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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Articles 6,315 Documents
Butterfly species in Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia Roni Koneri; Meis Jacinta Nangoy; Pience Veralyn Maabuat; Wakhid Wakhid
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240266

Abstract

Abstract. Koneri R, Nangoy MJ, Maabuat PV, Wakhid. 2023. Butterfly species in Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1242-1251. Changes in the landscape spatially and temporally impacted the fauna distribution and diversity, such as butterflies. This research analyzed the diversity in the Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park area, in Toraut Village, West Dumoga Sub-district, Bolaang Mongondow District, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. A survey method was used with purposive sampling in 4 habitats: a waterfall located within the national park area, forest edge, agricultural land, and shrubs. The sampling and sweeping techniques following the line transect were applied randomly along 300 m in each habitat type. Furthermore, data analysis included distribution, abundance, richness index, diversity index, species evenness index, the correlation between environmental factors and species diversity, and butterfly species similarity index between habitats. Overall, 1594 individuals from 71 species in 5 families were identified. The family with the highest number of species and individuals was Nymphalidae, while the most common was Catopsilia scylla of the orange emigrant. The highest average abundance and evenness were found at the forest edge, while the highest richness and diversity were in the waterfall. According to the analysis of similarity (ANOSIM), the composition of butterflies in four habitats was significantly different. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the waterfall habitat was characterized by high relative humidity, low air temperature, and light intensity. The ordinance plot represented a waterfall separated from the three other habitats; hence, the environmental factors differed. Waterfall and forest edges had the highest diversity due to the complex vegetation structure and environmental factors supporting survival.
Parasitoid of cassava mealybug, Anagyrus lopezi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae): Mummy size, adult emergence, sex ratio, and parasitization level Fatayatun Naimah; Dewi Sartiami; Nina Maryana; Ruly Anwar; Pudjianto Pudjianto
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240335

Abstract

Abstract. Naimah F, Sartiami D, Maryana N, Anwar R, Pudjianto. 2023. Parasitoid of cassava mealybug, Anagyrus lopezi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae): mummy size, adult emergence, sex ratio, and parasitization level. Biodiversitas 24: 1629-1634. The presence of Anagyrus lopezi as a natural enemy can reduce the population of Phenacoccus manihoti. This parasitoid was introduced from Thailand to Indonesia in 2014 to control cassava mealybugs. This research aims to determine the mummy length and width, adult emergence time, sex ratio, and parasitization level. This study was conducted in July-November 2022, while parasitoids and mealybugs were obtained from Bogor, Indonesia. The size of mummies was measured under Dino-light digital microscope; the emergence time was counted for 24 hours within six days, and the sex ratio of parasitoids was calculated based on the number of males and females emergence. The parasitization level was observed from four female parasitoids at 120, 160, and 200 of host population densities. The study showed the length and width of female mummies (n: 100) were 0.71 mm and 1.64, while the length and width of male mummies (n: 100) were shorter than female with 1.00 mm and 2.18 mm. The peak time of adult emergence is A. lopezi, i.e., during the daytime at 09:01-12:00 AM and 03:01-06:00 PM. The sex ratio of parasitoids from the field and laboratory was 1:0.49, 1:1.05, and 1:1.09, respectively. The one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test at a 5% significance level showed that the host population density of 120 nymphs was significantly different from other densities, with a parasitization level of 66.7%.
Effectiveness of biofungicide formula on rhizome rot disease of red ginger and its plant growth HUSDA MARWAN; ISLAH HAYATI; SRI MULYATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240425

