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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Taxonomic investigation of the Xanthium strumarium L. complex (Asteraceae) distributed in Iran inferred from morphological, palynological and molecular data Fariba Noedoost; JAMIL VAEZI; SEDIGHEH NIKZAT SIAHKOLAEE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 4 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220444

Abstract

Abstract. Noedoost F, Vaezi J, Nikzat Siahkolaee S. 2021. Taxonomic investigation of the Xanthium strumarium L. complex (Asteraceae) distributed in Iran inferred from morphological, palynological and molecular data. Biodiversitas 22: 1961-1974. Unclear species boundaries due to high morphological similarities lead to different opinions on Xanthium classification. To solve this problem, we conducted investigation on morphological, palynological and molecular (ITS sequencing) of three species of Xanthium (i.e., X. strumarium, X. sibiricum, and X. brasilicum) forming Xanthium strumarium complex in Iran. We randomly collected 110 plant individuals of the Xanthium strumarium complex as well as X. spinosum from 30 geographical populations in eight provinces of Iran. Pollen grains of 19 populations were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results obtained from the analysis of morphological characters showed that the three species, X. strumarium, X. brasilicum and X. sibiricum were placed nearly together specially X. strumarium and X. brasilicum are obviously overlapped. Palynological results indicated the pollen grains of section Acanthoxanthium (i.e., X. spinosum) and Xanthium (i.e., X. strumarium, X. sibiricum, and X. brasilicum) are clearly differing by their LM and SEM characters. However, no significant difference found between the pollen of X. strumarium and X. brasilicum. The Bayesian phylogenetic tree of the ITS region of rDNA sequences revealed that X. strumarium, X. sibiricum and X. brasilicum could not be discriminated as independent species. Overall, the morphological, palynological and molecular data provided evidence to synonymize X. brasilicum and X. strumarium with X. orientale and X. sibiricum with X. strumarium.
Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases in producing Escherichia coli in beef sold in traditional markets in Surabaya, Indonesia Dhandy Koesoemo Wardhana; DEVI AYU SAFITRI; SUWAIBATUL ANNISA; NENNY HARIJANI; AGNES THERESIA SOELIH ESTOEPANGESTIE; LAILATUL MAGHFIROH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 5 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220542

Abstract

Abstract. Wardhana DK, Safitri DA, Anisa S, Harijani N, Estoepangestie S, Maghfiroh L. 2021. Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases in producing Escherichia coli in beef sold in traditional markets in Surabaya, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2789-2793. Meat is a source of protein, but it can be contaminated by microorganisms such as Escherichia coli (E. coli). Some species of E. coli become resistant to antibiotics and produce Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) that limit the choice of antibiotics for treatment of E. coli infection. The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence of ESBLs leading to the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in beef sold in local markets in Surabaya City, Indonesia. A total of 60 samples from 10 traditional markets were tested. Isolated and identified E. coli strains were examined to detect the ESBL production through four-disc diffusion tests using cefotaxime (30 ?g), ceftazidime (30 ?g), ceftriaxone (30 ?g), and aztreonam (30 ?g). Then, the minimum inhibitory concentration was measured. The study showed the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in beef sold in the traditional markets in Surabaya. The average E. coli concentration in the beef was at 43.3%, and the highest resistance of the isolates was observed for cefotaxime (46.1%), ceftazidime (23.1%) ceftriaxone (19.2%), and aztreonam (38.4%). Data of ESBL-producing E. coli in broiler chicken meat in the traditional markets showed all of the E. coli isolates were resistant to ampicillin, while 48.4% of them were resistant to, cephazolin. Only few (13%) were resistant to ceftazidime, and few others (9.6%) showed resistance to cefotaxime. The least number of them (6.4%) were resistant to ceftriaxone, and most of them were resistant to tetracycline (87.2%). Therefore, ESBLs were not reported producing E. coli in the beef. The presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in the beef gives an alert that good hygiene practices should be applied to handle meat safety and control the use of antibiotics
Molecular identification of a new isolate of actinobacteria ATIS61 and characterization of the protease activities FADHLIAH AMFAR; Lenni Fitri; SUHARTONO SUHARTONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220363

