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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Feeding ecology of Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis) troops in Kaligandaki and Budhigandaki River basins of central Nepal Suvas CHANDRA Ghimire; LAXMAN KHANAL; MUKESH KUMAR CHALISE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 7 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220710

Abstract

Abstract. Ghimire SC, Khanal L, Chalise MK. 2021. Feeding ecology of Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis) troops in Kaligandaki and Budhigandaki River basins of central Nepal. Biodiversitas 22: 2625-2634. Seasonal fluctuations in the availability of key food resources impact the foraging behavior of animals. This study aimed to examine the seasonal variations in feeding time of Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis) in the sub-tropical deciduous riverine forest environment of central Nepal. Two troops of Nepal population of Assamese macaques, a troop from Kaligandaki River Basin (KRBT) and the next from Budhigandaki River Basin (BRBT) were studied by focal animal sampling method. Data from systematic behavioral observations were analyzed with reference to that of the vegetation surveys. Assamese macaques invested more than two-fifths (>40%) of the diurnal time on feeding. The KRBT consumed 71 plant species and the BRBT relied on 69 food plants. Leaves, mature and young, constituted the most dominant food item followed by the fruits and seeds. The two study troops inhabiting highly similar habitats of food plants (Sorensen’s Similarity Index = 0.93) didn’t have a significant difference in the selection of food-plant parts. However, the remarkable temporal difference in feeding plant parts was observed in concordance with their seasonal availability. Young leaves, when available during the spring and pre-monsoon were the major food items. Contrastingly, mature leaves were the food items during the winter on which animals were forced to rely when young leaves were scarce. We conclude that food choice and time investment on the feeding of different plant parts differ depending on the availability of food in the area. Macaques living in comparable habitats with similar food plants have analogous food choices and time investments.
Ethnoecology of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium by local communities around Lake Toba, North Sumatra, Indonesia Yati Nurlaeni; Johan Iskandar; Decky Indrawan Junaedi
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 4 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220426

Abstract

Abstract. Nurlaeni Y, Iskandar J, Junaedi DI. 2021. Ethnoecology of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium by local communities around Lake Toba, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1806-1818. Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC., locally known as andaliman, is a typical spice of traditional cuisine of communities living around Lake Toba, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Despite the extensive uses, the ethnoecological study on this plant is relatively scarce. This study aims to conduct ethnoecological studies of the management and cultivation of andaliman plants based on Traditional Ecological Knowledge of local communities of Salaon Dolok Village, a village nearby Lake Toba which has close relationship and intensively cultivated/utilized andaliman in their daily life. This study applied qualitative methods using the combination of direct observation and interviews with 46 selected respondents using snowball sampling. The results of this study showed that the cultivation of andaliman in Salaon Dolok Village was carried out using traditional ways with simple farming practices. These traditional farming models relied on manual farming practices in all farming aspects. The community has local knowledge related to the management of reliable agricultural systems from generation to generation. Andaliman cultivation in Salaon Dolok Village does not need maintenance costs for fertilizers and pesticides. In general, andaliman planting is mostly done in the forest. In general, the people of this village only recognize two kinds of andaliman cultivars, namely Andaliman 'Simanuk' and Andaliman 'Sihorbo'. The planting is usually carried out during the rainy season to reduce the mortality rate of the planted seedlings. The activity of seedling preparation is carried out in two simple ways. First, most farmers were collected andaliman seeds that grow wild around the existing andaliman plants. The second method is by collecting the seedling that grows from the burning land with some remains of old andaliman plants collected at the edge of the land. Sustainable agriculture should minimize the external input from outside of the agro-ecosystem. Low External Input Sustainable Agriculture (LEISA) emphasizes the efficient use of existing production factors to create sustainable agriculture, including for andaliman agriculture system.
Recombinant fusion protein expression of Indonesian isolate Newcastle disease virus in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) Martha Purnami Wulanjati; Lucia Dhiantika Witasari; Nastiti Wijayanti; Aris Haryanto
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 6 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220629

