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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Tropical climate change and its impact on horticultural plants in Enrekang District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia AMIR YASSI; EYMAL B. DEMMALLINO; HAIRUL RACHMAN SULTANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 6 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240601

Abstract

Abstract.Yassi A, Demmallino EB, Sultani HR. 2023. Tropical climate change and its impact on horticultural plants in Enrekang District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3073-3079. Global, regional, and local changes in climate are phenomenologically different and have distinct impacts on the horticultural and agricultural sectors. Therefore, this research aims to examine tropical climate change in South Sulawesi, Indonesia and analyze its impact on horticultural crops. Apost-positivistic interpretation framework of the case study tradition was used, while the location was determined by purposive sampling followed by comprehensive data collection. Data were analyzed using integrated techniques, and validity tests were carried outto assess thecredibility and reliability. The results indicated a local climate change marked by a differencein the pattern of distribution and intensity of extreme rainfall between 2015 and 2018. This was due toan increase in air temperature, which on average reached ±0.03731°C from the lowest of 22.50°C in 2011 to the highest of 23.12°C in 2020. In other words, it can be stated that the air temperature had increased by ±0.63°C in the last decade. The impact on various types of horticultural crops was marked by a decrease in the production of several kinds of Chinese cabbage,carrots, and green beans in 2015 as well asa very drastic reductionin potato crop production in 2018, while cabbage plants experienced a peak in production in 2018. Some types of horticultural crops such as shallots, cabbage and red chili began to stabilize and even increased their production in the aftermath of climate changeduring said period.
Detection of biofilm-related genes and antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from clinical specimens SHNA OTHMAN KAKA SAADULLA; SIRWAN MUHSIN MUHAMMED
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240356

Abstract

Abstract. Saadulla SOK, Muhammed SM. 2023. Detection of biofilm-related genes and antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from clinical specimens. Biodiversitas 24: 1809-1816. A total of 53 Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates were collected from patients treated at Shar Hospital in Sulaimani city to determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns and their association between biofilm formation and the distribution of biofilm-related genes. Identification of suspected A. baumannii was carried out by conventional and molecular approaches, including 16S rRNA and blaoxa-51 gene amplification. In addition, disk diffusion and microtiter plate methods determined antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm-forming capability, respectively. Out of 53 A. baumannii clinical isolates 42 (79.24%), were Multidrug-Resistant (MDR), of which 3 (5.66%) were resistant to colistin. Overall, 33 (62.26%) of the clinical isolates were strong biofilm producers, 6 (11.32%) were moderate or weak biofilm producers, and 8 (15.09%) were non-biofilm-forming isolates. The frequency of biofilm-related genes ompA, bap, csuE, blaPER-1, and cpaA among A. baumannii strains was 92.45%, 79.24%, 73.58%, 9.43%, and 7.54%, respectively. The high frequency of multi-drug resistant strains, and their ability to form biofilms, is a potential threat to effective therapy and may increase morbidity and mortality in infected patients. Colistin appeared to be the most effective antibiotic for treating MDR A. baumannii infections.
Phenotypic detection strategies of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cat nasal swab in Madiun city, Indonesia SAUMI KIREY MILLANNIA; ASWIN RAFIF KHAIRULLAH; MUSTOFA HELMI EFFENDI; SUZANITA UTAMA; SHENDY CANADYA KURNIAWAN; DANIAH ASHRI AFNANI; OTTO SAHAT MARTUA SILAEN; SAFIRA RAMADHANI; SANCAKA CHASYER RAMANDINIANTO; YUSAC KRISTANTO KHODA WARUWU; AGUS WIDODO; GIOVANNI DWI SYAHNI PUTRA; MUHAMMAD THORIQ IHZA FARIZQI; KATTY HENDRIANA PRISCILIA RIWU
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240233