Abstract

Abstract. Amfar F, Fitri L, Suhartono. 2021. Molecular identification of a new isolate of actinobacteria ATIS61 and characterization of the protease activities. Biodiversitas 22: 1564-1569. Protease is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in protein. Actinobacteria are one of bacterial groups that is able to produce protease. Actinobacteria are Gram-positive bacteria and mostly aerobic. This study aimed to identify protease-producing actinobacteria ATIS61 isolate using 16S rRNA gene and to characterize the protease activity. This study was experimental research, consisted of amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, and protease activity test. The 16S rRNA gene analysis showed that ATIS61 isolate was closely related to Nocardia sp. strain 335427 with a 99.88% similarity and the result of phylogenetic tree construction was related to Nocardia farcinica strain ARS8 with Bootstrap 94%. Protease activity test showed the highest activity was on the eighth day of incubation at 0.115 U/mL. Protease activity based on temperature showed the highest activity at 40°C of 0.156 U/mL and the stability of protease towards temperature was stable at 40°C and 50°C. Protease activity showed that the highest protease activity was at pH 8 of 0.096 U/mL and the highest protease stability was also at pH 8. The addition of HgCl2 showed that it could inhibit protease activity with a value of 0.059 U/mL.
The hematological profile of Barbonymus altus to evaluate water quality in the Badher Bank Conservation Area, Blitar, East Java, Indonesia Asus Maizar Suryanto Hertika; Supriatna Supriatna; Arief Darmawan; Bimo Aji Nugroho; Agung Dwi Handoko; Agustiansi Yeyen Qurniawatri; Ranita Ayu Prasetyawati
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 5 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220510

Abstract

Abstract. Hertika AMS, Supriatna, Darmawan A, Nugroho BA, Handoko AD, Qurniawatri AY, Prasetyawati RA. 2021. The hematological profile of Badher fish (Barbonymus altus) to evaluate water quality in the Badher Bank Conservation Area, Tawangrejo Village, Blitar District, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2532-2541. Badher fish (Barbonymus altus) is endemic to the Brantas River. After years presumably extinct, the Badher fish was found again in 2010 in the Brantas River, Tawangrejo Village, Binangun Sub-district, Blitar District, East Java, Indonesia. A conservation area, called a Badher Bank, was established in the location. However, human activities, such as ecotourism and agricultural waste runoff, have changed water quality and increased water pollution in the Badher Bank Conservation Area. This research objective was to observe the hematological profile of badher fish and a set of water quality parameter measurements as an environmental factor that affected fish life. Data were obtained from four research stations with three replications every two weeks from August to October 2020 at the Brantas River streamline inside the Badher Bank Conservation Area. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) method was applied to determine the correlation between water quality and hematological profile. According to the data analysis, the water quality at Stations 1-3 in the research location was normal, and Station 4 was polluted. The analysis also showed that the low dissolved oxygen and high ammonia affected the hematological conditions of Badher fish. All water quality parameters affected the condition of leucocytes, erythrocytes, and hemoglobin in moderate concentrations. Besides that, micronuclei and hematocrit conditions were strongly influenced by ammonia, temperature, pH, and current velocity in high concentrations, while Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) affected low concentrations.
Exploring biofertilizer potential of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria candidates from different plant ecosystems Dwi Agustiyani; Tirta Kumala Dewi; Nur Laili; Achirul Nditasari; Sarjiya Antonius
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 5 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220529

Abstract

Abstract. Agustiyani D, Dewi TK, Laili N, Nditasari A, Antonius S. 2021. Exploring biofertilizer potential of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria candidates from different plant ecosystems. Biodiversitas 22: 2691-2698. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been widely used as inoculants to increase the growth of crops. This study aims to evaluate the effective PGPR strains according to their capability in various plant growth-promoting activities in vitro. Ten rhizosphere soil samples were obtained from several plant ecosystems in Bangkinang, Kampar, Sumatra Island, Indonesia. A total of 42 bacteria were isolated and tested for three plant growth–promoting activities i.e., phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, and N fixation. Out of 42 isolates, 26 were positive for phosphate solubilization, 11 were positive for IAA production, and five were positive for N fixation. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of plant growth–promoting activities revealed that the highest phosphate solubilizing isolate was PK.4.2 (SI 4.33); the highest IAA-producing isolate was I.4.2 (73.1 ppm); while the highest N-fixing ability was NFB.1.1. According to the seed bioassay results, the shoot and root length of bok choy (Brassica rapa) seedlings were significantly enhanced with the PGPR isolates treatment. The highest shoot length (2.53 cm) was observed among seeds treated with I.4.2 isolate, followed by PK.6.1 (2.45 cm) and I.5.3 (2.07 cm). The NFB.1.1 isolate promoted the longest root length (6.4 cm), although this was similar with I.5.3 isolate (6.11 cm). Two isolates that showed significant plant growth–promoting activities were analyzed using 16S rDNA sequences. The two isolates had a close evolutionary relationship with genus Sinomonas strain Cw 108 (I.4.2) and Arthrobacter (I.5.3.).
Screening of endophytic fungi from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) in producing exopolysaccharides Yurnaliza Yurnaliza; It Jamilah; Adrian Hartanto; Anisa Lutfia
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220350

