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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Growth and reproductive biology of white-spotted rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus) on different seagrass habitats in Inner Ambon Bay, Indonesia Husain Latuconsina; M. Mukhlis Kamal; Ridwan Affandi; Nurlisa A Butet
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230133

Abstract

Abstract. Latuconsina H, Kamal MM, Affandi R, Butet NA. 2021. Growth and reproductive biology of White-spotted rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus) on different seagrass habitats in Inner Ambon Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 273-285. Seagrass meadows are one of the important habitats for Siganus canaliculatus. This study aimed to compare the growth and reproductive biology of S. canaliculatus in different seagrass habitats on the Inner Ambon Bay. A fish sampling was observed once a month for a year (15 August 2018-20 July 2019) using a beach seine. The data analysis included growth patterns, condition factors, sex ratio, gonadal maturity, gonado somatic index, size at first maturity, and fecundity. The study results obtained body Length and weight varied between seagrass habitats, with an isometric growth pattern. The equation W: 0.0105 L3,1007 male and W: 0.0165L2,9444 female in mixed vegetation, while for monospecific vegetation, male W: 0.0109L3,0891 and female W: 0.0143L3,0067. The value of condition factors, sex ratio, size at first maturity, and fecundity differed between seagrass habitats. The range of fecundity is 198,000-783,750 eggs, and there is a positive relationship between body length and weight with fecundity. A technical approach to fisheries management is needed, namely: (i) the size at first maturity is used as a reference for the size of fish that can be caught, and (ii) determination of mixed vegetation seagrass as a conservation area; and monospecific vegetation as fishing grounds.
Genetic diversity and population structure of the boring giant clam (Tridacna crocea) in Kei Islands, Maluku, Indonesia AGUS KUSNADI; DEDY KURNIANTO; HAWIS MADDUPPA; NEVIATY P. ZAMANI; PUTRI SAPIRA IBRAHIM; UDHI E. HERNAWAN; RISNITA TRI UTAMI; TEDDY TRIANDIZA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230311

Abstract

Abstract. Kusnadi A, Kurnianto D, Madduppa H, Zamani NP, Ibrahim PS, HernawanU E, Utami RT, Triandiza T. 2022. Genetic diversity and population structure of the boring giant clam (Tridacna crocea) in Kei Islands, Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1273-1282. Giant clams (Tridacninae) are ecologically important species in the coral reef ecosystems. They provide valuable functionsto traditional fisheries in Kei Islands, Maluku. However, their population isunder great pressure due to anthropogenic threats, such as overfishing and habitat degradation. To provide important data for devising effective conservation management strategies for giant clams, we investigated genetic diversity and population structure of the boring giant clams Tridacna croceain Kei Islands based on partial mitochondrial COI gene sequence. Tissue samples were collected from six sites: Kur, Dullah Laut, Tanimbar Kei, Dar, Labetawi, and Difur. We sequenced 477 base pairs of COI gene and identified 42 haplotypes and 52 polymorphic sites. Analysis of genetic diversity showed Dullah Laut and Dar had the highest genetic diversity. Population structure and genetic distance analysis showed unstructured populations with high genetic closeness among sites. This finding was also confirmed by the mixture pattern of the haplotype network. Further analysis using Bayesian models on gene flow revealed high genetic exchange among sites and that Dullah Population predominantly served as a source site for the other sites. This indicated a high probability of successful larval dispersal among sites. Based on these findings, we predict that the boring giant clams likely form a single population in Kei Islands. Our study warrants conservation priority for Dullah population as the main source of gene flow.
Diversity of endophytic fungi from the root bark of Syzygium zeylanicum, and the antibacterial activity of fungal extracts, and secondary metabolite Syarifah Syarifah; Elfita Elfita; HARY WIDJAJANTI; ARUM SETIAWAN; ALFIA R. KURNIAWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 10 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221051

