. Biodiversitas 22: 1717- 1724. The high and relatively unexplored diversity of fungi present in the mangrove ecosystem represents a source of novel biotechnological importance. This study explored the potential of fungi isolated from the mangrove ecosystems to produce proteases and cellulases (commercially important enzymes) and their ability to inhibit pathogenic Vibrio species. Random samples of root, branch, leaf, sediments and litters were collected from 5 different mangrove sites in Manado, North Sulawesi, as a source of fungal isolates. The fungi were isolated on malt extract agar (MEA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA). The isolates were identified mainly based on the molecular methods (18S gene sequence) and examined for their ability to produce proteases, cellulases, and activity against several Vibrio species. Altogether 288 species of fungi were isolated from all samples. The fungi, isolated from leaves showed the highest diversity. A fungal isolate 19 Mba-C2-1 Fusarium equiseti from Avicennia sp. leaf showed the highest protease activity. While, the isolate 19 MT-05-3 Hypocrea sp. from sediment had the highest cellulase activity. From the root of Rhizophora sp., the isolate 19 MT-04-3 identified as Trichoderma viride had the strongest activity against a range of Vibrio species. This work indicates the high potential of fungi isolated from mangrove ecosystems as a source of commercially important enzymes and novel antimicrobial compounds.
Pests and diseases on Falcataria moluccana trees in agroforestry systems with pineapple in East Java, Indonesia SRI RAHAYU; ANANTO TRIYOGO; SITI M. WIDYASTUTI; MUSYAFA’ MUSYAFA’; FIQRY ARDIANYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 5 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220541

Abstract

Abstract. Rahayu S, Triyogo A, Widyastuti SM, Musyafa’, Ardianyah F. 2021. Pests and diseases on Falcataria moluccana trees in agroforestry systems with pineapple in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2779-2788. The agroforestry system using Falcataria moluccana (Sengon) and Ananas comosus (pineapple) is considered as a profitable intercropping system in Indonesia. To make it viable, it is necessary to evaluate the effect of mixed cropping on the incidence and severity of diseases and pests on Sengon trees and apply management measures. The present study was conducted (i) to assess the pest and disease problems on Sengon trees in the agroforestry system and (ii) to identify the most harmful pathogen/pest which affects the growth and causes mortality of Sengon trees at the beginning of intercropping and after the removal of pineapple from the system.  Incidence of pests and diseases were assessed in 3 replicate blocks with one-year-old Sengon trees mixed with pineapple, and in another 3 plots with four-year-old Sengon trees from where pineapple was removed after harvesting. Sengon and pineapple were planted in the plots using alley cropping method with 3 x 4 m2 spacing. The results showed that there were no significant pest and disease problems on pineapple. However, Sengon was infested by the white grub Lepidiota stigma, gall rust caused by the fungus Uromycladium falcatarium, the stem borer Xystrocera festiva, and mistletoe Scurrula sp. However, stem borer and gall rust were the only pest and disease issues recorded in the monocultures of Sengon in Indonesia. The occurrence of stem borer and gall rust disease had a significant effect on the diameter growth of trees and in some instances, these caused mortality of one-year-old trees. Significant mortality of four-year-old trees was caused by mistletoe infestation only. Although the incidence of gall rust and stem borer in the agroforestry system was not significantly low compared to the monoculture, the former had wider spacing between trees, more open canopy and resultant low humidity and faster wind speed reduced the severity of the gall rust disease and stem borer attack. However, the intercropping resulted in the white grub attack on young Sengon trees which calls for application of contaminant-free fertilizers in pineapple plantings.
Extracellular protease from Bacillus subtilis B315 with antagonistic activity against bacterial wilt pathogen (Ralstonia solanacearum) of chili : - Nur Prihatiningsih; ARI ASNANI; HERU ADI DJATMIKO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220327

Abstract

Abstract. Prihatiningsih N, Asnani A, Djatmiko HA. 2021. Extracellular protease from Bacillus subtilis B315 with antagonistic activity against bacterial wilt pathogen (Ralstonia solanacearum) of chili.  Biodiversitas 22: 1291-1295. Antagonistic bacteria isolated from a healthy potato are potential biocontrol agents against a number of bacterial pathogens. The capability of antagonistic bacteria to produce extracellular protease could be considered as an indicator of their antagonistic capacity. The objective of this research was to study the optimum activity of protease produced by Bacillus subtilis B315 to control Ralstonia solanacearum causing wilt of chili. In this research were optimum incubation time, pH and crude extract protease concentration of B. subtilis B315 examined for maximum production of extracellular protease. The results showed that B. subtilis B315 was capable of producing protease at optimum incubation time of 30 min, pH 9, and crude extract protease concentration 0.50% with an activity of 1.3185 U/mL. Protease-producing capability of B. subtilis B315 was shown by the formation of a clear zone around the colony of B. subtilis B315 grown on skim-milk agar medium. B. subtilis B315 was capable of inhibiting the growth of R. solanacearum in vitro as indicated by 32 mm clear zone. Furthermore, in chili application of B subtilis showed that this bacteria was capable of controlling chili bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum with effectiveness of 60.89%. The prospective of B. subtilis B315 could be formulated as biopesticide.
Diversity and abundance of nematodes in soil treated with solarization treatments Astri Harnov Putri; Siwi Indarti; Tri Harjaka
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 7 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220708

