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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Studying the relationship of immersion duration and characteristics of natural materials FAD to fish aggregation in the sea Arham Rumpa; Najamuddin Najamuddin; Safruddin Safruddin; Muhammad Abduh Ibnu Hajar
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 10 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231060

Abstract

Abstract. Rumpa A, Najamuddin, Safruddin, Hajar MAI. 2022. Studying the relationship of immersion duration and characteristics of natural materials FAD to fish aggregation in the sea. Biodiversitas 23: 5481-5490. An understanding of immersion duration and the characteristics of natural materials Fish Aggregating Devices (FAD) on fish aggregation in the sea is crucial in developing more effective fishing strategies in FAD areas. The aim of the study was to understand the relationship between immersion duration and characteristics of FADs made from natural materials on the schooling aggregation of mackerel scad (Decapterus russelli) in the sea. The research was conducted from April 2021 to March 2022 in Bone Bay, Indonesia. The type of research was experimental fishing 78 times down at sea to observe the relationship between FAD construction and fish schools. The results demonstrated that the growth of invertebrates in the construction component of FADs based on the period of immersion in the sea at the immersion period of >30 days showed a high growth rate of algae, hydrozoa and crustacean species at the bottom of the raft. The endurance of the coconut leaves attractor at a duration of 3-4 weeks was the best condition for immersion duration in the sea because schooling fish were more concentrated around the attractor at an average distance of 1.2 m, while at a duration of 5-6 weeks the attractor had damaged and the fish schooling was less concentrated. Based on the arrival of schooling fish in FAD areas, the fastest average duration was 3-4 weeks, namely in transitional season 1. The presence of crustacean species caused fish schooling only to be concentrated at a distance of 2-3 m at the time of fishing. In the fishing strategy, the treatment of FADs using dried coconut leaves attractors showed more concentrated fish schooling and calmer fish movement pattern compared to the use of fresh coconut leaves attractor. The characteristics of the components making up FADs had a direct impact on the effectiveness of attracting and concentrating fish. In addition, the characteristics also influenced the schooling distance of fish at the center point of the FAD raft before the fishing gear was lowered.
Species diversity, abundance, and movement of small mammals in the dry evergreen forest at Khao Yai National Park, Thailand Yuwaluk Chanachai; Anuttara Nathalang; Prateep Duengkae; Ronglarp Sukmasuang
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 11 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231143

Abstract

Abstract. Chanachai Y, Nathalang A, Duengkae P, Sukmasuang R. 2022. Species diversity, abundance, and movement of small mammals in the dry evergreen forest at Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. Biodiversitas 23: 5892-5901. Small mammals play an integral role in the forest ecosystem. This research was conducted on The Mo Singto Forest Dynamics Plot, Khao Yai National Park. Trapping of small mammals was carried out in June-September 2019 and from January-April 2020 based on a total of 64 Tomahawk for small mammal live traps were systematically placed in an 8×8 grid of 20 m intervals, ripe bananas and palm oil as bait was used. Trap cages were opened for 3 consecutive months per season in each study period covering a total study period of 1 year. The result showed that a total of 4015 individuals from 9 species, 9 genera, 4 families and 3 orders were captured with a sampling effort of 32,555 trap nights. The most common species were Red Spiny Rat (Maxomys surifer), followed by Northern Tree Shrew (Tupaia belangeri), Long-tailed Giant Rat (Leopoldamys sabanus), Indochinese Ground Squirrel (Menetes berdmorei), Asian House Rat (Rattus tanezumi), Indomalayan Niviventer (Niviventer fulvescens), Savile's Bandicoot Rat (Bandicota savilei), (Tamiops mcclellandii), and Short-tailed Gymnure (Hylomys suillus) respectively. Considering the number of small mammals caught, Maxomys surifer was the most abundant, accounting for 61.69% of all mammals caught. The sex ratio was found to somewhat favor females in both seasons. This study indicated that the small mammal diversity was high in the primary dry evergreen forest. These results have important implications not only for conservation but are also useful for further investigation if there is any disturbance or change in the area or any potential disasters that may occur in the future.
The ability of potassium-solubilizing fungi isolated from leucite potassium rock deposits ANDI RAHAYU ANWAR; AMBO ALA; TUTIK KUSWINANTI; ELKAWAKIB SYAM’UN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 12 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231257

