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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Review: Diversity, structure, and community composition of Bornean heath forest with a focus on Brunei Darussalam IRSALINA M. IKBAL; HAZIMAH H.M. DIN; Wardah H. Tuah; Salwana Md Jaafar; NORHAYATI AHMAD; Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240535

Abstract

Abstract. Ikbal IM, Din HHM, Tuah WH, Jaafar SM, Ahmad N, Sukri RS. 2023. Review: Diversity, structure, and community composition of Bornean heath forest with a focus on Brunei Darussalam. Biodiversitas 24: 2814-2829. Tropical heath forests, a unique lowland forest ecosystem with high conservation value, are increasingly threatened by disturbances. Heath forests are characterized by trees of short stature and the presence of highly acidic, sandy soils with poor nutrient content. Bornean heath forests are widely studied for their diversity, structure, and community composition and are known to support endemics of high conservation value. Environmental factors and soil properties, such as topography, water availability, and nutrient status, are known to influence tree species diversity and forest structure of Bornean forests. However, factors influencing their community composition, including the role of seedling communities in influencing heath forest communities, are still not well understood. In particular, studies of tree diversity and community composition of heath forests in Brunei Darussalam have revealed high endemism and the presence of species with high conservation value. Anthropogenic threats to Bornean heath forests highlight the urgent need for an increased understanding of these forests and prioritization of their conservation. Increased insights into the ecological preferences of heath forest species are crucial for the successful restoration of degraded heath forests. The intact forest ecosystems of Brunei could provide opportunities for further ecological research on the plant communities found in these unique forests.
Genetic development of Stx phage TESSA SJAHRIANI; MALA KURNIATI; DEBI ARIVO; DWI MARLINA SYUKRI; WIWIEK TYASNINGSIH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 8 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240815

Abstract

Abstract. Sjahriani T, Kurniati M, Arivo D, Syukri DM, Tyasningsih W. 2023. Genetic development of Stx phage. Biodiversitas 24: 4334-4341. Stx phages have been studied and described due to their involvement in shigatoxin. The variety, evolution, dispersion, and molecular mechanisms of STEC and Stx phages have all been widely studied, but the further research is still required. The objective of this study was to investigate the unique sequences of bacteriophage DNA from the NCBI database and to identify the changes in the DNA sequence of both regular and stx-carrying bacteriophages. It was first reported in 2001, but studies have not been carried out. The stx-carrying bacteriophage DNA sequence, similarity of identity, e-value, and gaps were analyzed using PCR and DNA sequencing. The number of bacteriophage that used in this study was eight. The results revealed the similarity of bacteriophage to stx-carrying bacteriophages by 82.67% to 88.5%, and exhibited notable variations in comparison to each phage 1 to 8 (Eco157 phage WASJ/2022) (p<0.001). Moreover, results exhibited an e-value ranging from 7e-85 to 3e-44. In addition, results showed gaps between 1-2% in comparison to other stx-carrying bacteriophages in NCBI with bacteriophage alterations on the bases of Cytosine and Thymine in 184th and 263rd. Therefore, this work provided the potency of bacteriophage as an alternative pharmaceuticals in controlling foodborne diseases.
Evolutionary tracks of chromosomal diversification in Trichopsis (Anabantiformes, Osphronemidae) fishes: New insights from a molecular cytogenetic perspective BOONYADA MINGKWAN; FRANCISCO DE MENEZES CAVALCANTE SASSI; NAWARAT MUANGLENM; SITTHISAK PINMONGKHONKUL; KRIT PINTHONG; SAMPAN TONGNUNUI; PUN YEESIN; ALONGKLOD TANOMTONG; THOMAS LIEHR; MARCELO DE BELLO CIOFFI; WEERAYUTH SUPIWONG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240327

