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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Characteristics of vegetation in the gumuk ecosystem in Jember District, East Java, Indonesia WIWIN MAISYAROH; LUCHMAN HAKIM; SUDARTO SUDARTO; JATI BATORO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

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Abstract

Abstract. Maisyaroh W, Hakim L, Sudarto, Batoro J. 2023. Characteristics of vegetation in the gumuk ecosystem in Jember District, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1264-1271. Gumuk is a unique Jember district landscape with high ecological value. Currently, gumuk mining is increasing. This study aims to look at the characteristics of the vegetation in the gumuk ecosystem based on a variety of landuses (mixed garden, sand mining, and stone mining). The field survey was carried out at Ledokombo Sub-district, Jember District, East Java, from January to March 2021. First, the distribution of gumuk was identified using GIS, referring to the Van Zuidam landform classification. Then, a vegetation survey was conducted to describe the vegetation structure of the gumuk ecosystem, found 136 gumuk. Gumuk can be classified as gumuk with mixed garden, gumuk for stone mining, and gumuk for sand mining. A total of 202 species (65 families) grow in the gumuk ecosystem. Seedlings had the highest number of species, dominated by Asteraceae and Poaceae, while Malvaceae dominated saplings, poles, and trees. The Gumuk with the highest number of species for all habitus was found at gumuk with mixed gardening category, followed by gumuk with stone mining activity and gumuk for sand mining. At gumuk, mixed garden (H' 4) and stone mining (H' 3.47) had a high diversity of vegetation for seedlings, with the species having the highest IVI being Digitaria sanguinalis. At gumuk sand mining, it also has a high diversity of vegetation (H' 3.06) for seedlings, with the species having the highest IVI being Commelina erecta.
The importance of DNA barcode reference libraries and selection primer pair in monitoring fish diversity using environmental DNA metabarcoding DEWI IMELDA ROESMA; DJONG HON TJONG; SYAIFULLAH SYAIFULLAH; NOFRITA NOFRITA; MUHAMMAD NAZRI JANRA; FURQAN DWIKI LINTANG PRAWIRA; VIOLA MUTIARA SALIS; DYTA RABBANI AIDIL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240438

Abstract

Abstract. Roesma DI, Tjong DH, Syaifullah, Nofrita, Janra MN, Prawira FDL,Salis VM, Aidil DR. 2023.The importance of DNA barcode reference libraries and selection primer pair in monitoring fish diversity using environmental DNA metabarcoding. Biodiversitas 24: 2251-2260. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has become an alternative method used for biodiversity monitoring of an ecosystem. The eDNA metabarcoding has advantages compared to the conventional method because it is non-invasive, quick, and requires less cost. However, the effectiveness of the eDNA method is highly dependent on the coverage of the DNA barcode reference and primerpair. A study using the eDNA method was conducted for fish biodiversity monitoring in Singkarak Lake. Two-liter water samples were collected using sterile bottle samples at each sampling site (five sites). The universal primers (Fish FI and Fish R1) used for Next-generation sequencing (GRIDION, Nanopore, Oxford Technologies). The study detected 152 fish species using eDNA metabarcoding. Ten species out of the 30 originally reported in Singkarak Lake were detected using eDNA metabarcoding. The low percentage of fish detected is thought to be due to several factors; incomplete/unavailability of freshwater fish DNA barcodes in Indonesia registered in the database repository, inappropriate primer pair selection, low DNA quality, and the absence of target species DNA in collected water samples. The results demonstrated the significance of correctly registering DNA barcodes to the database and appropriate primer pair selection to identify eDNA metabarcoding. This study provides recommendations using eDNA metabarcoding for monitoring in future work.
Diversity of phyllospheric Actinomycetes in Liliaceae plants and their potential as growth inhibitors of Alternaria porri CHEPPY WATI; ABDJAD ASIH NAWANGSIH; ARIS TRI WAHYUDI; SURYO WIYONO; ABDUL MUNIF
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241003

