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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Quality diversity of 35 tea clones (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis) processed for green tea M. Khais Prayoga; HERI SYAHRIAN; VITRIA P. RAHADI; M. IQBAL PRAWIRA ATMAJA; HILMAN MAULANA; ANAS ANAS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230227

Abstract

Abstract. Prayoga MK, Syahrian H, Rahadi VP, Atmaja MIP, Maulana H, Anas. 2022. Quality diversity of 35 tea clones (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis) processed for green tea. Biodiversitas 23: 810-816. The development of sinensis clones in Indonesia is still focused on increasing productivity and until now there has been no study on the level of genetic similarity and diversity based on quality characters. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the level of kinship and genetic diversity of 35 sinensis clones from the collection of the Indonesia Research Institute for Tea and Cinchona. The study consisted of two stages, testing the content of chemical compounds (polyphenols and caffeine) and organoleptic testing. The material used in both tests was fresh shoots consisting of peko + 3 young leaves (P+3). In organoleptic testing, shoots of 35 sinensis variety clones were first processed into green tea. Furthermore, the processed green tea was tested organoleptically by three credible panelists. The data from the test results of chemical and organoleptic compounds were then tested statistically to get the coefficient of variation (CV), which indicates data diversity. The level of genetic closeness between clones based on quality characters was analyzed using the JMP 16.0 program (trial version), then arranged into clusters. To see the contribution of each parameter to the quality diversity of 35 sinensis clones, a principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out. The results of this study indicate that there are four main clusters grouping the 35 sinensis clones tested. The first cluster excels in the character of taste and aroma, the second cluster excels in appearance, seductive colour, and infusion, the third cluster excels in the character of polyphenols, while the fourth cluster excels in the character of caffeine. The characters that contributed to the genetic diversity of the 35 clones tested were caffeine, appearance, and aroma.
Bird diversity and factors affecting bird abundance at Dullu Municipality, Dailekh, Nepal SADIP BIKRAM SHAH; HARI PRASAD SHARMA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230343

Abstract

Abstract. Shah SB, Sharma HP. 2022. Bird diversity and factors affecting bird abundance at Dullu Municipality, Dailekh, Nepal. Biodiversitas 23: 1535-1545. Bird distribution, diversity, and abundance in any ecosystem are determined by seasonality, disturbances, and availability of resources. The point count method was used for bird surveys during the winter and summer season to identify the bird diversity and factors affecting bird abundance in 2020 at Dailekh District, Nepal. Altogether 98 bird species belonging to 11 orders and 38 families were recorded. The highest species richness was found for order Passeriformes and Muscicapidae family. Among recorded species, the higher species richness of birds was found during winter than summer season, and 52 bird species were observed at both seasons. These birds were more evenly distributed in summer than in the winter season. Among 98 species, the higher bird species were resident (91%), followed by winter migrants (7%), and remaining 2% of birds were summer and passage migrants. Himalayan Vulture (Gyps himalayensis Hume, 1869) and Alexandrine Parakeet (Palaeornis eupatria Linnaeus, 1766) were near threatened species found in the study area. Forest habitats had more diverse bird species than agricultural land. Different environmental parameters such as nearest distance to the water source, canopy cover, and nearest distance to forest habitat significantly affected bird occurrences. The species richness was positively correlated with the nearest distance to agricultural land for both seasons; however, it decreased with increasing distance to water source and canopy cover. In the study area, migratory, residential, endemic, and threatened bird species indicated the uniqueness of the bird habitat in the area; therefore, a site-specific management plan is necessary to conserve these bird species.
Effectivity of soap nuts extract (Sapindus rarak) as bioherbicide toward the growth of Leptochloa chinensis and Fimbristylis milacea HIDAYAT PUJISISWANTO; DIAN LATIFATHUL MAR’AH; NANIK SRIYANI; YUSNITA YUSNITA; RUSDI EVIZAL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230305