Abstract

Abstract. Wulanjati MP, Witasari LD, Wijayanti N, Haryanto A. 2021. Recombinant fusion protein expression of Indonesian isolate Newcastle disease virus in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Biodiversitas 22: 3249-3255. Newcastle disease is a major problem in poultry industry due to high mortality of susceptible chicken. New vaccine agents are important to be developed to eliminate the disease threat. This study aimed to examine the expression of fusion (F) protein of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) from Indonesian isolates in E. coli BL21(DE3) by IPTG induction. The sample was a part of F gene of NDV from Galur, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia (0663/04/2013) with a molecular size of 600 bp that was synthesized and inserted into pBT7-N-His expression vector. The recombinant F protein with molecular weight of 25.6 kDa was successfully expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3), purified using Ni-NTA magnetic silica beads, and confirmed by western blotting. Optimization of expression showed that recombinant F protein was optimally expressed by induction of 1.0 mM IPTG when the cells reached OD600 = 0.6. The induction duration was 8 h. B-cell epitopes prediction showed that F protein possessed four epitopes that possibly recognized by B-cell. Since recombinant F protein was considered to possess immunogenicity, its potency as a candidate of NDV vaccine agent should be investigated in the future.
Diversity analysis, identification, and bioprospecting of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) isolated from Sumbawa horse milk KHADIJAH ALLIYA FIDIEN; Baso Manguntungi; LINDA SUKMARINI; APON ZAENAL MUSTOPA; LITA TRIRATNA; FATIMAH FATIMAH; KUSDIANAWATI KUSDIANAWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 6 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220639

Abstract

Abstract. Fidien KA, Manguntungi B, Sukmarini L, Mustopa AZ, Triratna L, Fatimah, Kusdianawati. 2021. Diversity analysis, identification, and bioprospecting of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) isolated from Sumbawa horse milk. Biodiversitas 22: 3333-3340. Sumbawa horse milk has a probiotic potential because of the presence of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). The LAB present in Sumbawa horse milk has been reported to have antimicrobial activities against pathogenic bacteria, including Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Vibrio cholerae. However, the potential of LAB from Sumbawa horse milk as antioxidant and antidiabetic is still unexplored. Studies related to the diversity of indigenous bacteria in Sumbawa horse milk based on metagenomic analysis have not been widely studied either. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the diversity of species of indigenous bacteria in Sumbawa horse milk and to identify LAB bioprospecting from Sumbawa horse milk. The diversity of indigenous bacterial species was investigated by the 16S rRNA gene-targeted metagenomic approach from bacterial DNA isolated from Sumbawa horse milk. The identification of LAB was also carried out by the 16S rRNA gene identification method. LAB bioprospecting on antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH method, while the antidiabetic activity was measured using the ?-glucosidase inhibition assay. The diversity analysis of indigenous bacteria based on 16S rRNA gene-based metagenomic revealed at least 7 phyla were relatively abundant in Sumbawa horse milk. The greatest abundance was shown by the phylum Proteobacteria (0.641%) and Firmicutes (0.327%). Enterococcus durans (39.01%) was the species that had the highest abundance in Sumbawa horse milk, followed by Lactococcus garvieae (30.13%) and Lactococcus lactis (19.85%). Moreover, based on the identification of the 16S rRNA gene, eight LAB isolates had similarities to bacterial strains, including Enterococcus faecium DSM 20477, E. faecium NBRC 100486, E. faecium ATCC 19434, E. durans 98D, E. faecalis ATCC 19433, E. faecalis NRBC 100480, Lactococcus lactis subsp. hordniae NBRC 100931 and L. garvieae JCM 10343 with similarity levels of more than 98%. In terms of LAB bioprospecting, the antioxidant assay showed the highest DPPH radical binding activity by L. garvieae L.22PR (43%). Meanwhile, the highest inhibitory activity of ?-glucosidase was shown by E. faecium G.6PR (45%).
Compendium of plants used for preparation of traditional alcoholic beverages by four major ethnic communities of Assam, northeast India Dipankar Borah; TRIDIP GOGOI; JINTU SARMA; PUNAM JYOTI BORAH; BICHITRA GOHAIN; CHIRANJIB MILI; ANKUR UPADHYAYA; JENIMA BASUMATARY; KASTURI NEOG; TONLONG WANGPAN; SUMPAM TANGJANG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 4 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220451

Abstract

Abstract. Borah D, Gogoi T, Sarma J, Borah PJ, Gohain B, Mili C, Upadhyaya A, Basumatary J, Neog K, Wangpan T, Tangjang S. 2021. Compendium of plants used for preparation of traditional alcoholic beverages by different major ethnic communities of Assam, Northeast India. Biodiversitas 22: 2019-2031. This paper deals with the ethnobotanical research on the preparation of traditional alcoholic beverages by Ahom, Bodo, Karbi and Mishing ethnic communities of Assam, India. Along with the information on preparation, the plant species associated with the preparation of alcoholic beverages are also recorded. Field investigations were conducted to cover 32 villages of six districts of Assam, India. The data was generated from 202 respondents using participatory rural appraisal tools including semi-structured questionnaires and personal interviews. The plant species were collected, identified and submitted in the Herbarium of Rajiv Gandhi University, Arunachal Pradesh, India. The study recorded 129 plants falling under 107 genera and 54 families which are exclusively used for the preparation of alcoholic beverages by the studied communities. The study confirmed that the association of traditional alcoholic beverages with their rich indigenous knowledge.. The finding also revealed varied forms of protocol followed by these tribes to prepare traditional liquors and the starter cakes for brewing of alcohol were prepared locally. However, the Mishing tribe was known to prepare unique rice beer known as Po:ro apong, as the preparation technique and extraction process of this liquor was slightly different. Distillation of alcohol was also observed in all the communities except the Ahom. The rich traditional knowledge of brewing alcohol and the plant species used in the process were worth documenting considering the on-going alteration of traditional society with the modernization.
Species of white-tailed forest rats hunted and traded, their conservation status and habitat characteristics, in North Sulawesi, Indonesia Sylvia Laatung; Asnath Maria Fuah; Burhanuddin Masy'ud; Cece Sumantri; Salundik Dohong
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 7 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220727