Abstract

Abstract. Millannia SK, Khairullah AR, Effendi MH, Utama S, Kurniawan SC, Afnani DA, Silaen OSM, Ramadhani S, Ramandinianto SC, Waruwu YKK, Widodo A, Putra GDS, Farizqi MTI, Riwu KHP. 2023. Phenotypic detection strategies of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cat nasal swab in Madiun city, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 940-946. Over the past ten years, the rise of bacterial disease resistance to antibiotics has presented challenges for veterinarians treating pets. Every day direct contact between pets and their owners is a risk for the spread of harmful bacteria. One of the most frequent patients in veterinary hospitals or clinics is cats. The prevalence of S. aureus infection is rising and becoming more serious as a result of antibiotic resistance, or what is known as multi-drug resistance (MDR). Pet owners and their pets may carry MDR S. aureus through zoonotic transmission. In 2018, MDR events were reported to infect ICU patients at Madiun City Hospital, East Java, Indonesia. Based on this backdrop, the authors decided to perform a study on the S. aureus bacteria resistance test of cefoxitin, tetracycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, and ampicillin bacteria obtained from cat nasal swabs in Madiun City. Making an MSA medium is the first step in bacterial isolation. Then, the Gram stain test identifies the species of Gram bacteria present in the colony. The following step is the catalase and coagulase assays, pinpointing the S. aureus bacterium. The Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method was used to conduct an antibiotic sensitivity test. With the aid of tweezers, paper discs containing the medicines cefoxitin 30 µg, tetracycline 30 µg, erythromycin 15 µg, gentamicin 10 µg and ampicillin 10 µg, are set apart from one another by 25 to 30 mm on an MHA medium. According to sample examination findings, S. aureus was present in 80 (80%), and six isolates (7.5%) were confirmed to be Multi-drug Resistance (MDR). The spread of MDR bacteria in people and animals can result in recurrent infections, a rise in complications, and an increase in morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, rational antibiotic use must be made for both humans and animals to stop the emergence of antibiotic resistance in the veterinary clinic in Madiun City.
The effect of land management and organic matter inputs on bacterial population and soil nutrients across different types of agroforestry system MAYDELLA VISTA PUTRI RINADY; YULIA NURAINI; CAHYO PRAYOGO; NOVI ARFARITA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240302

Abstract

Abstract. Rinady MVP, Nuraini Y, Prayogo C, Arfarita N. 2023. The effect of land management and organic matter inputs on bacterial population and soil nutrients across different types of agroforestry system. Biodiversitas 24: 1333-1345. Different management of agroforestry systems changes crop composition and growth. This will affect organic matter inputs that become the source of food and energy for soil microorganisms. The soil organisms themself play an important role in amplifying soil biogeochemical processes and regulating soil reactions. This process allows the nutrients to be released into the soil and absorbed by the crop. This study aimed to examine the abundance of soil bacterial population and the changes in soil chemical properties (soil pH, total soil organic carbon (C), and total soil N (Nitrogen) under different land management and organic matter inputs. The determination of total organic C and total soil N was used by Walkey and Black and Kjedahl methods. Total Plate Count (TPC) techniques were employed to measure Total Bacteria Population (TBP) and Total Cellulolytic Bacteria (TCB). The Randomized Complete Block Design was used along with the 5% Tukey's test to examine the significant effect of the treatments. These treatments consisted of various agroforestry system as follow: (i) pine-coffee agroforestry system (PK), (ii) pine-banana agroforestry system (PPs), (iii) pine-cardamom agroforestry system (PR), (iv) pine-vegetable agroforestry system (PS), (v) mixed garden (KC), and (vi) citrus (LJ). Each treatment was repeated four times to obtain 24 experimental plots using a size of 20 m x 20 m. The results showed that the highest organic C and N content was obtained at the PK (agroforestry of pine at 41 years and coffee at 11 years old) plot, which was about 6.64% and 0.56%. Those parameters strongly correspond to the greatest soil bacteria population and soil cellulolytic bacteria population at the value of 1,71 x 105 CFU/g and 4,24 x 104 CFU/g, resulting from the greatest quantity of in-situ litter accumulation at PK plot to reach about 201.35 g. The dry weight value of litter in situ at the PK plot is greater than that of the PS and LJ plots by 81% and 87%. A power equation followed the relationship between soil organic C and the total bacteria population. A similar trend has been observed between total soil Nitrogen and total bacteria population. We concluded that changes in different management could affect soil chemical conditions and the changes in the total population of soil bacteria and cellulolytic soil bacteria.
Forest structures and carbon stocks of community forests with different forest management in Maha Sarakham Province, Thailand WANNACHAI WANNASINGHA; BHUVADOL GOMONTEAN; YANNAWUT UTTARUK
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240216