Abstract

Abstract. Wati C, Nawangsih AA, Wahyudi AT, Wiyono S, Munif A. 2023. Diversity of phyllospheric Actinomycetes in Liliaceae plants and their potential as growth inhibitors of Alternaria porri. Biodiversitas 24: 5234-5242. Actinomycetes are microorganisms belonging to a group of Gram-positive bacteria, that have the potential to act as biological control agents against various plant pathogens. Phyllospheric Actinomycetes particularly, can inhibit growth of various microorganisms, such as the fungus Alternaria porri Ell. Cif., which causes purple blotch disease in the shallot plants. These microbes thrive on the surface of leaves, particularly in plants belonging to Liliaceae family. Environmental conditions have been proven to greatly affect their diversity. Present investigation aims to determine diversity of phyllospheric Actinomycetes from Liliaceae plants and their potential to inhibit growth of A. porri. The methods used were to investigate, characterize, and quantify isolates from Liliaceae plants. An antagonistic test was conducted on the isolates to examine the proportion of A. porri fungus growth inhibition. The results showed that plants species Allium fistulosum and A. tuberosum were the most common hosts for phyllospheric actinomycetes. Morphological differences were found in shape, color, elevation, edges, surface, and hyphae size, as well as the type of spore violation. The surface texture of colonies was smooth, rough, powdery, and opaque, usually appearing after 7-12 days of isolation. The isolates also inhibited growth of A. porri, causing the mycelium thins, and a clear zone of inhibition between pathogens and Actinomycetes forms. Isolates BCW9 caused the highest suppression of fungus growth 57.78%. This study is the first experiment to evaluate the diversity of phyllosphere Actinomycetes from Liliaceae plants, which are able to control purple blotch disease caused by A. porri in Indonesia. The phyllospheric Actinomycetes were isolated from the same habitat of A. porri. These investigation show the prospect of phyllospheric Actinomycetes as biocontrol agents against another fungal diseases on leaves of another plants.
Biological control of maize downy mildew with the antagonistic bacterial consortium ENDANG MUGIASTUTI; ABDUL MANAN; LOEKAS SOESANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 9 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240904

Abstract

Abstract. Mugiastuti E, Manan A, Soesanto L. 2023. Biological control of maize downy mildew with the antagonistic bacterial consortium. Biodiversitas 24: 4644-4650. Downy mildew is one of the main diseases of maize, which is a limiting factor for maize production in Indonesia. With a consortium of maize-indigenous antagonist bacteria, biological control is expected to reduce downy mildew. The aim of this research was to determine the ability of three antagonistic bacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BB.R3, Bacillus subtilis BB.B4, Pseudomonas putida BB.R1 in suppressing spore germination of Peronoslerospora spp., and to evaluate the ability of their consortium in controlling downy mildew and promote the growth of maize. Based on the research results, antagonistic bacteria B. amyloliquefaciens BB.R3, B. subtilis BB.B4, and P. putida BB.R1 were able to suppress spore germination by 76.68-100%. The bacterial consortium of Bacillus subtilis BB. B4 + Pseudomonas putida BB.R1 was the best consortium of antagonistic bacteria and had the most potential to developed as a downy mildew control and promote the growth of maize. This bacterial consortium delayed the incubation period, lowered the intensity of the disease (85.77%) and AUDPC (83.02%), increased the content of phenols (tannins, glycosides, and saponins), and promoted plant growth (plant height 138.10%, the number of leaves 102.29%, root length 219.89%, fresh plant weight 1091.81%, and dry plant weight 1077.04%) compared to the control. Treatment with antagonistic bacteria showed better results compared to the fungicide metalaxyl. Based on the results, applying antagonistic bacteria consortium is a potential strategy to control maize downy mildew.
Amplicon metabarcoding analysis of bio-extract and its potential on plant growth promotion THANAKORN SAENGSANGA; WASSANA PHANURAK
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240230