Abstract

Abstract. Marwan H, Hayati I, Mulyati S. 2023. Effectiveness of biofungicide formula on rhizome rot disease of red ginger and its plant growth. Biodiversitas 24: 2143-2148. Rhizome rot disease is a serious problem in red ginger cultivation in Indonesia. The development of organic red ginger cultivation to meet the demand for phytopharmaca raw materials requires a method of controlling rhizome rot disease without synthetic pesticides. The application of microbial biopesticides is one of the disease control methods that can be used to control rhizome rot disease in red ginger plants caused by Fusarium oxysporum. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of biofungicide formula containing Trichoderma sp. TBP1 and Bacillus spp. (PBC25 and PBC32 isolates) on plant growth and disease incidence in red ginger. The results of in vitro testing showed that Trichoderma sp. (TBP1) isolate was able to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum by 83%. The inhibition of F. oxysporum by Bacillus spp. isolates, namely PBC25 and PBC32 were 53.3% and 50%. It was observed that application of several biofungicide formulas containing Trichoderma sp. and Bacillus spp. on ginger rhizome before planting and 30 days after planting enhanced the growth of ginger plants and suppressed the development of rhizome rot disease between 78.57 - 93.3%.
Edge effects at multifunctional agro-landscapes in Jember, Indonesia, on the augmentation of butterfly diversity AGUNG SIH KURNIANTO; NANANG TRI HARYADI; NILASARI DEWI; MIFTACHURROHMI MIFTACHURROHMI; ANDI ROHMANA; GITINDRA IKHLASUL AMAL; LUHUR SEPTIADI; ANGGUN SAUSAN FIRDAUS; NUR LAILA MAGVIRA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240436

Abstract

Abstract. Kurnianto AS, Haryadi NT, Dewi N, Miftachurrohmi, Rohmana A, Amal GI, Septiadi L, Firdaus AS, Magvira NL. 2023. Edge effects at multifunctional agro-landscapes in Jember, Indonesia, on the augmentation of butterfly diversity. Biodiversitas 24: 2231-2241. Butterflies are important pollinators and bioindicator communities in agro-landscapes. Assessing changes in butterfly communities, such as abundance and diversity, is essential in evaluating the response of butterflies to ecosystem disturbance. However, edge effects on agro-landscapes are highly influenced by land management. This study aims to objectively investigate the interactions between agroforestry management, including mono-shade, complex, and agroforestry-monoculture systems, with butterfly diversity to assess the impact of edge effects on butterfly communities. Sampling was conducted using Van Sommeren traps (T=150 cm; D=30 cm) baited with fermented bananas. Each trap was hung three meters high on a tree with three replicates in one location. Within 24 hours, the butterflies were collected, dried in an oven for 3x24 hours, and identified. The ecological indices were calculated using PAST 3.26, including the Shannon-Wiener index, the Simpson dominance index (D), the Simpson diversity index (1_D), the Margalef index, and the Evenness index. Therefore, 61 specimens, including 59 Nymphalidae and 2 Pieridae, were successfully collected. There are Nympahlidae families: Amathusia phidippus Linnaeus, 1763 (1), Elymnias casiphone Hübner, 1824 (2), Elymnias hypermnestra Linnaeus, 1763 (2), Euthalia aconthea Cramer, 1779 (1), Euthalia monina Fabricius, 1787 (1), Junonia atlites Linnaeus, 1763 (1), Junonia iphita Cramer, 1782 (1), Lethe europa Fabricius, 1775 (1), Melanitis leda Linnaeus, 1758 (24), Melanitis phedima Cramer, 1782 (4), Mycalesis fuscum Felder, 1860 (2), Mycalesis horsfieldi Moore, 1892 (1), Mycalesis janardana Moore, 1857 (6), Mycalesis nala Felder, 1859 (1), Mycaleses perseus Fabricius, 1775 (1), Mycalesis sudra Felder, 1867 (2), Orsotriaena cinerea Butler, 1867 (1), Orsotriaena medus Fabricius, 1775 (2), Polyura athamas Drury, 1773 (3), Polyura schreiberi Godart, 1824 (1), Tanaecia trigerta Moore, 1857 (1). There are families Pieridae: Leptosia nina Fabricius, 1793 (1), Eurema blanda Boisduval, 1836 (2). Comparison between complex and monoculture sites showed substantial differences. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference between mono-shade and monoculture sites. Butterfly diversity at the three locations was categorized as moderate. The highest diversity was observed in mono-shade sites. The three similarity indices showed that the agroforestry complex and monoculture locations have high similarity. Melanitis leda Linnaeus, 1758 was found in 3 sites and commonly found in complex sites (16), followed by monoculture (6) and mono-shade (2). This study indicated that edge effects have a significant influence, especially on the diversity of butterflies in the monoculture area.
Ecolichenology of Eastern Ghats diversity against climatic fluctuations in Kolli Hills, India RUBAVATHI SUBBAIYAN; AYYAPPADASAN GANESAN; SARANYA DHANUSKODI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240171