Abstract

Abstract. Wannasingha W, Gomontean B, Uttaruk Y. 2023. Forest structures and carbon stocks of community forests with different forest management in Maha Sarakham Province, Thailand. Biodiversitas 24: 799-809. Forest management comprises strategies and practices to regulate human activities and the utilization of forest products. Management and regulations have various effects on forest structure, tree diversity and carbon accumulation. This study was conducted in three community forests with different levels of rule regulations and managed duration in the northeast of Thailand. Thirty of 20×20 m plots were placed for recording all trees with diameter at breast height (dbh) ?4.5 cm and >1.3 m height. One hundred and fifty plots of soil samples at 0-25 cm and 25-50 cm depths were also collected for organic carbon analysis. Forest carbon stocks were calculated from the sum of carbon in aboveground biomass (AGB) and soil organic carbon (SOC). The results showed that tree density, basal area, Shannon diversity index and evenness index of the best practices (BP) plots were higher than the plots in which moderate (MP) and slight practices (SP) were applied. Tree heights of the BP and MP forests were higher than the SP forest. The L-shape of dbh class distribution in all community forests means they were secondary forests; tree density was highest in the small dbh class and declined in the bigger size class. The bigger dbh class tree showed higher aboveground carbon (AGC) despite the lower tree density in all community forests. Most of the BP forest plots had the highest carbon stock (93.89, 80.52 and 54.96 Mg C ha-1) and CO2 absorption (344.25, 295.23 and 201.53 Mg CO2equiv.) compared with the others. Our results demonstrate the importance of forest management in affecting forest structures, carbon sequestration and carbon dioxide absorption from the atmosphere to reduce and mitigate climate change.
Exploration of indigenous copper and dye-resistant bacteria isolated from Citarum River, West Java, Indonesia WAHYU IRAWATI; DWI NINGSIH SUSILOWATI; INDAH SOFIANA; VALENTINE LINDARTO; REINHARD PINONTOAN; TRIWIBOWO YUWONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240263

Abstract

Abstract. Irawati W, Susilowati DN, Sofiana I, Lindarto V, Pinontoan R, Yuwono T. 2023. Exploration of indigenous copper and dye-resistant bacteria isolated from Citarum River, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1215-1223. Bacterial bioremediation utilizing indigenous bacteria has been reported as an effective, economical, and eco-friendly solution to marine contamination. However, study on the use of dye and copper-resistant bacteria has not been done much. The study aimed to isolate copper and dye-resistant bacteria, determining copper and dye resistance and decolorization abilities. Copper and dye-resistant bacteria were isolated from the Citarum River, West Java, Indonesia. Bacterial isolates were identified based on 16S rDNA gene analysis. Copper resistance was determined by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CuSO4. Dye resistance was observed by growing the bacterial isolates on a medium containing 100-500 ppm of various dyes. The dye decolorization was analyzed by monitoring the absorbance of each dye using a spectrophotometer. Fifty-four of copper indigenous resistant bacteria have been isolated. Nine bacterial isolates that showed high resistance to copper and dye with the MIC of 11 mM CuSO4 were identified as Siccibacter colletis, Acinetobacter baumannii, Lysinibacillus fusiformis, Bacillus cereus, and Escherichia coli. The highest multi-resistant bacterium was Bacillus cereus CTR 200 3.2 with decolorization rates of 93.04%, 61.9%, and 87.43% on 100 ppm methylene blue, malachite green, and basic fuchsine dye, respectively. However, adding 5 mM CuSO4 reduced those decolorization rates to 39.39%, 10.48%, and 7.39%, respectively.
Application of remote sensing and GIS for mapping changes in land area and mangrove density in the Kuri Caddi Mangrove tourism, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia DWI ROSALINA; HAWATI HAWATI; KATARINA HESTY ROMBE; AGUS SURACHMAT; AWALUDDIN AWALUDDIN; MUCHTAR AMILUDDIN; ANI LEILANI; ASRIYANTI ASRIYANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240246