Abstract

Abstract. Pujisiswanto H, Mar’ah DL, Sriyani N, Yusnita, Evizal R. 2022. Effectivity of soap nuts extract (Sapindus rarak) as bioherbicide toward the growth of Leptochloa chinensis and Fimbristylis milacea. Biodiversitas 23: 1222-1230. Fimbristylis miliaceae and Leptochloa chinensis weeds were grown predominantly in rice fields which cause a decrease in production yields of up to 36%-43%. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the method of extractions and find the best concentration of Sapindus rarak by Aqueous and methanol extracts against the growth of F. miliacea and L. chinensis, which do not reduce the growth of rice. Two experiments were arranged for this research; the first was bioassay tests of weed growth of F. miliaceae and L. chinensis at the greenhouse, which were applied by aqueous and methanol S. rarak extracts. It was carried out using a randomized block design in factorial (2x5). The second experiment was the rice growth toxicity test which was applied S. rarak extracted by aqueous and methanol, analyzed to single factor randomized design with various concentrations. The results showed that the application of S. rarak extracted by aqueous and methanol was able to inhibit the growth of L. chinensis and F. mileacea weeds at a concentration of 25%, 50% and 75%. The application of S. rarak extracted by aqueous did not affect rice growth, whereas S. rarak extracted by methanol inhibited rice height and stover weight at a concentration of 75%, but did not inhibit root length growth and leaf number.
Structure and composition of tree community in the upstream area of Batang Mahat Watershed, Lima Puluh Kota District, West Sumatra, Indonesia RENI EKAWATY; YONARIZA YONARIZA; ERI GAS EKAPUTRA; ARDINIS ARBAIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230210

Abstract

Abstract. Ekawaty E, Yonariza, Ekaputra EG, Arbain A. 2021. Structure and composition of tree community in the upstream area of Batang Mahat Watershed, Lima Puluh Kota District, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 687-696. Land-use change at the upstream area of Batang Mahat Watershed is assumed to cause flood during the rainy season and is related to vegetation community which has been heavily exploited. Information regarding the current vegetation condition in this area has never been studied; therefore, this study aims to investigate the structure and composition of the tree community in the upstream area of Batang Mahat at Jorong Kubu Baru Nagari, Baruh Gunung, Bukit Barisan District. Furthermore, sampling was implemented using three 20x50 m belt-transects with 10 m intervals between each sample. The results showed 1) 116 identified and three unidentified tree samples belonging to 40 families; 2) The trees with the highest important value index (IVI) in transect 1 were Rhodoleia championii (63.339%) and Calophylum soulatteri (23.697%), in transect 2 Voacanga foetida (48.568%) and Schima wallichii (32.756%), and in transect 3 Schima wallichii (42.964%) and Voacanga foetida (40.713%); 3) The saplings with the highest IVI in transect 1 were Timonius sp. (33.111%) and Alstonia sp. (21.345%), in transect 2 Hancea pengangensis (24.551%) and Sterculia sp. (21.199%), as well as transect 3 Voacanga foetida (42.862%), and Macaranga lowii (30.844%); 4) Both vegetation categories have considerably high diversity (H’ tree 3.13-3.2, H’ saplings 3.04-3.36), and were moderately distributed across studied transects (E1 = 2.025, E2 = 2.089, E3 = 2.016). From the results, it can be concluded that the forest in the upstream area of the Batang Mahat watershed, which was located in Jorong Kubu Baru, Nagari Baruh Gunung, was still in the good category.
Phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds of Blumea balsamifera leaf extracts from South Aceh, Indonesia MASYUDI MASYUDI; MUHAMMAD HANAFIAH; RINIDAR RINIDAR; SAID USMAN; MARLINA MARLINA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230319

Abstract

Abstract. Masyudi, Hanafiah M, Rinidar, Usman S, Marlina. 2022. Phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds of Blumea balsamifera leaf extracts from South Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1344-1352. Blumea balsamifera is a traditional herbal medicine that has been used worldwide. It is also known as Capa leaf in Aceh, Indonesia. B. balsamifera has been used by the local community for wound healing, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammation. However, there is no study so far attempting to identify the chemical compounds of B. balsamifera leaves from Aceh. The present study thus aimed to analyze the chemical compounds of B. balsamifera leaves from Aceh. In this study, the B. balsamifera leaves were collected from Gunongpulo village, South Aceh, Indonesia. The extraction process was performed using the maceration method. The active chemical compounds in the B. balsamifera leaf extracts with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol solvents were analyzed through phytochemical screening, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy Analysis and GC-MS. The results showed that B. balsamifera leaf extracts with ethanol and ethyl acetate solvents contain saponins, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, and steroids, identified through the phytochemical screening. Meanwhile, the extract of B. balsamifera leaves with n-hexane solvent was found to contain steroids, phenolics, and tannins. Twenty-four chemical compounds in the B. balsamifera leaf extract with ethanol were identified using GC-MS. Twenty-eight and twenty-seven chemical compounds were also identified in the B. balsamifera leaf extracts with ethyl acetate and n-hexane solvents, respectively. The most abundant compounds found in the B. balsamifera leaf extracts with ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane solvents were 2,5-Dimethoxyacetophenone (11.61%), Borneol (14.48%), and Jasmoline (14.32%), respectively. These compounds are members of the flavonoid group which are effective for antibacterial, anti-inflammation, and wound healing applications.
Root associated Fusarium solani Species Complex (FSSC) in epiphytic and terrestrial orchids NAMPIAH SUKARNO; SOFI MURSIDAWATI; SRI LISTIYOWATI; NAUFAL HAFIZH NUGRAHA; WENDI NURUL FADILLAH; MASHURI WAITE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240509

