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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Preference, population development, and molecular characteristics of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on shallot cultivars: A field trial scale I Wayan Supartha; I Wayan Susila; I Ketut Sumiartha; Aunu Rauf; Latizio Beni Da Costa Cruz; I Kadek Wisma Yudha; I Wayan Eka Karya Utama; Putu Angga Wiradana
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230224

Abstract

Abstract. Supartha IW, Susila IW, Sumiartha IK, Rauf A, Cruz LBDC, Yudha IKW, Utama IWEK, Wiradana PA. 2021. Preference, population development, and molecular characteristics of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on shallot cultivars: A field trial scale. Biodiversitas 23: 783-792. The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphagous insect that is the main pest and is responsible for the decline in shallot production in Indonesia. This study aims to (i) analyze preferences; (ii) colonization time; (iii) population development; (iv) attack of armyworms according to plant phenology in the shallot cultivars; and (v) identification species of armyworms. The research was conducted in Bangli Village, Tabanan Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia. The research design used was a randomized block design with the treatment of five shallot cultivars and five replications. Molecular analysis of armyworm larvae was carried out using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method using forward Lep_F1 and reverse Lep_R1 primers at the Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) gene. Our results indicate that the period of adult pest infestation has been seen since the emergence of plants, namely 7 days after planting (dap). The colonization period begins at 21 (dap), when plants and larvae begin to grow. The development of the egg and larva population was seen when the plants totaled 21 (dap) (for eggs) and 28 dap (for larvae). The most preferred shallot cultivars are "Bali Karet" and "Bima Brebes". Armyworm larvae, including S. exigua, were identified as related to the same group as isolate larvae from China, India, Pakistan, Thailand, and Japan. These findings indicated that S. exigua preferred the two cultivars of shallots in the fields and emerged at 21 dap. This shows that insect management activities must be carried out systematically both when the shallots plants are young, pre- and post-harvest. Control with natural enemies can also be done for further research.
Gyrodactylus (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) on marine ornamental fish Amphiprion percula from a marine aquaculture facility in Indonesia Sufardin Sufardin; Sriwulan Sriwulan; Hilal Anshary
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230245

Abstract

Abstract. Sufardin, Sriwulan, Anshary H. 2022. Gyrodactylus (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) on marine ornamental fish Amphiprion percula from a marine aquaculture facility in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1023-1030. As a popular marine ornamental fish (MOF), clownfishes are widely traded globally due to their beautiful appearance and relative ease of maintenance in the aquarium. There is a large amount of literature on Amphiprion biology and ecology, but globally still lacks data on their parasites, especially about monogenean gyrodactylidae. The first investigation of Gyrodactylus on a marine ornamental fish was conducted during March-August 2019. The study revealed the occurrence of Gyrodactylus infection in clownfish Amphiprion percula from Indonesia. A total of 50 fish samples were collected from a fish farm located in Takalar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Parasitological examination using the smear method was performed on the skin, fins, and gills. Parasites on each individual fish were counted directly under a stereomicroscope. Morphological measurements of the monogeneans were performed using ImageJ 1.46r software. Parasite infestation data were analyzed statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis test and linear regression. Based on morphology, the parasites infecting A. percula were identified as Genus Gyrodactylus and resembled described parasites on fish from the black sea. The prevalence of Gyrodactylus spp. was 100% on the caudal fin and was classified as a very severe infection with a total of 1908 individual parasites, overall. This study shows the Gyrodactylus intensity range is 8-75 parasites/fish and categorized as moderate and severe intensity, which are 6-55 parasite/fish for moderate and 55-100 parasites/fish for severe infection. Parasite infestation was higher on the caudal fin than other organs and was significantly positively correlated with fish size. This first report on the occurrence of Gyrodactylus on Amphiprion percula from Indonesia adds to the knowledge on gyrodactylid host fishes and infestation patterns.
Bubulcus ibis (cattle egret) conservation with awig-awig (customary law) in Bali, Indonesia FX Sudaryanto; JUNITA HARDINI; LALU ACHMAD TAN TILAR WANGSAJATI SUKMARING KALIH; I WAYAN SUANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230424

