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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Potential of invasive alien species Clidemia hirta as antibacterial against Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus Mentari Putri Pratami; Miftahul Huda Fendiyanto; Rizky Dwi Satrio; I Dewa Ketut Kerta Widana; Isna Arofatun Nikmah; Nastiti Intan Permata Sari; Mo Awwanah; Nadya Farah; Didi Darmadi
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 6 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220643

Abstract

Abstract. Pratami MP, Fendiyanto MH, Satrio RD, Widana IDKK, Nikmah IA, Sari NIP, Awwanah M, Farah N, Darmadi D. 2021. Potential of invasive alien species Clidemia hirta as antibacterial against Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. Biodiversitas 22: 3363-3369. Clidemia hirta D. Don is an invasive alien species (IAS) that is a threat to biodiversity in tropical country particularly Indonesia, and remains underutilized to date. Conversely, prevalence of typhus in Indonesia is generally higher every year. Thus, the aim of this study was to detect phytochemicals in ethanolic and aqueous extracts of C. hirta and their antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. The research methods included sample identification, generating the simplicia, determination of water content, extraction, phytochemical screening tests, and antibacterial activity tests. Identification was made based on morphological characteristics. The water content in the dried powder of simplicia was 12.26 ± 0.39%. Phytochemical results showed that 70% ethanol extract of C. hirta contained flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoids compounds. In addition, aqueous extract of C. hirta showed positive results on flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids tests. Antibacterial activity results showed that ethanolic extracts of C. hirta inhibited S. typhi and S. aureus at all concentrations, while aqueous extract inhibited bacterial growth in only 12.5% ??and 25% concentrations. These findings indicate that C. hirta has antibacterial activity that inhibits S. typhi and S. aureus. This information can be used for adding preliminary data to metabolite interest researchers, i.e., biologists and biotechnologists in the future.
Antimicrobial resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from subclinical mastitis in Ettawa Crossbred goat (PE) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia widodo suwito; WIDAGDO SRI NUGROHO; AGNESIA ENDANG TRI HASTUTI WAHYUNI; BAMBANG SUMIARTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 6 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220650

Abstract

Abstract. Suwito W, Nugroho WS, Wahyuni AETH, Sumiarto B. 2021. Antimicrobial resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from subclinical mastitis in Ettawa Crossbred goat (PE) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3418-3422. Subclinical mastitis (SCM) in Ettawa Crossbred Goat (PE) is most frequently caused by staphylococci with a significant reduction in milk yield. The aim of this study is to determine antimicrobial resistance patterns of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) from PE goat SCM. A total of 36 CoNS isolates originating from PE goat SCM were collected in semisolid tube use in this study. All CoNS isolates were further examined for antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Antibiotic susceptibility of CoNS isolated samples according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The CoNS isolates showed the highest resistance rate against sulfamethoxazole (65%), ampicillin (55.56%), penicillin (45%), cefoxitin (33.33%), erythromycin (25%), oxytetracycline (20%), tetracycline (15%), gentamicin and neomycin (11.11%), while oxacillin was sensitive. The highest of multiple antimicrobials resistance observed 15% in ampicillin, penicillin and tetracycline, then 5-10% in ampicillin, penicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline and oxytetracycline. The majority of CoNS in this study were resistant to sulfamethoxazole and then, followed by ampicillin, penicillin, cefoxitin, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, gentamicin and neomycin. In addition, most isolates were penicillin-resistant and multidrug-resistant (MDR).
Cost-effective bacteria-based bionematicide formula to control the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. on tomato plants Iis Nur Asyiah; JEKTI PRIHATIN; Ahda Dwi Hastuti; Sugeng Winarso; Lenny Widjayanthi; Dwi Nugroho; Kurniawan Firmansyah; Ankardiansyah Pandu Pradana
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 6 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220630