Abstract

Abstract. Rosalina D, Hawati, Rombe KH, Surachmat A, Awaluddin, Amiluddin M, Leilani A, Asriyanti. 2023. Application of remote sensing and GIS for mapping changes in land area and mangrove density in the Kuri Caddi Mangrove tourism, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1049-1056. One element of the coastal ecosystem crucial to preserving aquatic production and sustaining coastal dwellers' way of life is the mangrove. Several variables, including temperature, salinity, pH, natural disasters, and human activity, can affect mangrove forests and create changes. In the Kuri Caddi Mangrove ecotourism, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi, mangrove density was calculated, and changes in land area were mapped. From October to November 2022, this study was carried out. The Shapefile (SHP) format was used in the GIS (Geographic Information System) program to calculate changes in the area of mangrove land, and the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) method was employed to calculate density. The Kuri Caddi Mangrove Tourism, Marusu Sub-district, Maros Regency, mangrove forest land area increased by about 0.7 Ha between 2014 and 2017, according to an analysis of changes in the area there. From 2017 to 2021, significant changes were indicated by adding 4.05 Ha of land. Supporting environmental conditions and other aspects relating to human activity cause changes in land area. Because mangroves are still growing after rehabilitation, the NDVI values for 2014 and 2017 show a negligible increase in density. However, changes in the NDVI value will start to climb in 2021. The highest NDVI values will be 0.593, 0.652, and 0.691 in 2014, 2017, and 2021, respectively.
Morpho-physiological and molecular characteristics of bacteria causing stalk rot disease on corn in Gorontalo, Indonesia SURIANI SURIANI; BAHARUDDIN PATANDJENGI; AMRAN MUIS; MUHAMMAD JUNAID; HISHAR MIRSAM; MUHAMMAD AZRAI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240349

Abstract

Abstract. Suriani, Patandjengi B, Muis A, Junaid M, Mirsam H, Azrai M. 2023. Morpho-physiological and molecular characteristics of bacteria causing stalk rot disease on corn in Gorontalo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1749-1758. Stalk rot disease was observed in corn in Gorontalo with typical symptoms, such as soft rot on the stalk, leaf wilting, and plant death. This study aimed to characterize the bacteria causing stalk rot disease in corn. Samples of infected plants were collected and identified morphologically, physiologically, and molecularly. The results showed that nine bacterial isolates were isolated from infected plants. All nine isolates showed positive hypersensitive responses on tobacco leaves. In comparison, only two bacterial isolates (BGO1 and BGO4) were positive on pathogenicity tests on corn. However, the BGO4 isolate caused the highest disease incidence with a faster incubation period. The BGO4 isolate was gram-negative with white-gray colored colonies. Physiological characterization of BGO4 also showed: positive catalase and indole, oxidase negative, fermentative oxidation, caused soft rot on potato, non-fluorescent, and sensitive to erythromycin. In addition, it can grow at 37-40°C and 5% NaCl, producing protease and lecithinase enzymes. The BGO4 also isolates infected rice, corn, sorghum, foxtail millet, celery, and Aloe vera. Morpho-physiology characteristics and diagnostic amplification of DNA by PCR using the Dickeya-specific primers (ADE1/ADE2) showed that the isolate belongs to the genus Dickeya. Further molecular characterization by analysis of the 16S rDNA using universal primer 27F/1497R successfully amplified the DNA band of BGO4 isolate measuring ±1300 bp. Phylogenetic analysis showed that it was in the same group as Dickeya zeae strain MS32 from Taiwan, strain DZ15SB01 (Thailand), and strain HNJF02 (China), with the coefficient of genetic distance ranging from 0.001 to 0.002. This study is the first report of D. zeae infecting corn in Gorontalo.
Immunomodulatory effects of probiotics isolated from traditional fermented foods and beverages of Sumatra (Indonesia) and synbiotics in mice NUR INDAH PERMATASARI HARAHAP; ERMAN MUNIR; SALOMO HUTAHAEAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240256