Abstract

Abstract. Syarifah, Elfita, Widjajanti H, Setiawan A, Kurniawati AR. 2021. Diversity of endophytic fungi from the root bark of Syzygium zeylanicum, and the antibacterial activity of fungal extracts, and secondary metabolite. Biodiversitas 22: 4572-4582. The decoction of the root bark of Syzygium zeylanicum has been used as traditional medicine, such as for treating pathogenic bacterial infections. Endophytic fungi that live in medicinal plant tissues have a high species diversity and biological activities correlate with their host. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the diversity of endophytic fungi from the root bark of S. zeylanicum and to determine the antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi and their secondary metabolites. In this study, we isolate and identify the endophytic fungi from the root bark of S. zeylanicum, continued by screening their antibacterial activity against two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli InaCCB5 and Salmonella thypi ATCC1048 and two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus InaCCB4 and Bacillus subtilis InaCCB1204) by the Kirby-Bauer method. The fungal extract with the highest antibacterial activity proceeded with the isolation and determination of the structure of their bioactive compounds. The isolates were morphologically identified. Isolates that showed strong antibacterial activity were identified by molecular identification. Isolation of bioactive compounds was carried out by chromatographic techniques and the determination of the structure of pure chemical compounds was performed by the spectroscopic analysis. In total, there were 8 isolates of endophytic fungi were obtained from the root bark of S. zeylanicum, namely SZR1 – SZR8. SZR2 isolate has the highest antibacterial activity. Molecular identification through phylogenetic analysis showed that SZR2 isolate had high similarity with Penicillium brefeldianum. Isolation of bioactive compounds from SZR2 produced compound 1 in the form of light yellow crystals which showed strong antibacterial activity against S. typhi, E. coli, and B. subtilis with MIC values of 64 g/mL. Compound 1 was identified as p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, which was also obtained in its host. In conclusion, the endophytic fungus Penicillium brefeldianum produces similar secondary metabolites and antibacterial activity as its host plant.
Antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from the stem bark of jambu mawar (Syzygium jambos) KURRATUL ‘AINI; ELFITA ELFITA; HARY WIDJAJANTI; ARUM SETIAWAN; ALFIA R. KURNIAWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230156

Abstract

Abstract. ‘Aini K, Elfita, Widyajanti H, Setiawan A, Kurniawati AR. 2021. Antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from the stem bark of jambu mawar (Syzygium jambos). Biodiversitas 23: 521-532. Syzygium jambos (jambu mawar) is widely used in South Sumatra as a traditional medicine to treat various diseases, including pathogenic bacterial infections. Literature studies report that parts of S. jambos have been used worldwide for treating diarrhea accompanied by fever, dysentery, sore throat, diabetes, and other infectious diseases. Endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants have high diversity, and the biological activity of their secondary metabolites is associated with their host. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the diversity of endophytic fungi from the stem bark of S. jambos and the antibacterial activity of secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi. Fungal isolates with high antibacterial activity were identified to obtain fungal species, and the structure of their compounds was determined. The disc diffusion method carried the antibacterial activity test against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi) bacteria. Characteristics of endophytic fungi were identified microscopically and macroscopically. Active endophytic fungi were identified by molecular analysis of the internal transcribed region (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA. Isolation of antibacterial compounds using chromatographic techniques and determination of chemical structures using spectroscopy was performed. Eight endophytic fungi were obtained from the stem bark of S. jambos, namely SJ1–SJ8. The endophytic fungus SJ6 showed the highest activity and base on phylogenetic analysis, was identified as Fusarium verticillioides. Pure compounds isolated as yellowish-white solids showed good antibacterial activity against S. aureus and S. typhi with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 64 g/mL each. Based on 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis, compound 1 was identified as 3-hydroxy-4-(hydroxy(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2-on.
Degradation of phytic acid from tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) leaves using Lactobacillus bulgaricus at different fermentation times Roni Pazla; GUSRI YANTI; NOVIRMAN JAMARUN; Arief ARIEF; ELIHASRIDAS ELIHASRIDAS; LARAS SUKMA SUCITRA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 11 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221111

Abstract

Abstract. Pazla R, Yanti G, Jamarun N, Arief, Elihasridas, Sucitra LS. 2021. Degradation of phytic acid from tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) leaves using Lactobacillus bulgaricus at different fermentation times. Biodiversitas 22: 4794-4798. The aim of this study is to reduce high level of phytic acid in tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) leaves by fermentation technique using Lactobacillus bulgaricus. A completely randomized design consisting of four treatments (fermentation time) i.e. T2: 2 days, T3: 3 days, T4: 4 days and T5: 5 days and experiment was performed in four replicates. The parameters measured were pH, phytase enzyme activity, total bacterial colony, phytic acid content, and phytic acid degradation. The results showed that the fermentation time had a significant effect (P<0.05) on pH, phytase enzyme activity, total bacterial colony, phytic acid content, and phytic acid degradation. The conclusion of this study is that on fifth day (Treatment T5) fermented tithonia leaves produced the lowest levels of phytic acid (3.48 mg/ 100g) with the highest level of degradation (64.81%).
Species diversity, abundance, and wildlife conservation status in Batang Gadis National Park, North Sumatra, Indonesia IFHAM FUADI RAMBE; Ridahati Rambey; SAHLAN SIREGAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 11 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221157