Abstract

Abstract. Mingkwan B, Sassi FDMC, Muanglenm N, Pinmongkhonkul S, Pinthong K, Tongnunui S, Yeesin P, Tanomtong A, Liehr T, Cioffi MDB, Supiwong W. 2023. Evolutionary tracks of chromosomal diversification in Trichopsis (Anabantiformes, Osphronemidae) fishes: New insights from a molecular cytogenetic perspective. Biodiversitas 24: 1551-1559. This study investigated the chromosomes of three Trichopsisspecies (namely Trichopsis pumila, Trichopsis vittata, and Trichopsis schalleri) using conventional (Giemsa stain, Ag-NOR) and molecularcytogenetic techniques. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with repetitive DNAs, including 5S and 18S rDNAs, and microsatellites as probes were also performed. Our results indicated a conserved diploid number of 46 (2n) for all analyzed species of both sexes, although varying in their karyotype structure. Furthermore, T. schalleri and T. vittata karyotypes were presented with only acrocentric chromosomes (46a), while T. pumila had a submetacentric pair in addition to acrocentric ones (2sm+44a). Positive Ag-NOR sites were differentially found in each species adjacent to the acrocentric chromosome's centromeric and/or interstitial sub-centromeric regions. Both 5S and 18S rDNAs vary between the analyzed species, but all were localized in multiple sites. However, the distribution pattern of microsatellites differed in each species, mostly scattering at peri-centromeric and telomeric regions. These findings show that Trichopsis species, while having a conserved diploid number, differ significantly in the distribution of repetitive sequences in their karyotypes, particularly for rDNAs. These species-specific patterns can be useful for characterizing and identifying further different species and examining the evolutionary mechanisms that drove the evolution of these fishes' karyotypes.
Diversity of bat ectoparasites from the caves of selected Key Biodiversity Areas in Central Visayas, Philippines GILBERT A. BEJEC; LILIBETH A. BUCOL; AGUSTIN B. ANCOG; ALBERT C. PAGENTE; JAZZE JANE M. PANERIO; ANNA LEE N. BEJEC; JACINTO D. BELANIZO; DENNY JANE S. TUASTOMBAN; REIZL P. JOSE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240343

Abstract

Abstract. Bejec GA, Bucol LA, Ancog AB, Pagente AC, Paneiro JJM, Bejec ALN, Belanizo JD, Tuastomban DJS, Jose RP. 2023. Diversity of bat ectoparasites from the caves of selected Key Biodiversity Areas in Central Visayas, Philippines. Biodiversitas 24(3): 1693-1703. Bats harbor numerous species of ectoparasites, such as ticks and mites. Many bat ectoparasites are implicated as vectors of pathogens ranging from bacteria to protozoa and viruses. Recent studies verified bats as a natural reservoir of multiple zoonotic viruses, including Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronaviruses. This study assessed the composition, diversity, and prevalence of ectoparasites of cave-dwelling bats in the four Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) of Central Visayas. A total of 20 species of bats were recorded in the 30 surveyed caves. Of these, 30 species of ectoparasites belonging to eight families (dipteran flies Streblidae and Nycteribiidae, mites Spinturnicidae, Macronyssidae and Trombiculidae, ticks Argasidae and Ixodidae, and Ischnopsyllidae fleas) were collected and identified. Leptotrombidium sp. had the highest number of individuals (n=1,684) harbored in 12 bat host species. The highest prevalence (100%) was noted in four bat host species: Philippine pygmy fruit bat Haplonycteris fischeri Lawrence 1939, Philippine forest roundleaf bat Hipposideros obscurus Peters 1861, Philippine pygmy roundleaf batHipposideros pygmaeus Waterhouse 1843, and Common bent-winged bat Miniopterus schreibersii Kuhl 1817. The lowest prevalence was noted in the Round-eared tube-nosed bat Murina cyclotis Dobson 1872, where no ectoparasite was collected. The highest intensity (n=65) of ectoparasites was observed in the Common Asian ghost bat Megaderma spasma Linnaeus 1758. This study provides essential data for future reference in monitoring bat population status and conservation efforts in the region. Given the close relationship between the local human community and bats (e.g., hunting and consumption), more work is needed to address the potential pathogen risks from zoonotic transmission from bats and ectoparasites.
Effect of para-net shade level on plant microenvironment, growth, and yield of three strawberry varieties NUR EDY SUMINARTI; HUSNI THAMRIN SEBAYANG; MOHAMAD DAWAM MAGHFOER; BULAN BULAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240426