Abstract

Abstract. Yurnaliza Y, Jamilah I, Hartanto A, Lutfia A. 2021. Screening of endophytic fungi from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) in producing exopolysaccharides. Biodiversitas 22: 1467-1473. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are microbial polysaccharides with a high biotechnological application in many fields due to their bioactivity and biocompatibility. Endophytic fungi are potential agents for producing EPS even though they remained under-exploited, especially those originating as indigenous strains from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). The present study reports on EPS production by a collection of endophytic fungi isolated from the petioles of oil palm under submerged fermentation. The culture medium was formulated with sucrose as C-source to trigger the secretion of EPS by the strains. Isolation of EPS was done through absolute ethanol precipitation in cold conditions. A total of 29 endophytic fungal strains was recovered from the foliar part of the plants. Molecular identification based on ITS-rDNA region and phylogenetic construction of each lineage revealed the dominant species from Pestalotiopsidaceae (syn. Amphisphaeriaceae), followed by Hypoxylaceae, Pleosporaceae, Didymosphaeriaceae, Sporocadaceae, and other minor families. In general, most isolates were ascomycetous fungi along with a basidiomycetous and zygomycetous fungus. After fermentation for 10 days, three fungal endophytes identified as Annulohypoxylon thailandicum P8 (Hypoxylaceae), Pseudopestalotiopsis simitheae P1 (Pestalotiopsidaceae), and Diaporthe eucalyptorum P11 (Diaporthaceae) secreted EPS higher in values than the others. The most prominent strain was A. thailandicum P8 with a yield of >50 mg/100 mL of filtrate solution. Based on FT-IR spectral analysis, the EPS product was detected to contain carboxyl, carbonyl, glycosidic bonds, and hydroxyl groups hereafter confirmed the characteristics of exopolysaccharides. The results demonstrated that the EPS may be evaluated for its bioactivity in a future study.
Screening of actinobacteria-producing amylolytic enzyme in sediment from Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) ponds in Rembang District, Central Java, Indonesia Diah Ayuningrum; aninditia sabdaningsih; Oktavianto Jati
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 4 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220427

Abstract

Abstract. Ayuningrum D, Sabdaningsih A, Jati OE. 2021. Screening of actinobacteria-producing amylolytic enzyme in sediment from Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) ponds in Rembang District, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1819-1828. Coastal environments are dynamic places where various activities such as aquaculture take place. Waste from intensive aquaculture contains high amounts of organic material that negatively affect the pond system as well as the surrounding environment. Bioremediation using hydrolytic enzymes from microbes has been widely used as an alternative to remove organic waste because of its lower economic cost and more efficient. Microbes such as Gram-positive actinobacteria are widely known as enzyme producers. This research aimed to isolate actinobacteria from Litopenaeus vannamei pond sediment, to purify and characterize the actinobacteria based on morphological appearance, to conduct screening of amylolytic activity, and to identify the species of actinobacteria through 16S rDNA amplification as well as to construct their phylogenetic tree. Sampling was done in Rembang District, Central Java, Indonesia, with 5 sampling stations consist of 14 sampling points. Thirty-eight pure axenic cultures of actinobacteria were successfully isolated using two different media, namely IM6 and IM8. The IM8 medium promoted the most growth of 24 isolates rather than on the IM6 with only 14 isolates. Based on morphological appearance, most isolates belonged to Streptomyces-like actinomycete bacteria as many as 30 isolates and the rest 8 isolates belonged to mycelium-forming non-Streptomyces actinomycete bacteria. The screening results of amylolytic activity showed that all of the 38 actinobacteria formed halo zone with amylolytic index between 1.31-5.29. Top five highest amylolytic index was found in isolates SA4.1 (IM6), SD1.3 (IM8), SC3.3 (IM8), SC3.3 (IM6) and SC3.2 (IM8). The isolate SC3.3 (IM8) according to BLAST homology, showed a 98% similarity with Streptomyces atacamensis C60. Further research is needed to investigate the potential of isolate SC3.3 (IM8) to reduce the BOD level in the aquatic system as a bioremediator candidate.
Short Communication: Cremanthodium indica (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a new species from the Eastern Himalaya, India Dipankar Borah; Rajeev Kumar Singh; Lobsang Tashi Thungon
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220324