Abstract

Abstract. Sukarno N, Mursidawati S, Listiyowati S, Nugraha NH, Fadillah WN, Waite M. 2023. Root associated Fusarium solani Species Complex (FSSC) in epiphytic and terrestrial orchids. Biodiversitas 24: 2577-2586. Members of the Fusarium solani Species Complex (FSSC) are ecologically diverse, covering human and plant pathogens, saprobes, and endophytic fungi of economically important plants. The role of FSSC on tropical orchids, however, has received little attention. This research aimed to isolate and identify the FSSC found as endophytes in roots of the epiphytic orchids Cymbidium finlaysonianum Lindl. and Vanda tricolor Lindl., and the terrestrial orchids Calanthe triplicata (Willemet) Ames and Phaius tankervilleae (Banks) Blume. Fungal isolation was obtained from peloton structures within the root. Fungal identification was done using combined morphological and molecular characteristics using ITS rDNA sequences. Four isolates of Fusarium were identified based on morphological characteristics. The BLAST analysis showed that all the isolates were in the Fusarium solani Species Complex (FSSC). Further phylogenetic relationship analysis indicated that all the FSSC isolates belonged to FSSC5 lineage or Fusarium solani sensu stricto, which is nested in FSSC clade 3 as a subgroup. The fungi F. solani sensu stricto V2 and CF34 were isolated from the epiphytic orchids, and F. solani sensu stricto C5 and P44 were isolated from the terrestrial orchids. It is interesting that the FSSC5 isolated from the epiphytic orchids form different groups than those of the terrestrial orchids. This is the first report showing the tropical orchids are the host of the FSSC5 as endophytes and this broadens the known host range and ecological behavior of the FSSC5.
Multiple antibiotic resistance and virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from dairy farms in South Sulawesi, Indonesia SARTIKA JUWITA; AGUSTIN INDRAWATI; RETNO DAMAJANTI; SAFIKA SAFIKA; NI LUH PUTU IKA MAYASARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230244

Abstract

Abstract. Juwita S, Indrawati A, Damajanti R, Safika, Mayasari NLPI. 2021. Multiple antibiotic resistance and virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from dairy farms in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1015-1022. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important issue affecting human and animal health worldwide. This study aimed to investigate antibiotic resistance and determine the virulence factors of S. aureus isolated from the dairy farms in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Thirty-one isolates of S. aureus were tested for sensitivity to 9 types of antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The analysis of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in S. aureus isolates was performed by the conventional PCR method. The results showed that S. aureus isolates from human samples were resistant to penicillin G (PEN) (86%), ampicillin (AMP) (86%), oxacillin (OXA) (14%), cefoxitin (FOX) (14%), tetracycline (TET) (43%) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) (14%). Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the animal samples were resistant to penicillin G (PEN) (50%), ampicillin (AMP) (50%), tetracycline (TET) (15%), and erythromycin (5%). Meanwhile, S. aureus isolates from dangke were resistant to penicillin G (PEN) and ampicillin (AMP) (50% each). Antimicrobial resistance genes for blaTEM (83%), mecA (17%), and tetA (100%) were detected in S. aureus isolates from human samples, whereas those for blaTEM (90%) and tetA (100%) were detected in isolates from animal samples. Meanwhile, the genes for blaTEM (100%) were detected in isolates from dangke. A total of 19 S. aureus isolates harbored the virulence gene for fnbA (26%), clfA (58%), hla (58%), and tst (21%). The use of antibiotics in humans and animals needs to be implemented properly in local communities to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance. The presence of the tst gene in raw milk is essential for consumer protection against the risk of toxic shock syndrome.
Prospective rice varieties for high yield performance on modified ratoon salibu cultivation LALU M. ZARWAZI; Ahmad Junaedi; DIDY SOPANDIE; SUGIYANTA SUGIYANTA; PURWONO PURWONO; JUN-ICHI SAKAGAMI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230250

