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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
 282   283   284   285   286 
Diversity of fruit bats (Pteropodidae) and their ectoparasites in Batuputih Nature Tourism Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia MEIS NANGOY; TILTJE RANSALELEH; HANDRY LENGKONG; Roni Koneri; ALICE LATINNE; RANDALL C. KYES
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 6 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220609

Abstract

Abstract. Nangoy M, Ransaleleh T, Lengkong H, Koneri R, Latinne A, Kyes RC. 2021. Diversity of fruit bats (Pteropodidae) and their ectoparasites in Batuputih Nature Tourism Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3075-3082. Bats play an important role in the ecosystem as pollinators, seed dispersers, and predators, therefore, this study aims to identify the diversity of fruit bat species and ectoparasites at Batuputih Nature Tourism Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study was conducted from May to July 2019, and carried out in three different habitats, namely primary and secondary forest, as well as agricultural land. Besides, the bats were caught using a mist net while the ectoparasites were collected and identified using morphological criteria. A total of 253 bats were sampled representing 10 species (all belonging to the family Pteropodidae) namely Cynopterus brachyotis (24.90%), C. luzoniensis (9.88%), Dobsonia exoleta (1.19%), Macroglossus minimus (3.16%), Nictymene cephalotes (4.75%), N. minutus (0.79%), Rousettus amplexicaudatus (17%), R. celebensis (20.95%), Thoopterus nigrescens (17%), and Thoopterus sp. (0.4%). Cynopterus brachyotis was the most abundant species (n = 63). Meanwhile, a total of 479 ectoparasites were collected and identified as belonging to three families, namely Nycteribiidae, Streblidae, and Spinturnicidae. Nycteribiidae (genus Leptocyclopodia) was the most abundant ectoparasite taxa (n= 475) while the highest mean abundance and intensity were observed for the genus Thoopterus and Rousettus. This study provides important baseline data for future reference in monitoring bat population status and conservation efforts in the region. Given the close relationship between the local people and bats (e.g. hunting and consumption), more work is needed to address the potential pathogen risks from zoonotic transmission, both from bats and the respective ectoparasites.
Finger millet-based staple beverages consumed by the Gadaba ethnic community of Odisha, India: Preparation and nutritive characteristics ARUP KUMAR MISHRA; RANJANA BAJPAI; AMRITA SWAIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 5 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220535

Abstract

Abstract. Mishra AK, Bajpai R, Swain A. 2021. Finger millet-based staple beverages consumed by the Gadaba ethnic community of Odisha, India: Preparation and nutritive characteristics. Biodiversitas 22: 2737-2742. The indigenous food and beverages reflect the acquaintance of ethnic population to local environmental settings. Development of diet structure includes diversities in food and beverages depend on the ethnic knowledge they perceive from their ancestors as well as from the environmental determinants. The Gadaba ethnic community being native to the southern part of Odisha state in India, developed the art to sustain them through rain-fed agricultural crops like finger millet and upland rice. These traditional non-hybrid crops give different dimensions to their food and beverage structure. In this case, the study focussed on finger millet-based staple beverages consumed by Gadaba ethnic community of this region. The effort is given to discuss the complete indigenous preparation process and nutritional parameters concerning two indigenous indispensable fermented beverages named Landa and Pej. The nutritional analysis of these beverages proved it to be a promising diet structure for sustainability.
Optimize 2,4-D concentration and callus induction time enhance callus proliferation and plant regeneration of three rice genotypes Nono Carsono; ENDAH JUWENDAH; LIBERTY LIBERTY; SANTIKA SARI; FARIDA DAMAYANTI; MEDDY RACHMADI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 7 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220702

Abstract

Abstract. Carsono N, Juwendah E, Liberty, Sari S, Damayanti F, Rachmadi M. 2021. Optimize 2,4-D concentration and callus induction time enhance callus proliferation and plant regeneration of three rice genotypes. Biodiversitas 22: 2555-2560. The development of callus in the course of transgenic rice avoids the somaclonal variants. To obtain a high number of normal phenotypes and a low number of somaclonal variants requires an appropriate 2,4-D concentration. In this study, we obtained the best callus induction time and a high number of green plant regeneration for three responsive rice genotypes on different 2,4-D concentrations in NB5 medium. The mature seeds of rice embryos were used as explants. A completely randomized factorial design was applied with four levels of 2,4-D concentrations (0, 1, 3, and 5 ppm), two levels of induction time (one and two weeks), and three rice genotypes (cv. Fatmawati, Nipponbare, and Kitaake). The study revealed that there was no interaction effect among genotype, 2,4-D concentration, and callus induction time. Three rice genotypes performed best in callus proliferation and regeneration. One-week callus induction time showed higher callus growth capacity (CGC) as compared to two-week callus induction time. Shoot regeneration capacity (SRC) was independently affected by genotype as well as by callus induction time. The interaction effect between 2,4-D concentration and callus induction time was observed on plant regeneration capacity (PRC). Without the addition of 2,4-D and 1 ppm of 2,4-D, the green plant regeneration capacity (GRC) was comparatively higher. Addition of 2,4-D showed a significant effect, especially at the plant regeneration stage. We found that one-week callus induction was the best treatment for callus proliferation and plant regeneration. We recommend the use of one-week callus induction and 1 ppm of 2,4-D for rice callus proliferation (sub-culture) and subsequent plant regeneration.
Soil environmental factors shape the rhizosphere arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in South African indigenous legumes (Fabaceae) Afolakemi Alimi; Rasheed Adeleke; Annah Moteetee
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 5 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220503