Abstract

Abstract. Laatung S, Fuah AM, Masy’ud B, Sumantri C, Salundik. 2021. Species of white-tailed forest rats hunted and traded, their conservation status and habitat characteristics, in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2778-2784. The tradition of hunting and trading white-tailed forest rats, especially in North Sulawesi, has been practiced for generations. This poses a threat to the existence of these animals in their natural habitat leading to the extinction of some hunted species. In the past, studies on white-tailed rats being hunted and traded on Sulawesi is still lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the species of white-tailed forest rats hunted and traded, their conservation status and habitat characteristics in North Sulawesi. This study was conducted in April to June 2018 in Minahasa and Bolaang Mongondow District, North Sulawesi. The survey methods used involved visiting hunters, recording and taking pictures of the species of rats being hunted and traded. All samples of white-tailed rats were identified in the Zoological Laboratory, Indonesian Institute of Sciences Cibinong Bogor, West Java. Furthermore, ascertaining the general characteristics of the habitat was carried out using a general survey in locations known as distribution areas in North Sulawesi. The identification of 125 individuals consists of 8 species of white-tailed forest rats from 7 genera, which are commonly hunted. They include Rattus xanthurus (Gray, 1867), Bunomy fratrorum (Thomas, 1896), Lenomys meyeri (Jentink, 1879), Paruromys dominator (Thomas, 1921), Echiotrix leucura (Gray, 1879), Taeromys taerae (Sody, 1932), Maxomys hellwaldi (Jentink, 1879) and Maxomys musschenbrooki (Jentink, 1878). Four out of the eight species of white-tailed forest rats are protected species according to the IUCN Redlist. The white-tailed forest rats identified in this study, were caught in secondary forest and plantation, ranging from an altitude of 500 - 1.500 meters above sea level. Their main sources of feed include Areca catechu, Piper aduncum, Ficus spp., and Arenga piñnata.
Incorporation of pectin during biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose by Gluconacetobacter xylinus InaCC B404: Possibility for producing green food packaging Sukmiyati Agustin; Endang Tri Wahyuni; Suparmo Suparmo; Supriyadi Supriyadi; Muhammad Nur Cahyanto
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 5 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220512

Abstract

Abstract. Agustin S, Wahyuni ET, Suparmo, Supriyadi, Cahyanto MN. 2021. Incorporation of pectin during biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose by Gluconacetobacter xylinus InaCC B404: Possibility for producing green food packaging. Biodiversitas 22: 2548-2553. Bacterial cellulose-pectin biocomposite is developed as a potential environmentally friendly food packaging material. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of pectin supplementation to the growth medium of Gluconacetobacter xylinus on the properties of the biocomposite produced. Pectin was added into the growth medium at different concentrations, i.e.: 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% (w/v). The bacterial cellulose-pectin biocomposites produced were analyzed for structure, mechanical strength, crystallinity, morphology, color and opacity. FTIR analysis suggested that interaction between bacterial cellulose and pectin was hydrogen bonding. Generally, pectin addition decreased the crystallinity, tensile strength, tear strength and lightness of biocomposite produced. The tensile and tear strength of bacterial cellulose-pectin biocomposites were in the range of 23.05-25.72 MPa and 13.30-15.72 g/?m respectively, comparable to those conventional non-biodegradable plastics such as high-density polyethylene and low-density polyethylene with opacity much lower than HDPE. These results suggesting the possibility of cellulose-pectin biocomposite as semi-translucent green food packaging.
The performance and genetic variation of first and second generation tropical alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Bambang Suwignyo; LUKMANA ARIFIN; NAFIATUL UMAMI; MUHLISIN MUHLISIN; BAMBANG SUHARTANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 6 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220631

