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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Microplastic contamination in Indonesian anchovies from fourteen locations ENDAR W. NINGRUM NINGRUM; MUFTI P. PATRIA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230116

Abstract

Abstract. Ningrum EW, Patria MP. 2021. Microplastic contamination in Indonesian anchovies from fourteen locations. Biodiversitas 23: 125-134. Microplastics in seawater can enter into the food chain of pelagic fish with subsurface foraging behavior such as anchovies (Stolephorus spp.). Anchovies are valuable commercial fish with high market demand. Hence, measuring potential marine pollutants in these fish is needed. Microplastics as marine contaminants are reportedly more dangerous if they occur together with other contaminants such as trace metals. This research aims to detect microplastic contaminants in anchovies caught in the Indonesia Sea. This research compared between the microplastic contamination on anchovies from 14 harbors: 6 in Western Indonesia (Meulaboh, Krui, Pangkalpinang, Muara Angke, Karimunjawa, and Sidoarjo) and 8 in Eastern Indonesia (Manado, Mamuju, Makassar, Kendari, Ambon, Sorong, Fakfak, and Waingapu). We isolated the digestive tracts of anchovies and measured their length and dry weight. The organic materials were digested with NaOH and a technical-grade sodium Laureth sulfate (SLES) solution approximately one week after collection. Microplastics were observed using a microscope and confirmed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). We found that most microplastic contaminants in anchovies were in fiber and film shapes. The majority of the sizes ranged from 50-500 ?m, followed by a range of 20-50 ?m. Microplastics were surprisingly high in samples from Mamuju (688±1.15 MPs idv-1) and Krui (645±7.02 MPs idv-1), higher than any contaminated biota ever reported for anchovies. As reported, anchovies from the Indonesia Sea are contaminated by microplastics. Moreover, human exposure to microplastic contaminants is possible and may affect consumer health in long-term exposure.
Methanol pigment extracts derived from two marine actinomycetes exhibit antibacterial and antioxidant activities DOVA KELVIN MESRIAN; WIDYA ESTI PURWANINGTYAS; RIKA INDRI ASTUTI; AKHMAD ENDANG ZAINAL HASAN; Aris Tri Wahyudi
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 10 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221037

Abstract

Abstract. Mesrian DK, Purwaningtyas WE, Astuti RI, Hasan AEZ, Wahyudi AT. 2021. Methanol pigment extracts derived from two marine actinomycetes exhibit antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Biodiversitas 22: 4440-4447. In recent years, natural pigments produced by marine microorganisms, especially actinomycetes, have become an important source of medically valuable drugs and other active compounds. Based on that crucial fact, this study aimed to determine the toxicity, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of methanolic pigment extract derived from marine actinomycetes HV11.P3 and SCA54.P2. Both extracts exhibited high toxicity activity based on Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). The results showed the lethal concentration 50% (LC50) values of actinomycetes HV11.P3 and SCA54.P2 pigment crude extracts were 94.60 µg/mL and 131.22 mg/mL, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of those extracts was also tested against several microbes and showed the best results for inhibiting against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Furthermore, we assessed the antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and the results showed the inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) values ??of actinomycetes HV11.P3 and SCA54.P2 pigment crude extracts were 231.08 µg/mL and 369.3 µg/mL, respectively. By using GC-MS analysis, we identified chemical compounds of actinomycete pigment crude extracts, revealing that the most dominant compounds were 1H-Purine-2,6-dione, 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl- (CAS) (44.65%) for HV11.P3 and 5-Methoxypyrrolidin-2-one (30.23%) for SCA54.P2. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that actinomycete HV11.P3 and actinomycete SCA54.P2 had the closest similarity to Micromonospora chalcea strain 1464-217L and Micromonospora tulbaghiae strain TVU1, respectively. This study revealed that two pigment crude extracts derived from actinimycetes HV11.P3 and SVA54.P2 had antibacterial, antioxidant, and toxicity activities. The actinomycete SCA54.P2 pigment crude extract had the best activity as an antibacterial against E. coli ATCC 8739, while actnomycete HV11.P3 pigment crude extract had the best activity as an antioxidant.
Conservation implication and traditional ecological knowledge on trading bird: A case study in Depok bird market in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia FEBRIANA KINANTHI PUTRI; FITRI ALICIA; HELENA JOAN NOVEN; MUCHAMMAD SHOLIQIN; WIDHI HIMAWAN; REVIDO AJI JAVARENDRA; NOR LIZA; RUHYAT PARTASASMITA; JOHAN ISKANDAR; DARLINA MD. NAIM; AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 12 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221260