Abstract

Abstract. Sudaryanto FX, Hardini J, Kalih LATTWS, Suana IWS. 2022. Bubulcus ibis (cattle egret) conservation with awig-awig (customary law) in Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1904-1910. The study on the conservation of Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus, 1758) in Petulu Village, Ubud, Bali, Indonesia, was conducted to determine the population dynamics and behavior of B. ibis the vegetation used, the conservation efforts by the community, and the benefits to ecotourism. The population of B. ibis in August 2019 was 625 ± 12 birds, 7053 ± 15 birds in February 2020, and 465 ± 17 birds in July 2020. In Petulu Village, B. ibis breeds from December 2019 to February 2020. The most commonly used tree for nesting was Ficus subcordata Bl. Based on in-depth interviews, 100% of the inhabitants of Petulu Village were willing and carried out the conservation of B. ibis with awig-awig. The tourists who come to Petulu are 100% amazed by the use of awig-awig (traditional law) as the B. ibis conservation method.
Estimated economic value of pollination by Tetragonula laeviceps (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) on tomato and chili Nadzirum Mubin; Allen Okta Kusmita; Atia Rohmah; Ali Nurmansyah
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 5 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230535

Abstract

Abstract. Mubin N, Kusmita AO, Rohmah A, Nurmansyah A. 2022. Estimated economic value of pollination by Tetragonula laeviceps (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) on tomato and chili. Biodiversitas 23: 2544-2552. Insects have various roles, one of which is as pollinators. Horticultural crops such as tomatoes and chilies need the help of pollinating insects to increase productivity. The stingless bee, Tetragonula laeviceps, is one of the potential pollinating agents. This study aimed to determine the effect of pollination by T. laeviceps on crop production and estimated pollinating insect’ economic value. The study was conducted using a field experiment with 3 pollination treatments included pollination with the help of T. laeviceps (open pollination / OP), pollination by wind (WP), and self-pollination (SP). The estimated economic value of pollination was calculated using a bio-economic approach based on the level of dependence of the plant on pollination. The results showed that open pollination (OP) treatment by T. laeviceps increased fruit set and seed set by 2-3 times that of wind pollination and 4-5 times that of self-pollination. The open pollination treatment significantly affected on the diameter and weight of tomato fruit compared to the WP and SP treatments but not on chili. Meanwhile, open pollination can increase the length of chili fruit. OP, WP, and SP treatments had no significant effect on tomatoes and chilies’ weight loss, damage level, and hardness level. Based on tomato and chili production, the economic value of T. laeviceps was 44 times (tomato) and 20 times (chili) from self-pollination and 65 times (tomato) and 11 times (chili) from wind pollination.
Assessing the economic feasibility of cattle farm agritourism at ex-coal mine lands through the partnership program FAISOL MUKARROM; EVI GRAVITIANI; PRANOTO PRANOTO; RAVIK KARSIDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230417

Abstract

Abstract. Mukarrom F, Gravitiani E, Pranoto P, Karsidi R. 2022. Assessing the economic feasibility of cattle farm agritourism at ex-coal mine lands through the partnership program. Biodiversitas 23: 1843-1851. Extensive coal mining activities have various negative impacts on environment as well as on local communities living adjacent to the mining areas. Reclamation followed by revegetation using forage crops could significantly improve the value of the land. The forage crops produced from the reclaimed land can be integrated with developing cattle farm agritourism to obtain a win-win solution of environmental recovery by enhancing the socio-economic livelihood of local communities. Hence, this study aims to analyze the economic feasibility of developing cattle beef agritourism at ex-coal mine lands in South Sumatra, Indonesia, and assess its potential in increasing the effectiveness of partnership program funding. The analysis of feasibility criteria revealed a Net Present Value (NPV) of 129,152,169,746 IDR, meaning that the project is feasible to be implemented since the NPV is greater than 1. The Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) was 1.22, which is more than 1, implying that it is feasible to be run. The Payback Period (PP) was 3.5 years which is far shorter than the estimated investment period of 15 years. The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) was 35.6% which is much greater than the assumed annual interest rate of 8%. The farmers’ plasma system analysis showed that the cattle farm agritourism could increase the amount of fund distribution, collectibility rate, and also farmer’s income.
Insect community in sengon (Falcataria moluccana) stands damaged by stem borers at various altitudes Yusuf Ardian Sutrisno; Ananto Triyogo; Priyono Suryanto
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 6 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230651