Abstract

Abstract. Asyiah IN, Prihatin J, Hastuti AD, Winarso S, Widjayanthi L, Nugroho D, Firmansyah K, Pradana AP. 2021. Cost-effective bacteria-based bionematicide formula to control root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. in tomato plants. Biodiversitas 22: 3256-3264. The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne spp. can infect and cause loss production in various horticultural plants, including tomatoes. In the previous study, we found 3 endophytic bacteria isolates and 1 rhizobacterium isolate that could control several plant-parasitic nematodes. In this study, we formulated these bionematicide isolates with cheap and environmentally friendly organic materials. The formula was fortified using several organic matters, vitamin sources, protein sources, and sugar sources. The research was conducted in an experimental land with a history of severe root-knot nematode infection. The analysis showed that there were 63.7 J2 Meloidogyne spp. per 100 ml of soil on the experimental land. The application was given at a time interval of 2 weeks at the concentration of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%, with a dose of 100 ml per plant. As a negative control, the plant did not give any treatments, and as a positive control, the plant was given 5 g carbofuran per plant. The results revealed that treatment with 2% bionematicide formula concentration showed the best consistent result. This treatment increased canopy wet weight by 38.63% and root dry weight by 106.97% compared to negative control. The P4 treatment was also found effective to increase fruit weight by 33.61% and fruit diameter by 26.16% as compared to negative control. Increased plant growth in P4 treatment was closely related to the total of root-knot suppression and root damage intensity. In the P4 treatment, the total of root-knots and root damage intensities was 44.83% and 32.66%, respectively, compared to the negative control. This suppression also occurred in the nematode population and nematode eggs. In the P4 treatment, the total of Meloidogyne spp. J2 in soil and root was lower by 60.74% and 66.24%, respectively, compared to the negative control. A similar phenomenon also occurred in the total of eggs, which was 79.40% lower than the total of eggs in the negative control. This study provides the latest information about a cost-effective bacteria-based bionematicide formula, which is effective in suppressing Meloidogyne spp. infection in tomato, and promotes the growth and development tomato plant.
Genomewide SNP marker identification associated with drought tolerance in oil palm Dwi Yono; Yogo Adhi Nugroho; Zulfikar Achmad Tanjung; Condro Utomo; Tony Liwang
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 6 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220616

Abstract

Abstract. Yono D, Nugroho YA, Tanjung ZA, Utomo C, Liwang T. 2021. Genomewide SNP marker identification associated with drought tolerance in oil palm. Biodiversitas 22: 3138-3144. Drought stress is one of the abiotic stresses that frequently occurred in the oil palm plantation and has a negative impact on fresh fruit bunch (FFB) production.  Therefore, drought-tolerant palms are essential to be selected to mitigate this challenge. In Indonesia, several oil palm plantation areas have a dry climate, such as Lampung province.  Distinct yield performance palms were identified from well-recorded agronomic trials in these areas, where the palms are frequently exposed to drought stresses every year and lead them to suffer from water deficit response.  Group of high and low-yielding palms was selected based on FFB production of each palm for at least ten constitutive years. The double digest restriction amplified DNA (ddRAD) genotyping methods were used to capture the Single Nucleotide Polymorph (SNP) variant from pools of sample association datasets.  At least, 538k SNPs were identified from these pooled datasets. A bulked segregant analysis with a Case-Control approach was implemented to screen the contrast SNP profiles between both pools. A total of 56 association signals was selected from sequential filtering. These SNP sites are located in 21 genes. Further SNP validation and phenotypic verification are necessary to obtain SNPs marker for drought-tolerant palm selections.
Short Communication: Using ecological parameters to assess the sustainability of mangrove ecotourism in Jeneponto, South Sulawesi, Indonesia HARDIANTY ASKAR; HAMZAH TAHANG; SUTINAH SUTINAH; SITTI FAKHRIYYAH; AHMAD BAHAR; JOEHARNANI TRESNATI; Ambo Tuwo
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 8 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220858

Abstract

Abstract. Askar H, Tahang H, Sutinah S, Fakhriyyah S, Bahar A, Tresnati J, Tuwo A. 2021. Short Communication: Using ecological parameters to assess the sustainability of mangrove ecotourism in Jeneponto, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3571-3577. Mangrove forest is an essential ecosystem that provides various ecosystem services. Among various land use management in mangrove areas, ecotourism is considered as a sustainable economic activity that can improve socio-economic benefits while conserving the mangrove ecosystem. Therefore, ecotourism management must refer to sustainable development principles. This study aims to assess the sustainability status of mangrove forests in Idaman Mangrove Ecotourism in Balang Baru Village, Tarowang Sub-district, Jeneponto District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia using some parameters including the extent, density and diversity of mangrove vegetation, tidal height and animal biota that occurred in the mangroves. The study used line transect method and quadrat transect, and the data were analyzed using Rapfish (Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries) method. The study indicated that the sustainability status of IME for the ecological dimension was in the entirely sustainable category with an ecological dimension value was 58.50. While the mangrove is currently managed sustainably, to go further, it requires all stakeholders' cooperation in improving the dimensions of sustainability, which had a low value, especially the mangrove trees thickness.
Local knowledge and practices towards the ecological restoration of selected landscape in Atok, Benguet, Philippines LEILA LANDICHO; Maria Theresa Nemesis Ocampo; Rowena Esperanza Cabahug; Maryanne Abadillos; Russel Son Cosico; Arnold Karl Castillo; Ma. Armie Janica Ramirez; Kenneth Laruan
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 7 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220728