Abstract

Abstract. Saengsanga T, Phanurak W. 2023. Amplicon metabarcoding analysis of bio-extract and its potential on plant growth promotion. Biodiversitas 24: 916-922. Bio-extract is a mixture of existing organic waste and molasses in the presence of a suitable carbon source by aerobic and/or anaerobic bacteria. In this study, the mineral constitution, bacterial diversity, and effects of the bio-extract on rice growth were investigated. The bio-extract contained various mineral elements, especially nitrogen, potassium, calcium, iron, and magnesium, at concentrations of 248.56, 124.48, 2100.75, 732.68, and 112.60 mg L-1, respectively. The amounts of plant growth regulators, including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and total cytokinins, were 0.26 and 1.02 mL L-1, respectively. 16S rRNA-based metagenomic libraries yielded 39,892 amplicon sequence reads corresponding to 32 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The Shannon index, Chao 1 index, Gini-Simpson index, and Good's coverage value were 2.68, 32.0, 0.74, and 1.0, respectively. Firmicutes (49.4%), Proteobacteria (45.5%) and Actinobacteria (5.1%) were the predominant phyla. A various concentration of bio-extract (0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% (v/v)) was determined for their effects on the growth of rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L. var. KDML105). The result revealed that highest root and shoot lengths were 7.64±0.63 and 78±0.33 cm, respectively, when 0.1% (v/v) of the bio-extract was applied. This was most effective in increasing the vigor index of rice seedlings, with the highest value of 1466±66, which corresponded to an increase of 15.2% compared to the controls. However, increasing the concentration of the bio-extract (0.5-1.5%, v/v) drastically decreased the root and shoot elongation and vigor index of rice seedlings. These results indicate the bacterial diversity and quality of the bio-extract, and application should be done carefully at appropriate dilutions.
Diversity of medicinal plants sold in the traditional markets in Jambi, Indonesia REVIS ASRA; MAHYA IHSAN; FITRIA ANDRIANI; MARINA SILALAHI; IZU ANDRY FIJRIDIYANTO; ANIS TATIK MARYANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240326

Abstract

Abstract. Asra R, Ihsan M, Andriani F, Silalahi M, Fijridiyanto IA, Maryani AT. 2023. Diversity of medicinal plants sold in the traditional markets in Jambi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1544-1550. Traditional markets are places for local people to do transactions of medicinal plants and traditional cooking spices. The use of plants as traditional medicine is high in Jambi Province, Indonesia. This is because the population in Jambi Province consists of several ethnicities that still practice traditional medicine. This work aims to document and inventory local knowledge of medicinal plants in Jambi's two most important markets. An interview, participatory observation, and documentation were used for data collection. There were 14 respondents of various ages chosen randomly. Data analysis used the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') and Jaccard similarity index (Ji). A total of 78 medicinal plant species belonging to 42 families were found. Most species were from Zingiberaceae (14 species) and Rutaceae (9 species). The diversity indexes (H') of medicinal plants at traditional markets in Jambi are high in the Angso Duo (H'= 4.295) and Talang Banjar Markets (H'= 4.277). The similarity index (Ji) in both markets was high (Ji= 88,5%). Based on the type of disease, the medicinal plants used are classified into 19 groups. The plants are mainly used for digestive disorders (29.49%), muscle tenderness (20.51%), respiratory disorders (14.10%), skin (12.82 %), and cancer (12.82 %). The part of the plant most used for medicine is fruit (26.92%), followed by rhizomes (19.23%) and flowers (15.38%). The results can be used for bioprospecting studies that will lead to the discovery of new drugs.
Phytochemical screening, phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of Rhizophoraceae methanol extracts from Langsa, Aceh, Indonesia INDRIATY INDRIATY; DJUFRI DJUFRI; BINAWATI GINTING; KARTINI HASBALLAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240541