Abstract

Abstract. Sutrisno YA, Triyogo A, Suryanto P. 2022. Insect community in sengon (Falcataria moluccana) stands damaged by stem borers at various altitudes. Biodiversitas 23: 3234-3242. A healthy ecosystem is characterized by a balanced interaction between its constituent components. Meanwhile, sengon or Falcataria moluccana stands are one of the ecosystems currently experiencing damage due to stem borer pests. The dominance of pests leads to an imbalance between the constituent components of the ecosystem, especially insects. Therefore, this study aims to examine the characteristics of the community and the role of each insect, as well as the pattern of relationships with the stem borer attack area. It was conducted in a 5-year-old sengon stand in the Cangkringan Sub-district, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, at altitudes of 500, 600, and 700 m above sea level (asl), while observations and insect collection were carried out from March to August 2018 using pitfall and sticky traps, as well as sweeping nets. Furthermore, direct identification, specimens, and references were used to determine the insects to the morphospecies level, while the diversity (H'), evenness (E), and similarity (S) indexes were calculated to describe the community. The two-way ANOVA analysis was conducted to determine the effect of altitude and observation month on insects at the family level, while a correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between insect diversity and the stem borer attack area. The results showed that the insect community in the sengon stands consisted of 14 orders, 49 families, with 104 morphospecies. The most abundant was Family Formicidae (Hymenoptera) and the classification was based on the respective roles obtained in five groups, namely herbivores, predators, pollinators, parasitoids, and decomposers. The observation month, altitude, and interaction have different effects on insects at the family level, which includes Eucharitidae, Tephritidae, and Cicadellidae. Moreover, the abundance of Eucharitidae parasitoids decreased with an increase in altitude, while the herbivores with the highest abundance were Tephritidae at an altitude of 500, 700, and 600 m, as well as Cicadellidae at an altitude of 500, 600, and 700 m above soil level, respectively. Natural predators dominated by Formicidae (Hymenoptera) showed a similar tendency at every altitude and observation month. Based on the results, the higher the level of insect diversity in the form of population and species, the lower the stem borer attack area. Therefore, further observations need to be carried out on the natural predator found, including specialists or generalists, to obtain the most suitable for controlling stem borers.
Short Communication: Impact of introduction of managed honey bee colony on wild bee diversity and abundance in an agroecosystem in Indonesia Imam Widhiono; Eming Sudiana; Suhestri Suryaningsih
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230254

Abstract

Abstract. Widhiono I, Sudiana E, Suryaningsih S. 2022. Short Communication: Impact of introduction of managed honey bee colony on wild bee diversity and abundance in an agroecosystem in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1099-1104. Wild bees are natural pollinators of crops in agroecosystems, but managed honeybee colonies may diminish their diversity and abundance. We aimed to determine the impact of introducing managed honeybee (Apis cerana and A. mellifera) colonies on the diversity and abundance of wild bees in an agroecosystem in Indonesia. We introduced managed honeybee colonies into the plots containing four crops (tomato, green bean, chili, and green mustard). Sampling was conducted from March to July 2020 on the eastern slopes of Mount Slamet, Indonesia, at an elevation of 1241 m asl. Wild bee diversity was not affected by the introduction of managed honeybee colonies, but their abundance decreased at the end of the flowering period due to resource limitations. The most abundant wild bee species were Amegilla cyrtandrae and A. burneensis, and some wild bee species tended to be more abundant on certain crop species. We recommend that managed colonies be introduced during the early and mid-stages of crop flowering to reduce potential adverse effects on wild bee populations.
Cellulose degrading bacteria isolated from Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia as peat fiber decomposer to accelerate peat soil compression ENNY ZULAIKA; FARIHATUS SOLIKHAH; MUHAMMAD ANDRY PRIO UTOMO; NOOR ENDAH; WANCHAI ASSAVALAPSAKUL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230356