Abstract

Abstract. Landicho LD, Ocampo MTNP, Cabahug RED, Abadillos MG, Cosico RSA, Castillo AKA, Ramirez MAJP, Laruan KA. 2021. Local knowledge and practices towards the ecological restoration of selected landscape in Atok, Benguet, Philippines. Biodiversitas 22: 2785-2794. This study argues that local ecological knowledge and practices contribute to forest conservation and management efforts. This argument is based on the research conducted in upland communities in Atok, Benguet, Philippines. Interviews, farm visits, and focus group discussions revealed that the local communities have been dependent on the forest resources within the watershed in their agricultural production activities. These local communities employed their knowledge and practices towards restoring the ecological state of the watershed. These include the integration of trees on the farm, planting of Alnus japonica for soil and water conservation, the establishment of structural soil and water conservation, maintenance of communal forests, and awareness building among the youth on forest conservation and management. A moderate level of biodiversity and evenness index were in the conservation of giant tree ferns. A very low (0.9718) diversity index and a very high (0.825) evenness index were recorded in the farm lots, while a very low (0.437) diversity index and moderate (0.421) evenness index were measured in the communal forests. On the other hand, high soil organic matter contents of 6.49% and 5.86% were recorded both at the community and farm lots, respectively. Results imply the need to sustain the use of local knowledge and practices in combination with the technological interventions from academia and research institutions to enhance the ecological restoration of forest landscapes.
Agarwood formation in Aquilaria beccariana and Aquilaria microcarpa in response to inoculation of newly isolated fungi from Brunei Darussalam YUMNI HAZIQAH MOHAMMAD; Pooja Shivanand; Faizah Metali; Hussein Taha; NUR BAZILAH AFIFAH MATUSSIN; ABDUL MUIZZ AL-AZIM ABDUL-HALIM; ABDUL ZUL’ADLY MOHAIMIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 10 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221002

Abstract

Abstract. Mohammad YH, Shivanand P, Metali F, Taha H, Matussin NBA, Abdul-Halim AMA, Mohaimin AZ. 2021. Agarwood formation in Aquilaria beccariana and Aquilaria microcarpa in response to inoculation of newly isolated fungi from Brunei Darussalam. Biodiversitas 22: 4131-4138. Aquilaria is an important agarwood-producing tree, but naturally occurring agarwood is rare. Artificial induction method is the most commonly used to produce agarwood in a short time. Out of the 21 species of Aquilaria, Brunei Darussalam houses two species that produce high quality agarwood, namely Aquilaria beccariana and A. microcarpa. The aims of this study are to artificially induce agarwood formation using eight different induction treatments: six fungal inoculant treatments with two control treatments, and to isolate and identify fungal strains from naturally infected agarwood tree using DNA barcoding. Agarwood formation was observed at four different time intervals i.e. 1, 3, 6 and 9 months of post-inoculation. Results exhibited that the area and the total length of discoloration zone were significantly greater at 6 and 9 months of incubation period. Induction treatment did not significantly affect the area and the total length of discoloration. FTIR analysis revealed that two aromatic compounds (C – H and C – C stretching) were detected at the wavelength ranges of 3000 – 2800 cm-1, and 1500 – 1400 cm-1 respectively, and OH group was detected at 3600 – 3400 cm-1.  Nine fungal strains from Aspergillus, Fusarium, Mucor and Trichosporon were isolated and identified from a naturally infected agarwood, and the last two fungi (Mucor and Trichosporon) were never been previously reported.
Short Communication: The correlation between foot circumference with the body length, shoulder height, and pelvic width in Sumatran elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus) HERY WIJAYANTO; DENY SETYO WIBOWO; RINI WIDAYANTI; TRI WAHYU PANGESTININGSIH; WORO DANUR WENDO; MACHMUD ASVAN; ANASTASIA STEPHANIE GUNAWAN; Marcel Wirabrata
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 7 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220711