Abstract

Abstract. Indriaty, Djufri, Ginting B, Hasballah K. 2023. Phytochemical screening, phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of Rhizophoraceae methanol extracts from Langsa, Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2865-2876. Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume,Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam., Ceriops decandra (Griff.) Ding Hou, Rhizophora apiculate Blume, and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. are mangrove plant species belonging to Rhizophoraceae that have been used as medicinal plants. Studies on phytochemical screening and bioactivity of Rhizophoraceae mangrove plants from the Aceh region are still limited. This study aimed to analyze the chemical compounds in Rhizophoraceae from Aceh and determine total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity. The chemical compounds were determined using qualitative assay, TLC, and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity was tested against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Twenty extracts from various plant parts of Rhizophoraceae (roots, bark, leaves, and fruit/hypocotyl) were used in this study. The phytochemical screening of Rhizophoraceae plants revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics (tannins), terpenoids, steroids, and saponins. The highest TPC content was obtained from the bark of R. mucronata (484.39 mg GAE/g extract). Furthermore, the highest TFC was found in the leaves of R. apiculata ( 15.23 mg QE/g extract). Nineteen extracts had very high antioxidant activity (IC50: 2.35 ± 0.01 - 29.84 ± 0.19 µg/mL). The bark and roots of C. decandra had the most potent antioxidant activity (IC50: 2.35 0.01 and 3.23 0.01 µg/mL, respectively). The GC-MS revealed the presence of pyrocatechol (15.85%), antiarol (1.44%), and hexadecanoic acid (1.69%), that act as antioxidants. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Rhizophoraceae methanol extract contains phenols in the stem bark and flavonoids in the leaves with very high antioxidant activity as a good source of natural ingredients for future pharmaceutical product development. It is highly recommended to do further research to obtain pure compounds from these plants.
Microalgae diversity in varying habitat characteristics in Pasuruan and Sidoarjo coastal areas, East Java, Indonesia MOHAMMAD MAHMUDI; SULASTRI ARSAD; FIKA FITRIANESIA; SAFRIZAL FIKRI RAMADHAN; ABDUR RAHMAN ARIF; FRIZCA RANIA SAVITRI; ADELITA ASMO DEWINTA; ANINDYA DIVANATA ONGKOSONGO; MUHAMMAD MUSA; EVELLIN DEWI LUSIANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 8 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240823

Abstract

Abstract. Mahmudi M, Arsad S, Fitrianesia F, Ramadhan SF, Arif AR, Savitri FR, Dewinta AA, Ongkosongo AD, Musa M, Lusiana ED. 2023. Microalgae diversity in varying habitat characteristics in Pasuruan and Sidoarjo coastal areas, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4418-4426. Microalgae are microscopic eukaryotic organisms which live in various types of habitats. The purpose of this study was to identify the types and the abundance of microalgae in several sub-habitats, namely sediments, mangroves, water columns, and artificial substrates; and to analyze the environmental factors that affect the abundance of microalgae. The research was conducted in several sites in the coastal areas in Pasuruan and Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia. A quantitative descriptive method was applied with data collection used a purposive sampling method. Samples were collected using net for planktonic microalgae and using sampling plot for epiphytic and benthic microalgae. The microalgae were grouped using NMDS (non-metric multidimensional scaling) and the relationships between microalgae abundance and water quality parameters were analyzed using CCA (canonical correspondence analysis). The results show that Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, and Chlorophyceae classes were found in all study sites, but Trebouxiophyceae and Dinophyceae were only found in Pasuruan Beach. The highest abundance of microalgae was found in sediment habitat in Wughoyo Beach, Sidoarjo with 706,605 ind. cm-2. The diversity, the evenness, and the dominance index in both coastal areas ranged from 1.43-2.61; 0.71-0.96; and 0.06-0.27, respectively. Similarity analysis using the NMDS showed that there was no similarity among the three sites, suggesting each site had high microalgal variation. The CCA analysis showed that Bacillariophyceae were found in all sites, indicating its high adaptability. The results of this analysis imply that particular habitat has a unique microalgae diversity, thus preserving diverse habitat types is important.
Incidence of Escherichia coli producing Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in wastewater of dairy farms in East Java, Indonesia FIDI NUR AINI EKA PUJI DAMEANTI; SHEILA MARTY YANESTRIA; AGUS WIDODO; MUSTOFA HELMI EFFENDI; HANI PLUMERIASTUTI; WIWIEK TYASNINGSIH; RAHAYU SUTRISNO; M. ALI AKRAMSYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240254