Abstract

Abstract. Subbaiyan R, Ganesan A, Dhanuskodi S. 2023. Ecolichenology of Eastern Ghats diversity against climatic fluctuations in Kolli Hills, India. Biodiversitas 24: 625-635. Lichens are major components of earthbound and marine environments. A lichen is a symbiotic form of algae and fungi adapted to survive in different altitudes and environmental conditions. The lichen morphology is divided into three, based on their habitat: crustose, foliose, and fruticose lichens. Eastern Ghats (EG) contribute significantly to both the endemicity and species richness of the Indian region. However, EG forests are relatively unexplored and have received less conservation consideration than the Western Ghats. Unexplored Eastern Ghats were studied to analyze the ecolichenology against climatic fluctuations. The objective of this paper is to build a stock of epiphytic lichens within the Kolli slopes. Kolli Hills are one of the ancient richest floral and faunal biodiversity hotspots of Eastern Ghats. It is assessed from the year 2018 to that 2021 with different climatic seasonal variations. The least diversity was found with the Arthonioid > Usneoid > Scaly > Ramalinoid types. Highly denser than the Parmelioid foliose and Usneoid, the Ramlinoid species was rich in numbers with healthy thallus. The population was stopped, or the least amount of thallus growth was noticed from the high rainfall season and gradual reduction in the summer. The Ramalinoid and Parmelioid lichens were found to be easy identifiers. The richness was reduced dependently and independently with nature. The health of lichens was encountered with only morphological appurtenance. Based on the lichen group, the maximum distribution was observed in Usneoid and Ramalinoid categories. The last distribution was found with Leprose and Scaly lichens. The forest wealth was described with the denser lichen patches and the shrinkages of Parmelioid lichens, especially the Dirinaria and Parmoterma, acting as a wealth analysis tool of the forest ecosystems.
Isolation and molecular characterization of probiotic from Sidamanik green tea (Camellia sinensis) fermentation ALIYAH FAHMI; SUMARYATI SYUKUR; ZULKARNAIN CHAIDIR; SRI MELIA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 8 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240809