Abstract

Abstract. Wijayanto H, Wibowo DS, Widayanti R, Pangestiningsih TW, Wendo WD, Asvan M, Gunawan AS, Wirabrata M. 2021. Short Communication: The correlation between foot circumference with the body length, shoulder height, and pelvic width in Sumatran elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus). Biodiversitas 22: 2635-2640. Sumatran elephants' body measurement is essential in conservation practices to perceive health status and determining medication doses. Considering elephants' size, the mahouts doing the recording can easily get harmed during their interaction with their animal. Therefore, easier method to shortening interaction time is urgently needed in estimating elephants' size. The aim of the research is to find out the correlations between forefoot and hindfoot circumference (FFC and HFC) with the body length (BL), shoulder height (SH), and pelvic width (PW) in Sumatran elephants. The correlation formula will very much reduce the time needed to measure the elephant size, since the mahouts only need to measure the foot circumference left by the elephant on the ground to predict BL, SH, and PW. The anatomical data were collected from adult elephants in Aceh, Safari Park Indonesia, Gembira Loka Zoo, Borobudur Park, and PLG Duri Pekanbaru. Measurements were done using modified Vernier calipers and roll meters, referring to standardized methods. The data then calculated using correlation and linear-regression test. From the results, we found that the FFC has very strong correlation with SH (R=0.809) and strong correlations with BL (R=0.769) and PW(R=0.73). Results from the HFC show very strong correlation with PW (R=0.826) and strong correlations with BL (R=0.775) and SH (R=0.747). In the conclusion, the foot circumference is very useful to predict the elephant's size and can much reduce the mahouts' risk by minimizing interaction time needed in elephant’s body measurement. For the field researcher, they are not necessary to meet with the elephants to predict the elephant’s size in the wild.
Diversity of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt on Eucalyptus pellita in Indonesia Bayo Alhusaeri Siregar; Giyanto Giyanto; Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat; Iskandar Zulkarnain Siregar; Budi Tjahjono
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 6 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220664

Abstract

Abstract. Siregar BA, Giyanto, Hidayat SH, Siregar IZ, Tjahjono B. 2021. Diversity of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt on Eucalyptus pellita in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2538-2545. The Ralstonia species complex was initially classified into five races and five biovars but the classification could not accommodate the isolates' phylogenetic history or geographic origins. A phylotype and sequevar system is based on the geographic distribution and characteristics of endoglucanase (egl) and hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp) gene sequences. This study aims to describe pathogen diversity of the causal agent of bacterial wilt on Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. Pathogens were isolated from wilting seedlings and trees in several Eucalyptus plantations. The phenotypic diversity analysis included biovar, exopolysaccharide quantification and virulence tests, while genotypic diversity included phylotypes and sequevar determination based on egl gene sequences. A total of 35 strains were isolated from the field and nurseries of Eucalyptus in various locations. All isolates were confirmed as Ralstonia species complex based on morphological characteristics and molecular studies using species-specific primers. These isolates were dominantly classified as biovar 3 and 4 and had a high variation on virulence and EPS production. Based on the egl sequence's alignment, 29 strains of Phylotype I are grouped into four sequevar references (sequevars 14, 17, 18, 30) and new a sequevar 58. This study shows that strains of R. pseudosolanacearum causing bacterial wilt on E. pellita in Indonesia have high phenotypic and genotypic diversities.
Ethnobotanical study of plants used as food and for maternal health care by the Malays communities in Kampar Kiri Hulu, Riau, Indonesia Ratna Susandarini; Uswatun Khasanah; Nurma Rosalia
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 6 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220613

Abstract

Abstract. Susandarini R, Khasanah U, Rosalia N. 2021. Ethnobotanical study of plants used as food and for maternal health care by the Malays communities in Kampar Kiri Hulu, Riau, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3111-3120. Studies to reveal the diversity of food plants on communities living in remote areas with limited access to the market are important as an effort in documenting the traditional knowledge. The same applies to the diversity of medicinal plants used in maternal health care for communities that have limited access to public health facilities. The documentation of ethnobotanical knowledge is not only for the purpose of developing the potential of these plants, but also could have an impact on their conservation in nature. This study aims to document the traditional knowledge on the diversity of food plants and medicinal plants used in maternal health care by Malays tribes living within the Bukit Rimbang Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve, Kampar Kiri Hulu Subdistrict, Kampar District, Riau Province, Indonesia. The research was conducted in three villages by collecting data through interviews and followed by fieldwork to collect plant specimens for identification. Data on food plant diversity data were obtained from 20 informants, while data on the diversity and use of medicinal plants for maternal health care were obtained from 73 informants. The results showed that there were 76 species of food plants from 35 families. These food plants were used as secondary food ingredients, vegetables, fruit and spices with most of these plants were obtained from the yard of the house. Plants used for maternal health care identified from this study were 34 species from 26 families. These plants were used for various purposes during pregnancy, child delivery, postpartum recovery, and infant health care. The diversity of food plants and medicinal plants for maternal health care documented in this study showed the valuable role of plant resources in supporting daily needs and health care of the communities living in the fringe of forest area.

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