Abstract

Abstract. Zarwazi LM, Junaedi A, Sopandie D, Sugiyanta, Purwono, Sakagami J-I. 2022. Prospective rice varieties for high yield performance on modified ratoon salibu cultivation. Biodiversitas 23: 1065-1071. Modified Ratoon Salibu (MRS) differs from ratoon (Conventional Ratoon, CR). This research aims to investigate some rice varieties re-grown as CR and MRS after main crops are harvested. The experiment was conducted at Kuningan Experimental Station of Indonesian Center for Rice Research, using rice varieties as the main plot (Hipa 18, Hipa 19, Inpari 42, Inpari 43, IPB 3S, and Batang Piaman), and ratoon cultivation system as a sub-plot (CR and MRS), evaluated in the first (1) and second (2) generation after the main crop. The result showed that the growth character of MRS on plant height, stem diameter, blade-leaf size, root volume was significantly higher than that of CR. Furthermore, the yield component and yield were also significantly higher in MRS than CR. The CR yielded about 56.9 and 10.8 % of the main crops for R1 and CR2, respectively, whereas MRS yielded 121.0 and 93.8% of the main crops for MRS1 and MRS2, respectively. This finding could be a scientifically proven of local wisdom “Salibu” indigenous knowledge in Tanah Datar District of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Therefore, MRS could be recommended for suitable varieties and environmental conditions as the sustainable farming alternative to increase Cropping Index while still reaching high productivity.
Photoperiod effect on vegetative growth and bulbing initiation of four garlic genotypes NIKEN KENDARINI; SYARIFAH IIS AISYAH; AWANG MAHARIJAYA; SOBIR SOBIR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 9 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230938

Abstract

Abstract. Kendarini N, Aisyah SI, Maharijaya A, Sobir. 2022. Photoperiod effect on vegetative growth and bulbing initiation of four garlic genotypes. Biodiversitas 23: 4716-4723. The main factors influencing garlic growth and development were genetics, photoperiod, and temperature. Low temperature and short photoperiod were required for initial growth, followed by a long photoperiod and high temperature for bulbing and bolting. The study was conducted to evaluate the response of garlic genotypes to photoperiod on the vegetative growth and bulbing initiation, and physiological traits (C/N ratio, GA, and total chlorophyll content). Four garlic genotypes used in this experiment consisted of two Chinese garlic genotypes (hardneck and softneck) and two local garlic cultivars (Sangga Sembalun and Tawangmangu Baru). The garlic plants were subjected to the treatment of short photoperiod (control) and long photoperiod (night break and extension methods). The results showed that the Chinese hardneck and softneck had plant vegetative growth with a higher vigor than Sangga Sembalun and Tawangmangu Baru in all photoperiod treatments. Sangga Sembalun and Tawangmangu Baru had bulbing index below 0.3 in all photoperiods. The Chinese hardneck and softneck genotypes had bulbing index greater than 0.5 in all photoperiod treatments, except the hardneck in the night break treatment. The bulbing initiation in Chinese garlic genotypes was delayed in long photoperiod treatments. High temperature during the experiment affected bulbing initiation in long photoperiod treatment. The garlic genotypes had different responses to photoperiod treatments in C/N ratio, GA, and total chlorophyll content. The vegetative growth increased under extension treatment, and night break accelerated bulb formation. Long photoperiod increased C content and C/N ratio in the leaves while it decreased N content and photosynthetic pigment content. The late maturity time (Chinese hardneck and Chinese softneck) depended on long photoperiods for the bulbing formation. In contrast, local garlic cultivars with the early and mid-season types (Sangga Sembalun and Tawangmangu Baru) were insensitive to photoperiod.
Quantitative and qualitative diversity of chili (Capsicum spp.) genotypes ZULFIKAR DAMARALAM SAHID; Muhamad Syukur; Awang Maharijaya; Waras Nurcholis
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230230

Abstract

Abstract. Sahid ZD, Syukur M, Maharijaya A, Nurcholis W. 2022. Quantitative and qualitative diversity of chili (Capsicum spp.) genotypes. Biodiversitas 23: 895-901. The diversity of chili species in tropical climate areas, especially Indonesia, is very diverse. Information on the performance of chili both quantitatively and qualitatively is needed to form the basis for future research. This study aimed to obtain qualitative and quantitative character information on several chili genotypes. The results showed that there were differences in chili genotypes based on qualitative and quantitative characters. The genotype that excelled quantitatively in terms of fruit weight was CK 12. In addition, this genotype had a square fruit shape that was absent in other genotypes. The highest number of fruit in this study was indicated by pure lines F8 145291-14-9-3-12-1-1 and Bara. Cluster analysis based on quantitative characters (HCA Analysis) grouped all genotypes into three major groups where the CK 12 genotype separated into one group of its own. The information in this study is very useful for research and development of chili plants.

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