Abstract

Abstract. Rambe IF, Rambey R, Siregar S. 2021. Species diversity, abundance, and wildlife conservation status in Batang Gadis National Park, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5189-5196. Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest biodiversity in the world. Furthermore, the biodiversity of floral and faunal species is still being monitored and maintained, one of which is in the forest of the National Park. Batang Gadis National Park is a habitat for various species of endemic Sumatran wildlife, most of which are endangered species in the world. Therefore, this study aimed to inventory wild animals and to calculate their abundance in the Batang Gadis National Park. The study used camera traps as recording devices that were installed on permanent and non-permanent plots based on evidential animal trajectories in the National Park Management Section Region III Resort 7 Forest of Ampung Padang Forest in 2018. In the permanent plot, 10 species were documented within nine families, namely the Felidae, Tapiridae, Cervidae, Viverridae, Ursidae, Tragulidae, Suidae, Tupaiidae, and the Cercopithecidae. The highest species abundance was Macaca nemestrina (36.17%), and the second-highest was Muntiacus muntjak Zimmermann (14.89%), and then Tapirus indicus Desmarest (10,64%). Also, the Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae Pocock) was in the fourth position with a value of 10.63% of species abundance. Meanwhile, the lowest abundance index value was from clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi Cuvier) with 2.12%. The abundance of species from the non-permanent plots using camera trap documented a total of 13 species with 12 families namely Felidae, Tapiridae, Cervidae, Hystricidae, Viverridae, Muridae, Phasianidae, Tragulidae, Suidae, Muscicapidae, Tupaiidae, and Cercopithecidae. The highest was documented from wild boar (Sus scrofa Linnaeus) at 42.48% and the second-highest species abundance was macaque (N. nemestrina) at 26.144%. The lowest species abundance index values were tapir (T. indicus) and Javan blue robin (Myiomela diana Lesson) with 0,33% and 0,33 %, respectively. The existence of documented wildlife species in our study affirmsed the importance of Batang Gadis National Park as a natural habitat for some key and protected species.
Multi-location evaluation of yield component character and proximate analysis of cowpea grown in Lampung Province, Indonesia Anung Wahyudi; Muhamad Syukur
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 10 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221015

Abstract

Abstract. Wahyudi A, Syukur M. 2021. Multi-location evaluation of yield component character and proximate analysis of cowpea grown in Lampung Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4246-4253. Cowpea has the potential to be developed in eastern Indonesia, especially Sulawesi, West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggara, and Maluku with an altitude of less than 1000 m above sea level. Cowpea is also able to adapt to acid soils, making it possible to be developed in the dry acid soils of Sumatra and Kalimantan. To identify genotypes of high-yielding cowpea suitable for lowland areas, it is necessary to evaluate the multi-location of superior cowpea genotypes in different agroecology in the region. Multi-site evaluation trials of plant cultivars are of great importance given the obvious inconsistencies in genotype performance across different environments. This study used materials consisting of 4 varieties produced by the IPB University (Albina, Tampi, Uno, Arghavan) and 3 varieties from Balitkabi (KT-1, KT-7, and KT-9). This research is part of the preparation for the release of cowpea new varieties. The statistical analysis of the new varieties (Albina, Tampi, Uno, and Arghavan) compared with control (KT-1, KT-7, and KT-9) showed significant differences in seed productivity, carbohydrate content in old seeds, flowering, harvesting age in young pods and dry seeds. This result indicated that Albina, Tampi, Uno, and Arghavan varieties were potential for the release of new cowpea varieties, especially in the lowland areas.
Diversity of species in making up Nike fish schools and a new record of Eleotris melanosoma in Tomini Paguyaman Bay, Gorontalo, Indonesia Femy M Sahami; Sitty Ainsyah Habibie
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 12 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221229