Abstract

Abstract. Anwar AR, Ala A, Kuswinanti T, Syam’un E. 2022. The ability of potassium-solubilizing fungi isolated from leucite potassium rock deposits. Biodiversitas 23: 6579-6586. Present investigation was aimed to explore the potassium-dissolving ability of some indigenous fungi living in Indonesian leucite tuffs from volcanic rock members of Camba Formation in Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Province. There are no such findings on potassium-solubilizing fungi from South Sulawesi Province. The recent study isolated some fungi strains from the rhizosphere of vegetation found in the potassium rock deposits using Alexandrov media. A total of 22 fungal strains were isolated and tested for their ability to dissolve potassium bound to the potassium carrier minerals, qualitatively and quantitatively. Production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) were also measured to test the ability of the fungus to produce growth regulator compounds. Fungal isolates with the highest dissolution index (IP) values were MgT1Pb, RgGc, PT3Pe, PT3Pa, JbT2Pa, JbT2Pd, and JbT2Pp. The highest amount of exchangeable potassium (K-exch.) was JbT2Pa with the amount of 919.8 ppm and MgT1Pb of 69.33 ppm. The isolate capable of producing the highest IAA was PsT2Pe at 6.820 ppm while the RgGd isolates resulted in the highest production of GA3 hormone at 4.116 ppm.
Characteristics and activity of chitosan from mud crab shells on acne bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes Novi Luthfiyana; ‪Stephanie Bija‬; ‪Effionora Anwar‬; ‪Dian Ratih Laksmitawati‬; Gita Lia Rosalinda
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 12 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231263

Abstract

Abstract. Luthfiyana N, Bija S, Anwar E, Laksmitawati DE, Risalinda GL. 2022. Characteristics and activity of chitosan from mud crab shells on acne bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. Biodiversitas 23: 6645-6651. Chitosan is a product of chitin deacetylation, which has the potential to act as acne bacteria. The study aimed to determine the characteristics and activity of chitosan from mud crab shells on acne bacteria, i.e., Staphylococcus aureus FNCC 0047, Staphylococcus epidermidis FNCC 0048 and Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 11827. The research used a descriptive method for analyzing the quality of chitosan and antibacterial activity using analysis of variants at a 95% confidence interval with one factor, while the addition of chitosan as much as 0.25%; 0.5%; 0.75%; and 1% with three replications. The results showed that the value of deacetylation degree (DD) was 76%. The morphology of chitosan shows irregular, wavy, porous shapes and contains several elements: C, O, Ca, and Al. The antibacterial activity of chitosan at concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% showed an inhibition zone of S. aureus (9.5±0.71 mm, 10±0 mm, 11±0 mm, 13.5±0.71 mm), S. epidermidis (9±0 mm, 10±0 mm, 11±0 mm, 12.5±0.71 mm), and P. acnes (28.5±0.7 mm, 28.5±0.7 mm, 31±5.56 mm, 34.5±6.36 mm). The concentration of 1% gives the effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of acne bacteria. This study concludes that chitosan from mud crab shells could be the potential as an anti-acne.
Autoecology of Ceratium furca and Chaetoceros didymus as potential harmful algal blooms in tourism and aquaculture sites at Teluk Pandan Bay, Lampung, Indonesia QADAR HASANI; MAULID WAHID YUSUP; RACHMAD CAESARIO; DAVID JULIAN; AHMAD MUHTADI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 11 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231117

Abstract

Abstract. Hasani Q, Yusup MW, Caesario R, Julian D, Muhtadi A. 2022. Autoecology of Ceratium furca and Chaetoceros didymus as potential harmful algal blooms in tourism and aquaculture sites at Teluk Pandan Bay, Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5670-5680. Harmful algal blooms (HABs) phenomenon has been observed around tourism and aquaculture sites in Teluk Pandan Waters, Lampung Bay. The dominant potential HABs found in Teluk Pandan waters were Ceratium furca and Chaetoceros didymus. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the environmental physicochemical factors and the abundance of C. furca and C. didymus as potential HABs. Phytoplankton samples were collected from four stations (Hurun Bay, Sidodadi Coastal Waters, Sari Ringgung Beach and Cikunyinyi Bay) during May-August 2022. Physical parameters (temperature, depth, brightness, current velocity and salinity), as well as chemical parameters (dissolved oxygen, pH, phosphate, nitrite, nitrate and ammonia) were all measured in conjunction with phytoplankton sampling. Canonical correlation analysis and multiple regression were used to predict the effect of environmental parameters on phytoplankton density. Blooms of C. furca were found with the highest density at 5.417×106 cells/L in Cikunyiyi Bay, while C. didymus predominated in Hurun Bay (2.890×104 cells/L), Sidodadi Coastal Waters (3.923×104 cells/L) and Sari Ringgung Beach (3.531×104 cells/L). The main factors influencing the increase in C. furca population at Cikunyinyi Bay were pH, phosphate and nitrate. The increase in C. didymus population at Sidodadi Coastal Waters was affected by phosphate, nitrate and nitrite, while phosphate and nitrate influenced the increase in C. didymus population at Sari Ringgung Beach. Potentially HABs density was found to be higher near intensive shrimp farming sites. The use of fertilizer and artificial feed in high quantities is thought to be responsible for increased water eutrophication. Periodic monitoring and consistent determination of environmental carrying capacity for intensive shrimp farming activities are required to control HABs and ensure the sustainability of aquaculture and tourism activities in Teluk Pandan Waters.
Revision of the genus Cornukaempferia Mood & K. Larsen (Zingiberaceae), and a new species from Thailand PIYAPORN SAENSOUK; THAWATPHONG BOONMA; SURAPON SAENSOUK
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 11 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231123