Abstract

Abstract. Borah D, Singh RK, Thungon LT. 2021. Short Communication: Cremanthodium indica (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a new species from the Eastern Himalaya, India. Biodiversitas 22: 1268-1272. Cremanthodium indica D.Borah, R.Kr. Singh & Thungon (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a new species from Eastern Himalayan state Arunachal Pradesh, India is described and illustrated. The new species is allied to Cremanthodium nobile (Franch.) Diels ex H.Lév. in having elliptic-obovate basal leaves, solitary, nodding capitula and hemispheric involucre, but differs by densely pale yellow tomentose stem, stem leaves 5–9, 1.6–2.1 cm distant, outer phyllaries 2.3–2.8 mm wide, inner phyllaries elliptic, 3–5 mm wide, apex acute, ray lamina creamy, oblong, 2–2.3 cm long, apex truncate, distinctly 3-dentate, ray tube 1.5–2 mm long, tubular florets creamy, 8–9 mm long and pappus 6–8 mm long.
Traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in the Kampung Orang Asli Donglai Baru, Hulu Langat, Malaysia Mohd Raznan Ramli; SORAYYA MALEK; POZI MILOW; NURUL JANNAH AZIZ
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220329

Abstract

Abstract. Ramli MP, Malek S, Milow P, Aziz NJ. 2021. Traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in the Kampung Orang Asli Donglai Baru, Hulu Langat, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 22: 1304-1309. Documentation on traditional knowledge of medicinal plants is important before it is completely exhausted by the loss of natural habitats surrounding it and the passing away of older generations. In this study, an ethnobotanical survey for the medicinal plants in the Kampung Orang Asli Donglai Baru, Hulu Langat, Selangor, Malaysia was carried out. A semi-structured interview was prepared to record the medicinal uses of the local medicinal plants in the study area. The information such as the Orang Asli local name, parts used for medication, methods of preparation, and type of ailments were all collected. The total numbers of recorded species in the study sites were 39 species belonging to 22 families. The families Zingiberaceae, Marantaceae, Leguminosae, Vitaceae, Lamiaceae, Melastomataceae, and Araceae have recorded the highest species of medicinal plants. The most frequently utilized plant parts were the leaves (25%) followed by roots (20%), whole plants (10%), fruit (5%) and flowers (2.5%). Gastrointestinal problems including stomach ache, diarrhea, indigestion and bloating were among the most frequent ailments treated with the medical plants. This study revealed that many medicinal plants are still broadly used by the community for treating various diseases in ailments. Further investigation needs to be carried out to explore the potential of these plants in scientific usage.
GC-MS analysis of rhizome ethanol extracts from Curcuma aeruginosa accessions and their efficiency activities as anticancer agent Waras Nurcholis; NURUL KHUMAIDA; MARIA BINTANG; MUHAMAD SYUKUR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220313

Abstract

Abstract. Nurcholis W, Khumaida N, Bintang M, Syukur M. 2021. GC-MS analysis of rhizome ethanol extracts from Curcuma aeruginosa accessions and their efficiency activities as anticancer agent. Biodiversitas 22: 1179-1186. This work aimed to evaluate the bioactive compounds and anticancer activity in rhizome extract of ten Curcuma aeruginosa accessions to explore their pharmacological values. The GC-MS analysis was used to identify bioactive compounds. The cytotoxic activity was performed against MCF-7 (Human breastadeno carcinoma) and Vero cell lines using MTT assay. The GC-MS analysis revealed 71 of the compounds as sesquiterpenes (36), monoterpenes (20), phenolics (5), diterpenes (4), phenanthrene (1), tetrapeptides (1), oxazole (1), triazine (1), piperidine (1), and oxygenated hydrocarbons (1). The isocurcumenol was the most dominant metabolite in ethanol extract of C. aeruginosa rhizome, with the highest produced by KP accession (22.01%) followed MD accession (21.12%). However, camphor and ?-elemene were the metabolites produced by all accessions studied. In the Vero cell line as a normal cell, the cytotoxic activity varied from 13.28% (MD) to 45.17% (PW). Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity ranged from 1.16% (LC) to 49.70% (MD) against the MCF-7 cell line. The highest anticancer activity was produced in MD accessions; thus, it can be used as a source of quality raw materials for the pharmaceutical and food industry. Besides that, it can also be further developed to obtain superior varieties through plant breeding programs.

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