Abstract

Abstract. Harahap NIP, Munir E, Hutahaean S. 2023. Immunomodulatory effects of probiotics isolated from traditional fermented foods and beverages of Sumatra (Indonesia) and synbiotics in mice. Biodiversitas 24: 1157-1162. Traditional Sumatran foods and beverages such as sugar palm sap, dadih, and tempoyak have a higher nutritional value than the original ingredients. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), a group of gut bacteria, is the starter that commonly appeared abundantly during fermentation of these natural products. Probiotics are microorganisms that, when consumed in sufficient amounts, provide health benefits to the host, one of which is immunomodulation. When probiotics are coupled with prebiotics to create a unified product known as synbiotics, their function as immunomodulators improves. The goal of this study is to identify new probiotic candidate LAB strains from traditional Sumatran fermented products in combination with inulin as a prebiotic, that can act as immunomodulators in mice through phagocytosis activity. Eight bacterial isolates encoded as NI01, NI02, NI04, DA01, DA02, TE01, TE02 and TE03 were isolated as LAB strains. Four isolates i.e. NI02, NI04, DA01, and TE02 were identified molecularly as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, respectively which were antagonists to human pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The highest phagocytic activity of macrophages was observed through the administration of synbiotics from DA01 + Inulin at 98%, followed by TE02 (96%), NI04 (95%), and NI02 (92%). The findings of this study demonstrated the potential of LAB strains in traditional fermented Sumatran products as probiotic agents and immunomodulators for future application in the health sector.
Population structure and distribution of the endangered Vatica diospyroides in Southern Thailand to inform its conservation strategies THEERA SRISAWAT; KATESARIN MANEENOON; PATTANA WUTTIPONG; SURAPHON THITITHANAKUL; JARASLAK PECHWANG; KHANCHAI WONGCHANA; PARINUCH CHUMKAEW; WARANYU RATCHAREON
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240319

Abstract

Abstract. Srisawat T, Maneenoon K, Wuttipong P, Thitithanakul S, Pechwang J, Wongchana K, Chumkaew P, Ratchareon W. 2023. Population structure and distribution of the endangered Vatica diospyroides in Southern Thailand to inform its conservation strategies. Biodiversitas 24: 1493-1500. Vatica diospyroides Symington is an endemic and rare dipterocarp species. It is listed as Endangered under the IUCN Red List due to its decreasing population. It has been the subject of a wide range of medicinal studies, but there is no prior survey of its population. This study was conducted to investigate the population structure and distribution of V. diospyroides in the lowland Tapi River floodplain, Surat Thani, southern Thailand, covering in-situ (VAT01-VAT04) and ex-situ (VAT05-VAT06) areas. The total count method was employed over the entire studied area to assess the conservation status of V. diospyroides. The number and location of trees, height level and Circumference at Breast Height (CBH) were recorded and the relationship between plant height and CBH and evidence of threats were analyzed. In total 4,535 and 508 trees were recorded in the in-situ and ex-situ conservation areas, respectively. Height ranges of 1.1-5.0 m and 5.0-10.0 m were dominant among trees in the in-situ and ex-situ areas, respectively. Classes of 0-1.0 and 5.1-50.0 cm were the dominant CBH in the in-situ and ex-situ areas, respectively. The VAT03-VAT05 had normal stem growth pattern and scattered distribution with large trees classified by plant height and CBH. The population of V. diospyroides in the ex-situ conservation area were blended in vegetation within the protected area (VAT05) and a private area (VAT06). No threats were detected in the in-situ conservation area, except for the need to protect from humans, but management is necessary in the ex-situ area. This study has revealed the patterns of V. diospyroides composition and structure variations in southern Thailand to help species conservation and protection. The findings of this study imply that the conservation status and definite size of this tree species should be revised.

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