Abstract

Abstract. Saensouk P, Boonma T, Saensouk S. 2022. Revision of the genus Cornukaempferia Mood & K. Larsen (Zingiberaceae), and a new species from Thailand. Biodiversitas 23: 5718-5729. Cornukaempferia Mood & K. Larsen (Zingiberaceae) is revised. Seven species of Cornukaempferia have been recognized with their updated nomenclature including C. aurantiiflora Mood & K. Larsen, C. longipetiolata Mood & K. Larsen, C. larsenii P. Saensouk, C. chayanii Yupparach & Wongsuwan, C. kamolwaniae Picheans., Yupparach & Wongsuwan, C. argentifolia Boonma & Saensouk, and a new species, namely C. srisumoniae P. Saensouk, S. Saensouk & Boonma sp. nov. A new species is found during our exploration of the diversity of Zingiberaceae in Thailand. After comparison to all previously existing species in the genus, the morphological characteristics of a new species are the most similar to C. argentifolia, but different in certain morphological characteristics. Therefore, we claim it as a new species to science under the name C. srisumoniae P. Saensouk, Saensouk & Boonma sp. nov. This new species is described here along with its illustrations, photographs, ecology, etymology, and distribution are provided. Six species are endemic and native to Thailand, while one species, namely C. larsenii P. Saensouk is native to Thailand and Laos PDR. A revised key to 7 species and descriptions is also presented.
Flora and fauna in the areas around artisanal gold mining in Selogiri Sub-district, Wonogiri, Indonesia SLAMET ISWORO; POERNA SRI OETARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 12 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231259

Abstract

Abstract. Isworo S, Oetari PS. 2022. Flora and fauna in the areas around artisanal gold mining in Selogiri Sub-district, Wonogiri, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6600-6618. Artisanal or small-scale gold mining has devastating impacts on the environment due to negligence of the principles of good environmental management. In particular, the mining activities often involve vegetation clearing and topsoil removal, which affect the biotic elements of the mined landscape. Selogiri Sub-district, Wonogiri District, Central Java Province, has a gold mineral resource that drives many traditional mining activities that have an indirect impact on the ecosystem's species diversity and community structure. This research aimed to investigate the diversity of flora and fauna in Selogiri Sub-district by comparing the area where the artisanal gold mining occurred (the inside area) and the areas surrounding the mining (the outside area). Six groups of taxa were observed in this study, including the plant group using the plot method, avifauna (birds) using Indices Ponctuels d'Abondance method, Odonata (dragonflies) and Lepidoptera (butterflies) both using visual encountering survey (VES) method, micromammals (Rodentia) using traps, VES, and camera traps and herpetofauna (amphibians and reptiles) using VES method. The diversity values of each taxa group in the inside and outside area were calculated and Sorensen's Coefficient Similarity Index formula was analyzed to see the community similarity between the two areas. A total of 243 species were found, consisting of Lepidoptera (35%), flora taxa (29%), avifauna (16%), herpetofauna (9%), Odonata (7%), and mammals (3%). The avifauna and Odonata had higher diversity values in the outside area than in the inside area. Similarly, the outside area had a higher diversity value for mammalian taxa documented using the VES method. Meanwhile, using the trap method, the taxa of Lepidoptera, herpetofauna, and mammals had higher diversity value in the inside area than in the outside. Nonetheless, the two areas had moderate similarity in the composition of flora and fauna species, with a community similarity value of less than 60% for all taxa studied. Conservation activities and off-site tree planting are solutions for restoring ecosystem structure and function to support ecological stability and biodiversity.
a-amylase and a-glucosidase inhibitory effects of four piper species and GC-MS analysis of Piper crocatum YUSTINA SRI HARTINI; DEWI SETYANINGSIH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240274