Abstract

Abstract. Putri FK, Alicia F, Noven HJ, Sholiqin M, Himawan W, Javarendra RA, Liza N, Partasasmita R, Iskandar J, Naim DM, Setyawan AD. 2021. Conservation implication and traditional ecological knowledge on trading bird: A case study in Depok bird market in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5636-5647. Bird species have been the most popular animals in Indonesia for such a long time. Therefore, the demand for birds has been rising in urban areas. The bird species are usually traded, including selling and buying activities in urban bird markets. The increase of bird trading in Indonesia also increased Indonesian people's economic and social benefits. Consequently, there is a chance that many bird trading in bird markets are not managed carefully without preventing bird species extinction in rural ecosystems. This paper aimed to assess the conservation status of birds sold and the Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) of bird traders in Depok bird market in Surakarta (Solo), Central Java, Indonesia. The study used a qualitative method with the ethno-ornithological approach. The results showed that the diversity of birds encountered in the bird market of Depok was considered high, 55 species were recorded, representing 29 families. The Indonesian law protects seven bird species while 12 species are considered endemic. Moreover, 8 birds are included in IUCN Red List. The bird naming is based on particular categories agreed on in the local community. Furthermore, social involvement through education and local wisdom might profoundly impact conservation efforts to preserve the bird population.
Molecular based genetic diversity of Brongkol's superior durian germplasm of Semarang, Indonesia Christopher Nicholas Yoshuaki Prakoso; Amin Retnoningsih
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 12 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221211

Abstract

Abstract. Prakoso CNY, Retnoningsih A. 2021. Molecular based genetic diversity of Brongkol's superior durian germplasm of Semarang, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5311-5316. Durio zibethinus is an Indonesian most popular edible durian. This species' genetic diversity is the highest compared to other durian species. Brongkol Village, Semarang, Indonesia is one of the villages that produce superior durian varieties. Brongkol durian is well-known for its sweet and bitter taste of aril with its white to yellow color. This research aimed to analyze the diversity and to identify superior durian in Brongkol using ISSR molecular markers. DNA was isolated from the leaves of 25 varieties of Brongkol superior durian. The DN A was isolated using a modified CTAB method. The genomic DNA was amplified using PCR employing 7 ISSR markers. The amplified DNA band was visualized using a 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. Data were analyzed using the NTSYS’ pc version 2.02 program. The alleles produced in this study were 340-3,000 bp in size. The Polymorphic alleles were found as much as 90.2%. The results of study showed a similarity level of 0.29-0.95. All of the Brongkol superior durians were identified as different varieties. All of the superior Brongkol durians studied were identified as distinct varieties. The results of this study indicated a high diversity of superior durian in Brongkol. In addition, specific alleles were found in varieties B5 and B16.
The ecological and economic values of a 50 years old secondary forest in East Kalimantan, Indonesia Karmini Karmini; Karyati Karyati; Kusno Yuli Widiati
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 10 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221053

Abstract

Abstract. Karmini, Karyati, Widiati KY. 2021. The ecological and economic values of a 50 years old secondary forest in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4597-4607. Secondary forests in the tropics are often ignored since they are assumed to have low ecological functions while on the other hand the economic values have been reduced. This study aimed to analyze the ecological and economic values of a 50-year secondary forest in East Kalimantan that experienced several various land-use changes. The ecological aspects analyzed were stand structure, floristic composition, and species diversity. Economic aspects include log prices, logging costs, profit margins, and stumpage values. A vegetation survey of woody trees with a diameter at breast height of more than 5 cm was carried out on ten plots measuring 20 m × 20 m each. A total of 437 trees belonging to 38 species, 30 genera, and 19 families were recorded with Moraceae and Euphorbiaceae were the most dominant families with Family Important Value (FIV) of 86.79. The three most dominant species were Macaranga motleyana (IVi of 50.95), Artocarpus elasticus (IVi of 34.41), and Symplocos fasciculata (IVi of 31.46). The trees in the study plot have a diversity index of 1.33, dominance index of 0.07, evenness index of 0.37, and species richness of 6.09. The average logging cost, logs price, lumber price, profit margin, and stumpage value at secondary forest were USD69.43 m-3, USD44.63 m-3, USD100.03 m-3, USD10.30 m-3, and USD28.73 ha-1, respectively. The 50 years old secondary forests in East Kalimantan have biodiversity, especially trees that have economic value, therefore their existence needs to be preserved and their use is carried out by maintaining and increasing biodiversity.
Genetic diversity analysis and phylogenetic reconstruction of groupers Epinephelus spp. from Madura Island, Indonesia based on partial sequence of CO1 gene ABDUL BASITH; Abinawanto Abinawanto; ENI KUSRINI; YASMAN YASMAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 10 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221020