Abstract

Abstract. Suminarti NE, Sebayang HT, Maghfoer MD, Bulan. 2023. Effect of para-net shade level on plant microenvironment, growth, and yield of three strawberry varieties. Biodiversitas 24: 2149-2155. Plant environmental management through the application of para-net shade and the selection of adaptive varieties for strawberry plants has been carried out from March to June 2020 in Jatikerto.The study used a split-plotdesign by placing shade treatments on the main plot consisting of four types, namely without shade (0%), 25% shading, 50% shading, and 75% shading, while the variety treatment was placed in subplots consisting of three kinds, namely Sweet Charlie, California, and Earlibrite varieties.The 5% F test was used to determine the interaction or significant effect of the treatments, while the 5% HSD test was used to determine differences between treatments.The results showed that there was a significant interaction in observing fruit weight per hectare. In the treatment without shade and with 25% shade, the highest fruit weight was produced by the California variety, 1.06 t ha-1,and 0.80 t ha-1, respectively. Whereas at 50% shade, the highest fruit weight per hectare was found in the Sweet Charlie variety, namely 0.66 t ha-1, and at 75% shade, higher yields were found in the Sweet Charlie and Earlibrite varieties, each of 0.65 t ha-1and 0.55 t ha1. Conclusion: California is a fairly tolerant variety to be developed in the Jatikerto area.
Characterization and virulence of two indigenous entomopathogenic fungal isolates from decayed oil palm empty fruit bunches against Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) ABDUL SAHID; PINTAKA KUSUMANINGTYAS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240260

Abstract

Abstract. Kusumaningtyas P. 2023. Characterization and virulence of two indigenous entomopathogenic fungal isolates from decayed oil palm empty fruit bunches against Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Biodiversitas 24: 1192-1199. The objective of this study was to characterize (morpho-molecular characterization and lignocellulolytic activity) and evaluate the virulence of two indigenous EPF isolates from decayed oil palm empty fruit bunched (OPEFB) against the common cutworm Spodoptera litura Fabr. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under laboratory conditions. The fungi were isolated from OPEFB samples collected from oil palm plantations in Indonesia, and were identified as Fusarium keratoplasticum (isolate TKKS-1) and Metarhizium anisopliae (isolate TKKS-2). Both fungal isolates were tested for their pathogenicity against the 3rd instar larvae of Spodoptera litura Fabr. at the concentration of 1 × 106 conidia/mL. Both fungal isolates showed 100% mortality rate after 7 days of application. Virulence of the EPF isolates against the 3rd instar of S. litura larvae was estimated based on the LC50 values calculated using probit regression analysis. The LC50 values of M. anisopliae and F. keratoplasticum isolates were 1.41 × 105 and 1.02 × 106 conidia/mL, respectively. The LT50 at the concentration of 1 × 106 conidia/mL was 3.82 days for F. keratoplasticum and 3.52 days for M. anisopliae. M. anisopliae showed cellulolytic activity, while F. keratoplasticum exhibited ligninolytic activity. This finding suggests that two EPFs isolated from OPEFBs were highly virulent against S. litura larvae and potential decomposers for lignocellulose. These characteristics indicated significant biocontrol and decomposing properties of lignocellulose waste.
Analysis Mycobacterium lepromatosis as the causative agent of diffuse lepromatous leprosy patient in Indonesia MEDHI DENISA ALINDA; ABDUL KARIM; BAGUS H. KUSUMA PUTRA; ERY WIDAYATI; M. YULIANTO LISTIAWAN; DINAR ADRIATY; ISWAHYUDI ISWAHYUDI; PUPUT ADE WAHYUNINGTYAS; CITA ROSITA PRAKOESWA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 8 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240854