Abstract

Abstract. Sahami FM, Habibie SA. 2021. Diversity of species in making up Nike fish schools and a new record of Eleotris melanosoma in Tomini Paguyaman Bay, Gorontalo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5459-5467. Several estuaries in the waters of Tomini Bay are reported as the primary location for Nike fishing in Gorontalo; one of which is Paguyaman Bay. However, scientific information on Nike fish in the Tomini Bay waters is currently limited in Gorontalo Bay. The present study aims to determine the diversity of species in making up the Nike fish schools in Paguyaman Bay and show the types of constituent species whose distribution in Gorontalo waters has never been reported. A total of 1773 samples of Nike fish were collected from the sea to the estuary of Paguyaman Bay in one period of their emergence on April 8-10, 2021. The species were grouped based on the melanophore pattern’s similarity and then analyzed morphometrically. The molecular identification of COI mitochondrial DNA was performed on species with different morphological appearances from those found in Gorontalo Bay. The Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) indicated that the main distinguishing character of morphometrics is body depth. The morphological results suggested that the Nike fish schools in Paguyaman Bay consisted of seven species, four genera, and two families, i.e., Sicyopterus longifilis, S. parvei, S. cynocephalus, Stiphodon semoni, Belobranchus segura, B. belobranchus, and Eleotris melanosoma. The first finding of E. melanosoma as a species making up the Nike fish schools in Paguyaman Bay was a new variant of the distribution of this species in Gorontalo waters and confirmed using morphology and molecular analysis. Further, based on the species composition, Nike fish schools in the waters of Paguyaman Bay show a typical species dominance trend during the recruitment process returning to freshwater, i.e., S. longifilis (52%) on the first day, Belobranchus segura (63.27%) on the second day, and Stiphodon semoni (83.43%) on the third day.
Commensals of underground mammals: European mole (Talpa europaea, Eulipotyphla, Talpidae) and the greater mole-rat (Spalax microphthalmus, Rodentia, Spalacidae) IRINA STEPANOVA; Alexey Andreychev; RUSLAN KULAKHMETOV; EVGENY LOBACHEV
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 10 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221059

Abstract

Abstract. Stepanova I, Andreychev A, Kulakhmetov R, Lobachev E. 2021. Commensals of underground mammals: European mole (Talpa europaea, Eulipotyphla, Talpidae) and the greater mole-rat (Spalax microphthalmus, Rodentia, Spalacidae). Biodiversitas 22: 4665-4670. The study of lodgers of burrows of underground mammals was carried out using the method of hunting cylinders (cans). In the study, 29 different representatives from the following classes were identified in the courses of the greater mole-rat and European mole: Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Gastropoda, Insecta, Amphibia, and Mammalia. Among the vertebrates captured are Eurasian common shrew (Sorex araneus), Eurasian pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus), bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus), common spadefoot toad (Pelobates fuscus), moor frog (Rana arvalis), and common toad (Bufo bufo). Twenty-six different species have been identified among invertebrates. Many animals seek shelter in the burrows of underground mammals from enemies and adverse climatic factors for food or conditions for reproduction. In the central part of Russia, more species of commensals were found in European mole burrows (29) than in greater mole-rat burrows (21).
Seeds extract of three Artocarpus species: Their in-vitro antibacterial activities against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infections (UTIs) Muhammad Evy Prastiyanto
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 10 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221028

Abstract

Abstract. Prastiyanto ME. 2021. Seeds extract of three Artocarpus species: Their in-vitro antibacterial activities against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infections (UTIs). Biodiversitas 22: 4362-4368. Multidrug-resistant (MDR)-E. coli is a major cause and has become a very serious problem in urinary tract infections (UTIs). As a result, it requires an antibacterial agent derived from biological materials. It has been reported that the seeds of three species of Artocarpus (A. heterophyllous, A. champeden, and A. camansi) have antibacterial properties against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). However, there are three other Artocarpus species in Indonesia, i.e., keledang (A. lanceipolius), tarra (A. elasticus), and terap (A. Odoratissimus) whose antibacterial property has not been investigated. To minimize the research gap, this study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of seed extracts of A. lanceipolius, A. elasticus, and A. odoratissimus against MDR-E. coli isolates of UTIs. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion assay. The microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. The results revealed that the seed extracts of A. lanceipolius, A. elasticus, and A. odoratissimus have the potential as antibacterial agents against MDR-E. coli isolate of UTIs. A. elasticus seed extract shows the widest zone of inhibition in the range of 7.0-13.3 mm and the smallest MIC and MBC values ??of 6.25-12.5 mg/mL and 12.5-25 mg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, A. lanceipolius, A. elasticus, and A. odoratissimus seed extracts have the potential to be developed as antibacterial agents against UTI-causing MDR-E. coli. Further in vivo research and determining the mode of action of antibacterial activity are needed.

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