Abstract

Abstract. Putri A H, Indarti S, Harjaka T. 2021. Diversity and abundance of nematodes in soil treated with solarization treatments. Biodiversitas 22: 2612-2618. Solarization is a tillage cultivation technique that influences the presence of nematodes in agricultural land. This research aims to determine the solarization effect on soil temperature and nematode abundance and diversity in the soil. Observations on species, diversity, and abundance of the nematodes were performed at the Nematology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used with six treatments and three replications. Meanwhile, the treatment groups were based on solarization duration (in days) on the soil which includes A(3), B(7), C(14) D (30), and K0 (control, without solarization) and K1 ( control, farmer treatment). Field observations were performed to measure soil temperature, moisture, and pH. Nematodes were analyzed in the laboratory to determine the genus, abundance, and diversity. Furthermore, extracted plant-parasitic nematodes were isolated by using the whitehead tray method while the entomopathogenic group was isolated using the baiting method. The results showed the differences in tillage treatment and solarization affect soil temperature (diversity and abundance). A polynomial regression model explained the relationship between increased solarization time and soil temperature. The highest soil temperature was found in cultivated land and solarization land for 14 days (41.0oC) and the lowest was in the treatment of farmers (33.67oC). The lowest abundance was found at 14 days solarization, namely 286 individuals/100g, and the diversity index value of 1.37. The highest diversity index was found in the treatment of farmers with an index value of 1.75. The solarization treatment is best applied in the field for 14 days.
Isolation, characterization, activity test and molecular identification of thermophilic bacteria producing proteases from Dolok Tinggi Raja Natural Hot Springs, North Sumatra, Indonesia Edy Fachrial; VISENSIUS KRISDIANILO; Harmileni HARMILENI; I Nyoman Ehrich Lister; Titania T Nugroho; Saryono SARYONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 4 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220416

Abstract

Abstract. Fachrial E, Krisdianilo V, Harmileni, Lister INE, Nugroho TT, Saryono. 2021. Isolation, characterization, activity test and molecular identification of thermophilic bacteria producing proteases from Dolok Tinggi Raja Natural Hot Springs, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1725-1732. Proteases are complex enzymes that can be applied in both commercial products and physiological fields. This enzyme accelerates the breakdown of peptide bonds in polypeptides and proteins using hydrolysis reactions, transforming them into simpler bonds. In recent years, the demand for protease enzymes in Indonesia is still dependent on imported products, and there has also been an increase in their use. This is because there are many advantages in terms of efficiency, environmental friendliness, and its ability to catalyze a reaction without by-products. Proteases dominate the enzyme market with a total of 70% sales. Furthermore, they are manufactured from thermophilic bacteria as a solution to the problem of enzyme use in industries, where enzymes are easily damaged at high temperatures. The thermophilic protease enzyme can be found in thermophilic microorganisms living in extreme temperatures such as hot springs. There are lots of mountainous areas in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia with many hot springs. For example, the Dolok Tinggi Raja Natural Hot Springs of Simalungun District which has a water temperature of 50oC with a pH of about 6, the potential of which still needs to be explored. This study aims to isolate and determine the activity and molecular structure of thermophilic bacteria producing protease in Dolok Tinggi Raja Natural Hot Springs. Protease activity was determined based on the formation of clear zones in Skim Milk Agar medium. In addition, a total of 20 isolates were successfully obtained from sediment and water. Each was tested biochemically and morphologically, where 19 isolates had the activity of proteases, with the highest in isolate UTMTR VK S9 of 23.67 U/mL. Molecular identification was performed by the amplification of 16SrRNA gene based on BLAST and phylogenic analysis with MEGA X. Phylogenic results showed that isolate UTMTR VK S9 possessed similarities to Bacillus paralicheniformis strain A30103. Meanwhile, more research is required to purify enzymes for application in the industrial world.
Short Communication: Phytochemical diversity and bioactivity of Malaysian Premna cordifolia (Lamiaceae): Chelation and protective activities of Premna cordifolia. DZULSUHAIMI DAUD; MUHAMMAD SHAFIQ AZAMUDIN MD DEWA; EMI NORZEHAN MOHAMAD MAHBOB; WAN RAZARINAH WAN ABDUL RAZAK
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 6 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220628