Abstract

Abstract. Adriaty D, Alinda MD, Karim A, Putra BHK, Agusni RI, Iswahyudi, Wahyuningtyas PA, Wahyuni R, Widayati E, Listiawan MY, Prakoeswa CR. 2023. Analysis Mycobacterium lepromatosis as the causative agent of diffuse lepromatous leprosy patient in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4521-4529. The present investigation deals with identifying, besides clinical signs, both microscopically and molecularly, to clearly differentiate the Mycobacterium lepromatosis genome against Mycobacterium leprae so that treatment can be carried out properly. To date, there has yet to be a report on this discovery in Indonesia. A 53-year-old Javanese man had ulceration on both legs that had been reoccurring in the past two years. Some of the ulcers were preceded by blisters that rapidly turned into a wound. The ulcers were described as wide and deep, covered with blackish crusts and some exudative areas with irregular edges. He had a history of recurrent epistaxis and had never been treated for leprosy. There was rapid progression and the development of new ulcers on his legs and hands for two weeks before hospitalization. There was body weakness, no fever, and the skin was shiny and ichthyosiform. On the face, diffuse infiltration will appear without nodules, and madarosis also occurs. Examination in this study used the BTA examination method, histopathological examination with HE and Wade-fite staining with biopsy material and the PCR method using skin slit smear material. The results of the BTA examination showed that BI was 3+, and MI showed 7%. Histopathology showed thinning of the epidermis with many foam cells containing BTA, including endnotes and perivascular tissues. Nested PCR examination with LERF2-MLER4 primers for detecting M. leprae showed a positive result with amplicon 135bp in size. Advanced PCR examination using LPMF2-MLER4 primers for detecting M. lepromatosis also showed a positive result with amplicons 142bp in size. The result of DNA sequencing was consistent with the order of nucleotides of M. lepromatosis. Based on the clinical and histopathological results, it was consistent with diffuse lepromatous leprosy and Lucio’s phenomenon. The DNA sequencing showed a suitable result with M. lepromatosis, which has been reported in Mexico. Thus, it can be concluded that in biomolecular strain, this bacterium is an M. lepromatosis that has never been reported in Indonesia.
Diversity of Penaeidae at the Mengkudu Bay Waters, North Sumatra, Indonesia EDI AZWAR; SULARNO SULARNO; FRANSISKUS PERIODE WARUWU; MHD. RAFI’I MA’ARIF TARIGAN; SYARIFAH WIDYA ULFA; AULIA JUANDA DJAINGSASTRO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240306