Abstract

Abstract. Fahmi A, Syukur S, Chaidir Z, Melia S. 2023. Isolation and molecular characterization of probiotic from Sidamanik green tea (Camellia sinensis) fermentation. Biodiversitas 24: 4277-4288. The bioavailability of green tea catechins is reduced in the gastrointestinal tract because of its instability. Probiotics are expected to increase their bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract.There is no any information about Sidamanik fermented green tea, either probiotics, antimicrobial activity, or probiotic species that are beneficial to health. This research aims to isolate and test the characterization of probiotics from fermented green tea. Green tea from Sidamanik Sub-district was fermented with palm sugar and forest honey with 24, 48, and 72 h variation times. The fermented green tea was tested for morphological characterization,Gram staining, catalase test, and fermentation test. Then the resistance test to bile acids and salts and the antimicrobial activitytest against three pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli Q157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, and Listeria monocytogenes CFSAN004330. Two strains were selected from this series of tests, which were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing from different green tea fermented at the same fermentation time. The results indicated a positive lactic acid bacteria (LAB) morphological test. The characteristics of LAB can be described as a single colony being seen with a round, smooth, yellowish-white color, and a clear zone was formed around the colony, positive Gram, negative catalase, and homofermentative. LAB strains 1.1., and 4.1 were chosen to test their antimicrobial activity because they had the best acid and salt resistance viability. Then the results of molecular identification of 16S rRNA gene found that the probiotics contained in LAB strain 1.1. was Lactobacillus plantarum Y-1 and in LAB strain 4.1 was Lacticaseibacillus paracasei HBUAS62903. This study aims to find a new product of fermented green tea that has benefits in digestive health because it contains naturally processed lactic acid bacteria, is cheaper, simpler, stable at room temperature, durable in storage, and easy to serve.
Morphology and pitcher's color Nepenthes in Batu Lubang Sibolga Area, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia MHD. RAFI’I MA’ARIF TARIGAN; SUHARTINI AZIS; INDAYANA FEBRIANI TANJUNG; CORNELI PARY; MIZA NINA ADLINI; UMMI NUR AFINNI DWI JAYANTI; ARDIANTO ARDIANTO; ANDI YURNI ULFA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240403

Abstract

Abstract. Tarigan MRM, Aziz S, Tanjung IF, Pary C, Adlini MN, Jayanti UNAD, Ardianto, Ulfa AY. 2023. Morphology and pitcher's color Nepenthes in Batu Lubang Sibolga Area, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1953-1962. The study's objective was to identify the size, color, and shape of a pitcher of Nepenthes found in the Batu Lubang Sibolga region. Purposive sampling is used as part of an exploratory approach in this study. Plot-based Nepenthes observation was conducted in the Sitahuis District, Central Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, to examine pitcher morphology and color. The results showed two species of Nepenthes, namely N. gracilis Korth and N. eustachya Miq, with two types of pitchers each, namely the lower and upper pitcher. The morphology of the Nepenthes pitchers has an almost similar shape but differs in the size of the pitcher circumference, where the lower pitcher is smaller than the upper pitcher. The bottom pitcher of N. gracilis has redwood (45%), and the upper pitcher is light green (55%), according to the proportion of observations of the color of the lower and upper pitchers of these two species. While the upper pitcher of N. eustachya is green with red dots (70%), the lower pitcher is light reddish green (30%). According to the study's findings, Nepenthes in the Batu Lubang Sibolga area required conservation intervention to preserve this species.
Diversity of the medicinal plant in homegarden of local communities in the coastal area of Prigi Bay, Trenggalek, East Java, Indonesia NIA AGUSTINA; TIMOTHY JEFFREY WALTER HUTAURUK; NUNIK SULISTYANINGRUM; SYARIFUDIN MAHFUDH YUDHANTO; NOR LIZA; LIA KUSUMANINGRUM; SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO; AHMAD YASA; SURAPON SAENSOUK; DARLINA MD. NAIM; AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 12 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231226

Abstract

Abstract. Agustina N, Hutauruk TJW, Sulistyaningrum N, Yudhanto SM, Liza N, Kusumaningrum L, Sugiyarto, Yasa A, Saensouk S, Naim DMD, Setyawan AD. 2022. Diversity of the medicinal plant in homegarden of local communities in the coastal area of Prigi Bay, Trenggalek, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6302-6312. Homegarden is a part of the agroforestry system that is essential in a food security program. It also reflects the social and traditional practices in certain areas that define the composition of plants. One common plant that grows in a homegarden area is herbal medicine. The knowledge about medicinal plants in society is essential to ensure the sustainability of this local wisdom to be passed through the subsequent generations. This research aimed to examine the diversity of medicinal plants planted in homegarden in Tasikmadu, Prigi, and Karanggandu Villages, Watulimo Sub-district, East Java, Indonesia. The research used a field survey of plant inventory and a semi-structured interview to gather ethnobotanical information. A total of 60 respondents were obtained by purposive sampling, with residents with homegardens preferred to be interviewed. The discussion results showed that 32 families of 59 medicinal plant species found in the study areas are consumed for medicinal purposes. Zingiberaceae is referred to as the highest family consumed by the respondents. Leaves and rhizomes are the most commonly utilized part, while decoction is the most popular preparation method. This study revealed that people aged 46-55 have the highest knowledge of medicinal plants. At the same time, women are considered to know more about herbal medicine compared to men.
Public choice for payment vehicles of turtle conservation in Terengganu, Malaysia MAHIRAH KAMALUDIN; ROSELIZA MAT ALIPIAH; NIK SALBIAH NIK NORDIN; NURAIN AFIQAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240172