Abstract

Abstract. Daud D, Dewa MSAM, Mahbob ENM, Razak WRWA. 2021. Short Communication: Phytochemical diversity and bioactivity of Malaysian Premna cordifolia (Lamiaceae). Biodiversitas 22: 3245-3248. The aims of the present study are to determine the chelation potential and protective effect of Premna cordifolia leaves ethanolic extract in lead intoxicated mice. Twenty-four male mice were divided into four groups with six animals each. Group 1 was healthy mice and received 2 ml/kg bwt distilled water. Group 2 was healthy mice and supplemented with 200 mg/kg bwt P. cordifolia leaves ethanolic extract. Group 3 was lead intoxicated mice and received 2 ml/kg bwt distilled water. Group 4 was lead intoxicated mice and supplemented with 200 mg/kg bwt P. cordifolia leaves ethanolic extract. All treatments were given for 14 days. Chelation activity was determined by measuring the concentrations of lead in the liver, kidney and testis by using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Sperm quality was tested according to World Health Organization manual and testosterone was estimated by using ELISA kit. Spectroscopic data showed that P. cordifolia leaves ethanolic extract was able to lower lead concentrations in liver, kidney and testis of lead intoxicated mice. Following a decrease in lead concentrations, sperm quality and testosterone levels were restored in lead intoxicated mice supplemented with P. cordifolia leaves ethanolic extract. In conclusion, P. cordifolia leaves ethanolic extract has the potential to be developed as an alternative remedy for treating lead poisoning effects.
Chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oils extracted from dry and fresh Brocchia cinerea (Vis.) Nisrine Chlif; Abdelaziz Ed-Dra; Mohammed Diouri; Noureddine El Messaoudi; Badr Zekkori; Fouria Rhazi Filali; Amar Bentayeb
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 4 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220418

Abstract

Abstract. Chlif N, Ed-Dra A, Diouri M, Messaoudi NE, Zekkori B, Filali FR, Bentayeb A. 2021. Chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oils extracted from dry and fresh Brocchia cinerea. Biodiversitas 22: 1741-1749. Brocchia cinerea Vis. is a medicinal plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, widely used in traditional medicine and as a food condiment by southeast Moroccan populations. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) of fresh and dry aerial parts of B. cinerea and to evaluate their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Chemical composition was determined by GC-MS and antibacterial activity was performed against six pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, the antioxidant activity was evaluated by ferric reduction antioxidant power and DPPH scavenging assay. The main components of fresh plants were thujone (26.05%), cis-chrysanthenyl formate (15.64%), 2-champhanone (15.40%), and santolina-triene (10.68%). Whereas, the major components of the dry plant were thujone (22.37%), santolina-triene (16.45%), 1,8-cineol (12.19%), and chrysanthenyl formate (12.03%). The EOs exert a bactericidal effect against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. However, the antioxidant assays showed that EOs of fresh and dry aerial parts of B. cinerea could reduce iron and trap DPPH radical. In a nutshell, this study showed that the EOs of fresh and dry aerial parts of B. cinerea are rich in natural substances that had interesting biological activities and can be used in the medical, pharmaceutical, and agri-food sectors.
Short Communication: Zooplankton as indicator of trophic status of lakes in Ilmen State Reserve, Russia Irina V. Mashkova; Anastasiya Kostryukova; Elena Shchelkanova; Viktor Trofimenko
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220348

Abstract

Abstract. Mashkova IV, Kostryukova AM, Shchelkanova EE, Trofimenko VV. 2021. Short Communication: Zooplankton as indicator of trophic status of lakes in Ilmen State Reserve, Russia. Biodiversitas 22: 1448-1455. Zooplankton is a potentially powerful tool for assessing the trophic state of aquatic ecosystems. The current paper studied taxonomic composition and biomass of zooplankton communities in ten lakes within Ilmen State Reserve, Chelyabinsk region, Russia and identified the influence of trophic status on its formation. Integrated samples were taken from epilimnion in the summer of 2016-2019. Several criteria were used to determine trophic status: the taxonomic structure and biomass of zooplankton; some hydroecological indicators some hydroecological indicators and the Carlson index. The trophic status of the studied lakes, determined based on the zooplankton biomass, revealed that most of the lakes were in the status of mesotrophic. The number of zooplankton species in the lakes was 44 with Pleuroxus laevis, Bosmina longirostris, Simocephalus vetulus were the most numerous species in mesotrophic lakes; while Chaetonotus ploenensis, Keratella quadrata frenzeli, Leptodora kindti are rare. Zooplankton communities of Bolshoye Miassovo and Maloye Miassovo Lakes were characterized by high species diversity and considered as one of the most significant among the foothill lakes of the eastern slope of South Ural. The study reveals that hydroecological assessment of the ecological status is not exactly precise, as values are not stable and can change not only under the anthropogenic influence but also due to many natural abiotic environmental factors. The research shows that species composition and biomass of zooplankton communities could provide a more accurate assessment of the trophic status of water-bodies.

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