Abstract

Abstract. Azwar E, Sularno, Waruwu FP, Tarigan MRM, Ulfa SW, Djaingsastro AJ. 2023. Diversity of Penaeidae at the Teluk Mengkudu Waters, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1376-1384. Microscopic animals play an important role in the growth of marine biota. Crustaceans are a marine biota group often found in waters and have high economic value. Crustaceans also have a significant role in coral reef ecosystems, contributing around 20% of all invertebrate species. Crustaceans are an important group of microbenthic fauna in coastal ecosystems, ranging from mangroves, coral reefs, and seagrass ecosystems. This present study was conducted from April to June 2022 to identify Penaeidae diversity in Teluk Mengkudu waters, Serdang Bedagai District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Furthermore, it used a purposive sampling method to harvest crustacean species near the waters. An exploratory method was applied with quantitative data collection to select Penaeidae crustaceans from the catches retrieved by fishermen. The tools used in this study were boat,  net, fiber, knife, compass, flags, camera, notebook, ice cubes, a thermometer, pH meter, and DO meter. The material used in this study was shrimp caught by fishers. Data collection techniques used interviews and documentation with fishing communities about catching crustaceans at the study site. Data analysis uses the formula diversity, evenness, knowledge richness, and dominance index. Based on the results, Penaeus indicus H.Milne Edwards, 1837 and Metapenaeus ensis (De Haan, 1844) were the two species obtained from the Penaeidae family. The evenness index for P. indicus and M. ensis was respectively highest in June (0.237 and 0.519) but lowest in May (0.203 and 0.510)  with a total value of 2.212. Also, the prominent richness index for both species was respectively highest in June (5.762 and 29.371) but lowest in May (4.568 and 27.053). The highest dominance index (D) was measured in May, where the highest D value of P. indicus was 0.003, and the lowest was 0.002. The highest D of M. ensis was discovered in June, namely 0.086, while the lowest, at 0.073, was recorded in May, and in general, both species had a total D of 0.245. Parameters of salinity, pH, temperature, substrate, and oxygen strongly influence crustacean diversity. The parameters measured in the study area included temperature (28?), salinity (20-35 ppt), DO (6.8 mg/L), and pH (6.7).
Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria from some halophytes in saline desert regions of Uzbekistan BEGALI ALIKULOV; DOSTON GULBOEV; DILNOZA MAXAMMADIEVA; ZARRINA TILLAEVA; SADOKAT OLIMJONOVA; ZAFAR ISMAILOV
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Abstract. Alikulov B, Gulboev D, Maxammadieva D, Tillaeva Z, Olimjonova S, Ismailov Z. 2023. Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria from some halophytes in saline desert regions of Uzbekistan. Biodiversitas 24: 1279-1288. The present study described the experimental results of isolating, characterizing, and selecting promising endophytic bacteria strains from halophytic plants, such as Haloxylon aphyllum, Halocnemum strobilaceum, and Halostachys belangeriana. These common bacteria in the southwestern regions of Uzbekistan are recommended for practical applications. In the present experiments, the effect of treatment with 65 isolates of endophytic bacteria isolated from these plants on the germination of seeds of agricultural crops such as wheat, cotton, and cucumber was evaluated. The result shows 15 promising strains of endophytic-bacteria from halophytic plants were selected and identified using molecular genetic methods. Furthermore, for the first time, we researched the isolation of endophytic bacteria from H. aphyllum, H. strobilaceum, and H. belangeriana plants and studied their properties. The results are useful for efficiently cultivating agricultural crops in areas affected by stress factors.
Chemical composition and antimicrobial effect of Melissa officinalis and Angelica sylvestris on selected microbial pathogens RASHA HADI SALEH; ASEEL MOHAMMAD OMRAN; HALA SAAD BASH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240363

Abstract

Abstract. Saleh RH, Omran AM, Bash HS. 2023. Chemical composition and antimicrobial effect of Melissa officinalis and Angelica sylvestris on selected microbial pathogens. Biodiversitas 24: 1871-1877. Melissa officinalis L. and Angelica sylvestris L. have been used for traditional herbal medicines due to their antimicrobial action against pathogenic microbes. The purpose of this research was to determine the chemical content of the aqueous and ethanol extracts of M. officinalis and A. sylvestris and their antimicrobial activity against selected bacteria and fungi. This study was done from March 2022 to July 2022. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was carried out against three bacterial isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) and one fungal isolate (Candida albicans). The fungal isolate was isolated from the different patients. The concentrations of extracts were 10, 20, 30, 40 mg/mL. The antimicrobial activity was performed using agar diffusion methods and compared to standard gentamycin and fluconazole disc. It has been shown that the major phytochemical composition in M. officinalis and A. sylvestris aqueous and ethanolic extracts were: alkaloids, phenols, glycosides, and flavonoids. The extracts of M. officinalis and A. sylvestris exhibit different antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms, and their activity increased with increasing extract concentration. Melissa officinalis extracts inhibited the growth of all tested microorganisms except C. albicans. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of M. officinalis were more effective against E. coli. A. sylvestris aqueous extract was the most effective against S. aureus. The most potent antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract was detected against K. pneumoniae. The antimicrobial properties of M. officinalis and A. sylvestris are related to their chemical compounds, such as phenols, alkaloids, glycosides, and flavonoids. Both plants extract showed good inhibition against most microorganisms. Based on the research results, M. officinalis and A. sylvestris are potential new sources of antimicrobial agents.

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