Abstract

Abstract. Kamaludin M, Alipiah RM, Nordin NSN, Afiqah N. 2023. Public choice for payment vehicles of turtle conservation in Terengganu, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 24: 636-644. Sea turtle is known as the iconic natural heritage in Terengganu, Malaysia. Unfortunately, the turtle populations are declining these days due to many threats such as incidental catch, human activities, coastal development, irresponsible tourism, and poaching. Besides, erosion occurs on some beaches, reducing the area available for turtle nesting. This study determines marginal willingness to pay (WTP) for sea turtle conservation programs with two different payment vehicles i.e. tax collection and trust fund in Terengganu, Malaysia. The choice experiment (CE) method was utilized to calculate the marginal WTP of four attributes (population of sea turtles, communities involved, conservation activities and tax/trust fund). The study found that public placed a higher value of the marginal WTP on the ‘conservation activities’ attribute with RM3.32 (tax) and RM110.11 (trust fund), while the public exhibited higher values of WTP on the medium of payment vehicle (trust fund), where the coercive payment was not favorable among them. Therefore, a workable and suitable medium of payment is essential to support the efforts in protecting sea turtles and keeping coral reefs and sea grass beds healthy. After all, more sea turtles will survive and thrive to maintain the fragility of ecosystem's balance in the ocean.
New leaf fall disease in rubber-pathogen characterization and rubber clone resistance evaluation using detached leaf assay MUHAMAD RIZQI DAROJAT; SINTHO WAHYUNING ARDHIE; FETRINA OKTAVIA; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240401

Abstract

Abstract. Darojat MR, Ardhie SW, Oktavia F, Sudarsono. 2023. New leaf fall disease in rubber-pathogen characterization and rubber clone resistance evaluation using detached leaf assay. Biodiversitas 24: 1935-1945. Leaf fall disease (LFD) has become a significant issue for rubber plantations worldwide. Over the last four years, a newly emerging LFD has posed an alarming problem in natural rubber production. The most efficient way to control LFD is to use resistance rubber clones. Therefore, this study aims to characterize the pathogen causing the newly emerging LFD and evaluate rubber clone resistance to the pathogen using detached-leaf assay. The fungal pathogens were isolated from 32 F1 progenies of PB 260 x SP 217 crosses, and the fungi were characterized and identified based on their morphological and molecular characteristics. The results showed that the isolated pathogen causing LFD was Neopestalotiopsis sp. Although they were all pathogenic, the arrays of isolated fungi exhibited various degrees of virulence, and P-212 was the most virulent fungal isolate. The resistance evaluation showed that rubber clones, isolates, and rubber clones by isolate interactions had a significant (p<0.05) effect on the lesion-symptom diameters. Based on the lesion diameter responses, the IRR 112 and RRIC 100 rubber clones were resistant to Pestalotiopsis sp. since they only showed less than 10 mm lesion diameters. The IRR 39 and PB 260 rubber clones were susceptible and showed more than 20 mm lesion diameters. The detached-leaf assay can easily screen rubber clones' responses to the fungi causing LFD. The resistance evaluation results can assist future rubber breeding strategies for the newly emerged LFD-resistant characters.

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