Abstract

Abstract. Basith A, Abinawanto, Kusrini E, Yasman. 2021. Genetic diversity analysis and phylogenetic reconstruction of groupers Epinephelus spp. from Madura Island, Indonesia based on partial sequence of CO1 gene. Biodiversitas 22: 4282-4290. Groupers populations in Indonesia, particularly from Madura Island, East Java are indicated to be over-fished, thereby requiring data collection of more accurate genetic resources as an important step for grouper conservation. A total of 14 samples of the Epinepheplus groupers were obtained from the fish landing port on Madura Island. The 617 bp CO1 gene sequence was utilized for genetic diversity analysis and phylogenetic tree reconstruction. Genetic diversity is based on the value of haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (?). Reconstruction of the phylogenetic tree includes neighbor-joining (NJ) implementing K2P substitution model, while maximum likelihood (ML) is conducted by implementing HKY+G+I substitution model, both of which were evaluated by employing a bootstrap of 1000 replications. Analysis of genetic distance between species indicated that the farthest distance between E. heniochus and E. fasciatus was 0.189, while the closest distance between E. erythrurus and E. ongus was 0.099. Intrapopulation genetic diversity indicated a high value with details of Hd=0.978 and ?=0.12107. Furthermore, NJ and ML phylogenetic tree demonstrated similar topology in the observed Epinephelus spp. obtained from Madura Island grouped into 7 clades, that is Epinephelus coioides, E. bleekeri, E. areolatus, E. erythrurus, E. heniochus, E. fasciatus, and E. ongus.
Short Communication: Isolation and screening of polyhydroxylalkanoates producing microorganisms from Thailand: PHA Producing Microorganisms Nuntaporn Pungsungvorn; Anussorn Wisetsing
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 11 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221131

Abstract

Abstract. Pungsungvorn N, Wisetsing A. 2021. Short Communication: Isolation and screening of polyhydroxylalkanoates producing microorganisms from Thailand. Biodiversitas 22: 4963-4967. Polyhydroxylalkanotes (PHAs) are polyesters produced in nature by numerous microorganisms. They are biodegradable and are used in the production of bioplastics. In this study, one hundred twenty samples from different regions of Thailand were collected and screened for polyhydroxylalkanoates (PHAs) producing microorganisms. The samples were screened on YM agar containing 0.5 µg Nile-red/mL (YM-NR). Only one isolate of yeast (Y1) gave a positive result on PHA accumulation. The yeast isolate (Y1) was identified as Candida tropicalis by API 20C AUX kit and 18S rRNA nucleotide comparison. The yeast isolate Y1 produced 2.62% PHA   when grown in synthetic N-limiting medium using rice straw hydrolysate as carbon source. The selected four bacteria (B1, B2, B3 and B4) were identified by BlastN of 16S rRNA as Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter carcerogenus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia, respectively. The selected yeast and bacterial strains gave PHA content of 2.62, 2.76, 5.38, 3.66 and 0.44%, respectively, in synthetic N-limiting medium using rice straw hydrolysate. Hence, these microorganisms could be used in PHA production from biomass in the future.
Screening insectary refugia plants that increase the performance of Diadegma semiclausum Hellen (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) against diamondback moth larvae Prayogo Probo Asmoro; DADANG DADANG; PUDJIANTO PUDJIANTO; I WAYAN WINASA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 10 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221016