Abstract

Abstract. Alimi AA, Adeleke R, Moteetee A. 2021. Soil environmental factors shape the rhizosphere arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in South African indigenous legumes (Fabaceae).Biodiversitas 22:2466-2476.The crucial role played by arbuscular mycorrhizalfungi (AMF) in the nutritional adaptation of plants tonutrient-deficientsoils is well recognized. However, little is known about the diversity of AM fungal communities in the rhizosphere of indigenous legumes of South Africa. This study presents the first morphological characterization of the AM fungal diversity present in the rhizosphere of eleven indigenous legume species fromtwo provinces in South Africa and correlates the diversity and community structure of AMF to soil physicochemical properties. Twenty AM fungal species belonging to ten genera were identified; Glomusand Acaulospora were the dominant genera, while Acaulospora colombiana, A. mellea, and Claroideoglomus etunicatumwere the prevalent species. The AM fungal spore density, diversity, andcommunity structurediffered markedly among the legume species in both provinces. Correlation and canonical correspondence analyses revealed that the diversity and spatial structure of AM fungal communitieswere significantly influenced by soil properties. This study providesa theoretical insight into the future potential of using the dominant AM fungal species as inoculants for sustainable management of legumes and indicated that soil factors are important environmental determinants of AM fungal diversity and community structure
Snake pet ownership in the city: A case study in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia Mirza Kusrini; Sharon Pratiwi Palesa; Burhanuddin Masy'ud
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 4 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220424

Abstract

Abstract. Kusrini MD, Palesa SP, Masy’ud B. 2021. Snake pet ownership in the city: A case study in Greater Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1790-1798. Snake pets have gained popularity all over the world, including in Indonesia. We conducted an online survey to gather information regarding the characteristics of snake owners, their motivation for keeping snakes, the species owned, and the keepers’ knowledge and perception. Google forms were sent to snake owners in the Greater Jakarta area (also known as Jabodetabek), and 69 snake owners responded. Most of the snake owners are in the young adult group (16-25 years) and their motivation to keep snakes comes mostly from them being influenced by their peers, exhibitions and social media. Thirty-nine species of snake from nine families were listed as pets, mostly being snakes that are distributed in Indonesia. Overall, the Pythonidae was the snake family with the most species being selected as pets (65.7%), followed by Colubridae (10.7%) and Viperidae (9.44%). Most snake owners kept non-venomous snakes (83.3%), 12% kept highly venomous snakes, and 4.7% kept mildly- venomous snakes.  Most of the keepers had heard about protected species (91.2%). However, when asked to write the names of any protected species, 46% out of 50 people gave incorrect names. The relatively high number of venomous snakes kept (even by those keepers of a young age) indicates the potential risk of envenomation. As yet, there is no system for snake owner licensing in Indonesia, thus it is suggested that, because of the increasing popularity of keeping snakes as pets,  owners should be registered, licensed, and monitored.
Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene as an accurate DNA barcode for identification of macroscopic fungus in Aceh ESSY HARNELLY; HENDRIX INDRA KUSUMA; ZAIRIN THOMY; SAMINGAN SAMINGAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 5 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230514

Abstract

Abstract. Harnelly E, Kusuma HI, Thomy Z, Samingan. 2022. Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene as an accurate DNA barcode for identification of macroscopic fungus in Aceh. Biodiversitas 23: 2369-2378. Fungal identification is crucial in determining the fungal’s role and benefits and is usually carried out by morphological observation. However, this technique takes a long time and depends on the accuracy of an expert. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the accuracy of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene to identify macroscopic fungi from Aceh, Indonesia. 23 samples were collected from the Pocut Meurah Intan Grand Forest Park in Aceh, Indonesia. Samples were extracted, amplified, electrophoresed, and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence of the amplified products was analyzed by using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). 7 out of the 11 samples with good and regular peaks were continued until further analyzed using BLAST. The results showed that samples aga2, aga4, aga5, aga6, aga9, rus, and pol were identified as Pleurocollybia sp., Pleurotus djamour, Filoboletus manipularis, Schyzophillum commune, Gymnopilus lepidotus,Auriscalpium vulgare, and Gyrodontium sacchari, respectively. The study findings indicate that the use of the ITS gene as a barcode effectively separates up to the species level from the type. This is very helpful in the identification process, especially when distinguishing cryptic species clearly because of their similarity, which is difficult to distinguish morphologically.
Population genetic structure of hard clam (Meretrix lyrata) along the Southern coast of Thailand JUTHAMAS SUPPAPAN; PRADIT SANGTHONG; , APIRAK SONGRAK; VERAKIAT SUPMEE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 5 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220505