Abstract

Abstract. Zulaika E, Solikhah F, Utomo MAP, Endah N, Assavalapsakul W. 2022. Cellulose degrading bacteria isolated from Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia as peat fiber decomposer to accelerate peat soil compression. Biodiversitas 23: 1648-1654. Peat soil was established from incomplete weathered plants. It delays the process of soil compression. The main components of peat soil are fibers which made of cellulose and lignin that can be enzymatically degraded by cellulolignolytic bacteria. The objective of this study was to isolate indigenous lignocellulolytic bacteria from peat soil that perform peat fiber degradation to accelerate soil compression process. A bacteria screening test was carried out on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) media and bacteria identification using 16S rRNA gene markers. Peat fiber decomposition test based on biomass loss, decomposition results were visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The results of screening and identification obtained 5 bacterial species, namely Pseudomonas taiwanensis U3 and Bacillus cereus D1, D3, U2, U4. After six weeks of incubation, P. taiwanensis U3 showed the highest cellulase activity than other isolates with 90% decomposition ability of peat fibers. The results of the decomposition of peat fibers with the addition of isolates visualized smaller pore sizes than control. Stretching occurs in the aromatic group of the C-O ester bond, the CºC structure of the alkyne group, and the O-H of the alcohol. All obtained bacteria isolates were still viable after six weeks of incubation with 104 CFU g-1 dry weight of fiber. The present investigation deals with isolating indigenous lignocellulolytic bacteria from peat soil that perform peat fiber degradation to accelerate the soil compression process. Our findings are also the first publication that reported P. taiwanensis cellulolytic potential.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculum and soil ameliorants enhance the growth of Falcataria moluccana in revegetation of post-silica sand mining land in Sukabumi, Indonesia HABIB SATRIO BEKTI; SRI WILARSO BUDI; CAHYO WIBOWO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230264

Abstract

Abstract. Bekti HS, Budi SW, Wibowo C. 2022. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculum and soil ameliorants enhance the growth of Falcataria moluccana in revegetation of post-silica sand mining land in Sukabumi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1181-1187. Open-pit mining of silica sand caused several negative impacts on the environment, especially inhibited plant growth. MycoSilvi is Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) inoculum enriched with Mycorrhizal Helper Bacteria (MHBs) which could increase plant growth and nutrient uptake in degraded soils. A ?eld experiment was conducted to study the growth response of F. moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & JW Grimes seedlings treated with MycoSilvi inoculation and soil ameliorants (lime and compost) in post-silica sand mining land. The experimental design used in this study was a completely randomized block design with a factorial scheme. The results showed that MycoSilvi inoculation combined with soil ameliorant significantly improved plant growth of F. moluccana and assisted plant survival within nine months after transplantation in the field. MycoSilvi inoculation and soil ameliorants also increased the number of bacteria in the soil rhizosphere compared with control treatment. This study indicated that revegetation with MycoSilvi inoculation and soil ameliorants could influence plant establishment and development of microbial soil communities in infertile soils, suggesting that it could be an effective method for further ecological rehabilitation in degraded land areas.
Identifying the potential geographic distribution for Castanopsis argentea and C. tungurrut (Fagaceae) in the Sumatra Conservation Area Network, Indonesia TRY SURYA HARAPAN; NURAINAS NURAINAS; SYAMSUARDI SYAMSUARDI; AHMAD TAUFIQ
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230402

Abstract

Abstract. Harapan TS, Nurainas, Syamsuardi, Taufiq A. 2022. Identifying the potential geographic distribution for Castanopsis argentea and Castanopsis tungurrut (Family: Fagaceae) in the Sumatra Conservation Area Network, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1726-1733. Recently, Castanopsis argentea (Blume) A.DC. and Castanopsis tungurrut (Blume) A.DC. have been listed as endangered species by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). For conservation planning, it is important to know the full distribution of species. This study aimed to predict the potential distribution of C. argentea and C. tungurrut using MaxEnt, and understand key factors responsible for the distribution of these species. A total of 53 occurrences and six environmental variables were used to model their distribution. The AUC values of C. argentea and C. tungurrut were 0.86 and 0.91, respectively, and the models suggest the distribution of both species is mainly influenced by elevation, and temperature seasonality for C. tungurrut. The predicted distributions of the species are in the mountains of the western part of Sumatra, and their range includes 12 conservation areas that have highly suitable habitats for both species. After generating the MaxEnt prediction map, we conducted field validation to validate the model predictions. Field surveys in two predicted areas showed that the predicted distribution maps accurately estimated the distribution of C. argentea and C. tungurrut at those localities.

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