Abstract

Abstract. Asmoro PP, Dadang, Pudjianto, Winasa IW. 2021. Screening insectary refugia plants that increase the performance of Diadegma semiclausum Hellen (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) against diamondback moth larvae. Biodiversitas 22: 4254-4260. Habitat manipulation through the planting of insectary refugia plants is one way of controlling pests. These refugia plants serve as the source of nutrients that improve the fitness of parasitoid against insect pests. In the cabbage agroecosystem, the presence of refugia plants is expected to benefit the parasitoid D. semiclausum. This study aimed to select insectary refugia plants beneficial for the D. semiclausum in term of attracting and increasing their longevity, and parasitization ability against P. xylostella larvae. Ten species of refugia plants were used in this study, i.e., Ageratum conyzoides, Galinsoga parviflora, Sphagneticola trilobata, Synedrella nodiflora, Portulaca oleracea, Rorippa indica, Brassica rapa, Apium graveolens, Ocimum basilicum, and Arachis pintoi. The methods used in this study included testing the response of the imago olfactory to refugia plants and its effect on the longevity and parasitization level. The results showed that of the ten species of investigated, R. indica and A. graveolens were the most attractive for the presence of parasitoids. The two refugia plants could also increase the longevity and parasitization rate compared to the water treatment. R. indica and A. graveolens are recommended as refuge plants in the cabbage agroecosystems to control P. xylostella.
Bioprospecting of cow's ruminal microbiota from a slaughterhouse in Ambarawa, Central Java, Indonesia RETNO MURWANI; MADA TRIANDALA SIBERO; POLA RISDA ASWITA SILITONGA; AMBARIYANTO AMBARIYANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 11 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221139

Abstract

Abstract. Murwani R, Sibero MT, Silitonga PRA, Ambariyanto A. 2021. Bioprospecting of cow's ruminal microbiota from a slaughterhouse in Ambarawa, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5030-5038. Ruminal microorganisms play essential roles in maintaining ruminant health. However, most studies focused only on ruminal lactic acid bacteria (LAB), although other ruminal microorganisms might have biological properties for biotechnological purposes. Therefore, the current study aimed to isolate ruminal bacteria (LAB and non-LAB) and fungi from ruminal material and conducted a bioprospecting study to understand their ability to produce antibacterial compounds and polysaccharide-degrading enzymes. The ruminal bacteria were isolated on MRS and ISP4 agar, while PDA was used to isolate the different fungi. The antibacterial property was tested against multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica ser. Typhi. The ability to produce agarase, alginate-lyase, and carrageenase was screened. Prospective isolates were identified using DNA barcoding approach. Twelve bacteria were isolated using MRS agar, six from ISP4 agar, and four fungi from PDA. Among twelve bacteria from MRS agar, eleven were considered LAB, which consisted of Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici. Several classes of bacteria such as actinobacteria, firmicutes, ?-proteobacteria, and ?-proteobacteria were isolated during this study. In addition, three fungal classes, namely Saccharomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, and Mucoromycetes were also isolated. All bacteria from MRS agar were suggested to have potential compounds with antimicrobial activity, while all ruminal fungi exhibited potential sources of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes.
Effects of production system on the gut microbiota diversity and IgA distribution of Kampong chickens, Indonesia R. SUSANTI; WULAN CHRISTIJANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230252

Abstract

Abstract. Susanti R, Christijanti W. 2022. Effects of production system on the gut microbiota diversity and IgA distribution of Kampong chickens. Biodiversitas 23: 1082-1090. Native chickens (Kampong chickens) are poultry in Indonesia that is raised using a traditional production system. This study aimed to analyze the differences of the Kampong chicken production system (extensive/E and semi-intensive/SI) on the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota and the distribution of IgA. Each sample of Kampong chickens was slaughtered, then their thoracic and abdominal cavities were dissected, and their intestines were collected. Furthermore, the intestinal tissue was processed to make histological preparations for immunohistochemical analysis of IgA. Gut contents of 25 g were taken aseptically and used for next-generation sequencing (NGS) and GC-MS analysis. The results showed 12 bacterial phyla in the intestines of SI and E chicken. E chickens had a higher abundance and diversity of microbiota than the SI chickens. The phylum Firmicutes dominated the E and SI chickens' gut microbiota (>50%). SI chickens have a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio than the E chickens. The SIgA distribution showed an IRS score of 4 (moderate), both in E and SI chickens. It was concluded that the production system affects the intestinal microbiota's abundance and diversity but not on the intestine IgA of Kampong Chickens. This study highlights that based on the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, the semi-intensive system is more suitable for Kampong chicken meat and eggs than the extensive system.

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