Abstract

Abstract. Suppapan J, Sangthong P, Songrak A, Supmee V. 2021. Population genetic structure of hard clam (Meretrix lyrata) along the Southern coast of Thailand. Biodiversitas 22: 2489-2496. The hard clam (Meretrix lyrata), which is an economically important fishery item in Southern Thailand, has decreased rapidly due to overexploitation. To construct sustainable management of this species, genetic information is necessary. In our study, the genetic diversity of M. lyrata was investigated based on the variation of the nucleotide sequence (439 bp) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (mtDNA COI). The mtDNA COI sequences of 145 individuals collecting from 6 sampling sites along the Southern coast of Thailand were analyzed. The results revealed that M. lyrata populations showed moderate to low levels of genetic diversity. All of the population genetic structure analysis revealed the genetic differentiation of the hard clam between the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea populations. Based on these results, a genetic structure of the hard clam M. lyrata in Southern Thailand was possibly caused by a disruptive gene flow from the geographic factors by the Thai-Malay Peninsula. The demographic history test revealed that the hard clam living in Southern Thailand had experienced population expansion. This study provided the first genetic information that could be used for conserving the hard clam M. lyrata in Southern Thailand.
Bioaccumulation and phytoremediation of some heavy metals (Mn, Cu, Zn and Pb) by bladderwort and duckweed NAYYEF M. AZEEZ
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 5 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220564

Abstract

Abstract. Azeez NM. 2021. Bioaccumulation and phytoremediation of some heavy metals (Mn, Cu, Zn and Pb) by bladderwort and duckweed. Biodiversitas 22: 3093-3098. This paper discussed the changes in some heavy metals (Mn, Cu, Zn, and Pb) in Utricularia vulgaris L. (Bladderwort) and Lemna minor L. (Duckweed) in the sewage treatment unit at the University of Basrah Campus, Iraq. For all examined heavy metals, the better accumulator was U. vulgaris than L. minor. This study proved that both plants significantly reduced the concentrations of heavy metals in wastewater. The efficiency of removing heavy metals was more than 68%. For both species, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) values of the tested metals were <1, and the BCFvalues decreased in the following order in both species: Pb>Mn>Cu>Zn. Reduction rates of pH, TSS, TDS, and conductivity were significant at the end of the experiment. The results showed that the tested macrophytes exhibit a good characteristic as bioaccumulators and could be effectively used in phytoremediation techniques.
Effectiveness of green betel leaf and lime extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli R.Y Gloria; RAHMA YULIYANI; MIA MAR'ATUSH SHOLIHA ASROR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 8 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220843

Abstract

Abstract. Gloria RY, Yuliyani R, Asror MMS. 2021. Effectiveness of green betel leaf and lime extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Biodiversitas 22: 3452-3457. Indonesian society utilizes biodiversity as source of medicinal herbs. Betel leaf and lime are included in traditional Indonesian medicinal plants that have antibacterial and antioxidant properties. One of the benefits of herbal medicinal plants of betel leaf and lime is that it can be used as a natural hand sanitizer. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of naturally made hand sanitizer against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by the combination of green betel leaf extract and lime extract. The experiment was performed by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results showed that a combination of 50% betel leaf extract and 50% lime extract inhibited the growth of S. aureus whereas, 75% betel leaf extract and 100% lime extract exhibited strong inhibition than 70% alcohol.
Evaluation on Bali Mynah (Leucopsar rothschildi Stresemann, 1912) population, result of release process 1998-2015 in Bali Barat National Park, Indonesia Jarwadi Jarwadi Budi Hernowo; SHINDY HAQUESTA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 7 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220719

Abstract

Abstract. Hernowo JB, Haquesta S. 2021. Evaluation on Bali Mynah (Leucopsar rothschildi Stresemann, 1912) population, result of release process 1998-2015 in Bali Barat National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2699-2710. The release of Bali Mynah (Leucopsar rothschildi Stresemann, 1912) is an attempt to return the bird population to its natural habitat to increase the number of Bali Mynah populations in nature. Bali Mynah population release results that can grow, but slow rate, so that indicates to review technical and management evaluation of Bali Mynah release. The study aims to evaluate the development of the population, the factors that affect population numbers and habitat for the results of releasing Bali Mynah, as well as the security factor. The research was conducted and focused on the Breeding Centre of Bali Mynah (BCBM) in Tegal Bunder, Teluk Brumbun, Teluk Kotal, Tanjung Gelap, and Pos Lampu Merah of Bali Barat National Park (BBNP), Indonesia from May to June 2015. The method of data collection is direct observation, measurement (population with concentration method), interview in relation to management of the bird, and literature. Data analysis was done by calculating the score of the assessment and the animal welfare. The result shows that the Bali Mynah population in Breeding Centre of Bali Mynah in Tegal Bunder has been categorized as good (analyzed from the animal welfare and assessment of the Bali Mynah with a score of 76.53 and 4.32 respectively). Bali Mynah population in the release area is well developed. The BM population has shown survival supported by an abundance of food and water availability, but the movement is still limited (500 m-1000 m) from the release areas.  

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