Abstract

Abstract. Hartini YS, Setyaningsih D. 2023. a-amylase and a-glucosidase inhibitory effects of four piper species and GC-MS analysis of Piper crocatum. Biodiversitas 24: 1313-1319. Antidiabetic activity can be determined by measuring the level of inhibition of a-amylase and/or a-glucosidase enzymes. Our previous study reported the activity of Piper crocatum as an inhibitor of a-amylase and a-glucosidase enzymes; hence, this study reported the same activity of three different piper species: Piper betle, Piper aduncum, and Piper retrofractum. It was also reported that the GC-MS chromatogram profile of P. crocatum. The Piper species was tested against a-amylase and a-glucosidase enzymes; activity measurements were carried out using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Analysis of compound content in P. crocatum was carried out through GC-MS spectra and its library. The Piper species showed inhibitory activity against both a-amylase and a-glucosidase. Compared to P. betle, P. aduncum, and P. retrofractum, P. crocatum had the highest activity against both enzymes, with IC50 of 8,463 ± 0.318 mg/mL and 10,013 ± 0.070 mg/mL, respectively. The GC-MS profile of P. crocatum leaf methanol extract showed that there were 69 peaks, with the highest peak at RT 49,007 (20.49%), followed by RT 48,495 (11.00%), RT 6,984 (8.6%), RT 30.356 (4.51 %), RT 8,654 (3.44%), while the other peaks were below 3%. Based on the GC-MS dictionary, P. crocatum contains the main compounds: trans-isoelemicin/alpha-asarone, patchulane, myrcene, 1-octadecyne, and trans-ocimene. Therefore, Piper crocatum extract is considered to be developed as an antidiabetic agent.
Adaptive strategy of Stevia rebaudiana to environmental change in tropical climate based on anatomy and physiology characteristics AHMAD DHIAUL KHULUQ; EKO WIDARYANTO; ARIFFIN ARIFFIN; ELLIS NIHAYATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 11 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231122

Abstract

Abstract. Khuluq AD, Widaryanto E, Ariffin, Nihayati E. 2022. Adaptive strategy of Stevia rebaudiana to environmental change in tropical climate based on anatomy and physiology characteristics. Biodiversitas 23: 5710-5717. High solar radiation and air temperature are the main influencing factors for plant growth and development in tropical climates. This study's objective was to understand stevia adaptation to microclimate changes at several altitudes in tropical climates. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design with altitude differences consisting of highlands, medium lands, and lowlands with ten replicates. The results showed that stevia was exposed to temperatures above 20oC during growth in the highlands by 36.46%, and in the medium lands to lowlands by 92.85%-93.96%. Meanwhile, the temperature above 30oC in the lowlands is 17.98% highest of the others. Stevia adapts to a high temperatures by increasing stomatal density, trichomes, and photosynthesis rate. Moreover, decreasing stomata (width, aperture, open percentage), leaf thickness, palisade length, xylem diameter, conductance, and transpiration rate. Stevia in the medium lands shows good adaptability with a high photosynthesis rate, percentage of open stomata 93.15%, leaf thickness 382.56 µm, and xylem diameter 30.97 µm, which is no different from the highlands. Thus, the medium lands have the potential as a new area of stevia development in a tropical climate, considering the increasingly competitive use of agricultural land in the highlands.
Potential of Trichoderma spp. isolated in the rhizosphere to produce biofertilizer from organic materials NGUYEN PHUONG THUY; NGUYEN NHAT NAM; NGUYEN NGOC TRAI; NGUYEN HOANG XUAN THAO; VUONG TUAN PHONG; DO TAN KHANG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 12 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231236

Abstract

Abstract. Thuy NP, Nam NN, Trai NN, Thao NHX, Phong VT, Khang DT. 2022. Potential of Trichoderma spp. isolated in the rhizosphere to produce biofertilizer from organic materials. Biodiversitas 23: 6386-6396. Trichoderma spp. are filamentous fungi present in nearly all soils and capable of secreting large amounts of cellulase enzymes that can degrade carbohydrate polymer. In the current study, eight isolates of Trichoderma spp. (TC10-RL11, CT11-VO11, CN2-DP11, CN1-DP11, TC9-RL11, CN4-VR11, CK6-VC11, and TC8-RL11) were isolated. Among the eight fungal strains, the CN4-VR11 had highly potent CMC degradation with a halo’s diameter zone of 8.7 ± 1.5 cm. The BLAST result indicates that the CN4-VR11 strains and Trichoderma reesei had a similarity of 98.92% with a max score of 1158 and an E-value of 0.0. The Trichoderma reesei CN4-VR11 was selected for bioproduct production. The application of Trichoderma reesei CN4-VR11 bioproduct passively increased the efficient decomposition of the organic fertilizers, after only 30 days of incubation, the total organic matter content ? 20% was observed to be soft, spongy, and brown-back in color. According to the Government of Vietnam’s Decree No. 108/2017/ND-CP on fertilizer management, dated September 20, 2017, the T5 and T7 treatments were chosen for the production of granular bio-compost, which has a more practical use in agricultural land.

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