Abstract

Abstract. Suwignyo B, Arifin L, Umami N, Muhlisin, Suhartanto B. 2021. The performance and genetic variation of first and second generation tropical alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Biodiversitas 22: 3265-3270. This study aimed to compare the growth performance, nutrient content, seed viability, and genetic variation of first- and second-generation alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). First and second-generation alfalfa seeds were obtained from the Forage and Pasture Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Yogyakarta, Indonesia. First generation alfalfa (F1) seeds were obtained from cross breeding of two different parental alfalfa varieties, namely, Canadian and local. The second-generation (F2) seeds were obtained from plants of the first-generation alfalfa (F1). A randomized design experiment was conducted using the two types of alfalfa (first- and second generation). Alfalfa from Canada as female parent was used as the baseline in the genetic masker test. Seeds were planted in a polybag, watered twice a day, and received 12 hours of daylight and 4 hours of artificial light. Plants were then harvested 8 weeks after planting by cutting the plant canopy. Genetic variation was examined using the Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) method followed by descriptive analysis. Germination, plant height, dry matter content, organic matter, and crude protein were assessed as variables using a Student’s T-test. Our results showed that germination, plant height, leaf color, and nutrient content (dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein) of the first- and second-generation alfalfa plants were not significantly different. However, the second-generation alfalfa demonstrated better seed viability than the first generation plants, then it can be categorized as a new genotype (tropical alfalfa) based on genetic variation analysis.
Morphological characteristics and nutritional value of binthe kiki, a local maize variety from Gorontalo, Indonesia Jusna Ahmad; NOVRI YOULA KANDOWANGKO; MARGARETHA SOLANG; ERWIN NADJAMUDIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 8 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220852

Abstract

Abstract. Ahmad J, Kandowangko NY, Solang M, Najamuddin E. 2021. Morphological characteristics and nutritional value of binthe kiki, a local maize variety from Gorontalo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3523-3529. Gorontalo is among the coastal areas in Tomini bay with diverse varieties of local maize. Despite that, the population of local maize has seen a steady decline over the years. A literature study reports that local maize has adapted well to the environment in which it grows. Local maize is also hailed by the community as a source of food, animal feed, and the main ingredient of traditional medicines. The present study aims to investigate the morphological characteristics and nutritional value of binthe kiki local maize variety. Employing a quantitative descriptive method, the data of morphological characteristics were collected by referring to the maize descriptor guidelines, while the data of the nutritional value of maize kernels (regarding the proximate and mineral contents) were analyzed by referring to the Indonesian National Standard and Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) standards. The findings show that the morphological characteristics of binthe kiki variety are as follows: (i) an average plant height of 161 cm; (ii) each stalk has three cobs with an average height of 119 cm; (iii) an average stalk circumference of 6.35 cm; (iv) an average of 12 leaves per stalk; (v) 71.12 cm of an average length of leaves; (vi) 5.21 cm of an average width of leaves; (vii) the direction of the leaf blade, on average, is slightly curved; (viii) the average leaf tip is pointed; (ix) an average cob length of 8.4 cm; (x) an average cob diameter of 2.74 cm; (xi) an average cob weight (without husk) of 0.054 kg/cob; (xii) an average of 24 kernels per row; (xiii) an average weight per 1000 kernels of 145 gram. Binthe kiki variety has high contents of protein, carbohydrate, zinc, and calcium, yet it is low in fat contents compared to other varieties.
The roles of ameliorants on tree seedling growth for land rehabilitation Slamet Budi Yuwono; Alawiyah Alawiyah; Melya Riniarti; Dermiyati Dermiyati
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 5 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220531

Abstract

Abstract. Yuwono SB, Alawiyah, Riniarti M, Dermiyati. 2021. The roles of ameliorants on tree seedling growth for land rehabilitation. Biodiversitas 22: 2706-2714. Revegetation of the limestone post-mining land using trees with ameliorants is expected to improve land quality and soil biodiversity. This research aimed to accelerate the seedling growth of tree species namely sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria), agarwood or gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis), and acacia (Acacia mangium) on limestone post-mining soil media by applying various types of ameliorants. The experimental design was a Completely Randomized Design consisting of 7 treatments with three replications, namely P0 (without ameliorant or control), P1 (humic acid [HA], 4 kg ha-1), P2 (phosphate rocks [PR], 350 kg ha-1), P3 (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi [AMF], 500 spores plant-1), P4 (HA+AMF), P5 (PR+ AMF), and P6 (HA+PR+AMF). The variance analysis of data were done at the significance level of 0.05 and continued with the LSD test. The combination of ameliorants HA and AMF gave the highest root nodules number in 3-month-old P. falcataria with the percentage of effective nodules in absorbing N of 100% at 12 weeks after planting. Ameliorant application did not affect the root nodule number, the percentage of effective nodules, and the percentage of root infection by mycorrhizae in 3-month-old A. mangium. The combination of ameliorants PR and AMF gave the highest percentage of root infection by mycorrhizae in 4-month-old A. malaccensis. The tree dependence level on mycorrhizae was categorized as highly dependent on A. malaccensis, marginally dependent on P. falcataria, and independent on A. mangium.

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