Abstract

Abstract. Dameanti FNAP, Yanestria SM, Widodo A, Effendi MH, Plumeriastuti H, Tyasningsih W, Sutrisno R, Akramsyah MA. 2023. Incidence of Escherichia coli producing Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) in wastewater of dairy farms in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1143-1150. Poor wastewater treatment on dairy farms can potentially become environmental contaminants (hazardous chemicals, organic matter, and pathogenic bacteria). Bacteria from dairy cattle that have been resistant can be found in wastewater. It can migrate around the farm and cause resistance to environmental microbiota. Over the years, cases of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Escherichia coli bacteria are increasing due to the uncontrolled use of antibiotics in dairy farms. The present study aimed to identify the potential occurrence of dairy farm wastewater as a reservoir for Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli in East Java. The number of research samples used was 342 and came from 6 cities/regencies with the highest dairy cattle population in East Java (Pasuruan District, Malang District, Tulungagung District, Blitar District, Batu City, and Kediri District). The results showed that 69.30% (237/342) of dairy farm wastewater samples were positive for E. coli. The incidence of Escherichia coli AMR was 99.17% (235/237). The resistance conditions to each class of antibiotics were 76.4% ampicillin, 66.2% cefotaxime, 37.6% tetracycline, 15.6% ciprofloxacin, 96.2% streptomycin, 16.5% sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and 84.0% chloramphenicol. The incidence of E. coli MDR was 84.25% (198/235), with the highest incidence (44.44%; 88/198) found in the four groups of antibiotics. The incidence of ESBL-producing E. coli from samples of dairy farm wastewater in East Java through DDST confirmation was 22.80% (78/342), with the highest incidence (20.51%; 16/78) in Pasuruan District and Batu City. In conclusion, dairy farm wastewater could be a reservoir for ESBL-producing E. coli which has the potential to impact human health in East Java Province.
Exploration of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from mangrove soil of Lamongan, East Java, Indonesia FATIMAH FATIMAH; NUR AULA; SYARIFAH SALSABILA; ZAKIA ASRIFAH RAMLY; SHERINA YULIA ROSE; TINI SURTININGSIH; TRI NURHARIYATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240269

Abstract

Abstract. Fatimah, Aula N, Salsabila S, Ramly ZA, Rose SY, Surtiningsih T, Nurhariyati T. 2023. Exploration of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from mangrove soil of Lamongan, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1272-1278. The objective of this research was to obtain and characterize bacterial isolates from mangrove soil Lamongan, East Java, Indonesia, screen the ability of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) and determine their Phosphate Solubilization Index (PSI), and identify the species of most potential PSB. Bacteria were isolated and characterized macroscopically on Nutrient Agar media. Microscopic characteristics were observed by Gram staining. Phosphate solubility test carried out using Pikovskaya Agar media. The highest PSI value bacteria was identified molecularly using 16S rRNA gene. This explorative study was analyzed descriptively. The results showed that a total of 17 isolates were obtained, of which 14 isolates were classified as Gram-positive bacteria and 3 isolates were classified as Gram-negative bacteria. All the 17 bacterial isolates showed different colony morphology. Amongst the 17 isolates, 12 of them were PSB. The TL-8 isolate was the most potential PSB, with a PSI value of 2.82. Based on the results of molecular identification with the 16S rRNA gene, TL-8 was identified as Lysinibacillus fusiformis TL-8, had 99.57% similarity with L. fusiformis strain NBRC 15717T.102 with a query cover of 100%.

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