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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Effect of biophysical conditions on standing and soil carbon storage in various land uses in Gunung Mas, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia PENZA LINDIANI; LETI SUNDAWATI; UJANG SUWARNA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 8 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240830

Abstract

Abstract. Lindiani P, Sundawati L, Suwarna U. 2023. Effect of biophysical conditions on standing and soil carbon storage in various land uses in Gunung Mas, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4493-4502. One of the human activities that accelerates climate change is degradation and deforestation, which can lead to new land use in the form of palm oil plantations and agroforestry. Both of these land uses have the potential to store carbon, which can be optimized if the influencing factors are known. This study aims to estimate the potential for carbon storage in palm oil and agroforestry plantations in Gunung Mas, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, and to analyze the effect of biophysical conditions such as topography, soil fertility, and stand density on the potential for carbon storage. The research was conducted in palm oil plantations (POP) and agroforestry areas categorized as agroforestry with forestry and palm oil plantation commodities (AG-SS), as well as agroforestry consisting of forestry, palm oil, and fruit crops (AG-SSB). Sample plots were determined through purposive sampling with 30 plots for each land use. The research results show significant differences in aboveground carbon (AGC), soil organic carbon (SOC), and total carbon storage among the three land uses. The largest total AGC was in AG-SS (66.24 ton.ha-1), while the lowest AGC was observed in POP (48.15 ton.ha-1). The greatest SOC was recorded in AG-SSB (2163.21 ton. ha-1), followed by POP (1922.12 ton.ha-1) and AG-SS (1846.72 ton.ha-1). The highest total carbon storage was measured in AG-SSB (2223.36 ton.ha-1), followed by POP (1970.27 ton.ha-1), and the lowest in AG-SS (1912.96 ton.ha-1). Biophysical factors, including topography, soil fertility, and stand density, influenced carbon storage in each land use. Topography and stand density factors significantly influenced AGC, while soil fertility factors significantly affected SOC and total carbon storage in all three land uses.
Phytochemical evaluation and in-vitro antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of Moroccan Lavandula x intermedia leaves and flowers JAMILA FLIOU; FEDERICA SPINOLA; OUASSIMA RIFFI; ASMAA ZRIOUEL; ALI AMECHROUQ; LUCA NALBONE; ALESSANDRO GIUFFRIDA; FILIPPO GIARRATANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241061

Abstract

Abstract. Fliou J, Spinola F, Riffi O, Zriouel A, Amechrouq A, Nalbone L, Giuffrida A, Giarratana F. 2023. Phytochemical evaluation and in-vitro antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of Moroccan Lavandula x intermedia leaves and flowers. Biodiversitas 24: 5788-5796. This study performed a preliminary evaluation of the phytochemical composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of Lavandula x intermedia leaves and flowers collected in the Fez-Meknes region of Morocco. Phytochemical analyses comprised qualitative colorimetric determinations of alkaloids, anthraquinones, and terpenes and quantitative analysis of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins by UV spectrophotometer. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values against different ATCC bacterial strains. The phytochemical analysis showed a high amount of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins in the leaf extract and a higher amount of terpenes based on colorimetric reaction than the flower extract. A positive colorimetric reaction for alkaloids and anthraquinones was detected for both extracts. The antibacterial activity of leaves and flower extract was not different against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains (p<0.05). The results of the present study suggest the possible use of ethanolic extracts of L. x intermedia collected in the Fez-Meknes region of Morocco as a natural agent against bacterial pathogens.
Growth and productivity of stevia variety Cibodas Manis 3 (Stevia rebaudiana) in 40 days planting with agroforestry MILA NADIA CHOERIAH; NURHENI WIJAYANTO; IRMANIDA BATUBARA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 7 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250749

Abstract

Abstract. Choeriah MN, Wijayanto N, Batubara I. 2024. Growth and productivity of stevia variety Cibodas Manis 3 (Stevia rebaudiana) in 40 days planting with agroforestry. Biodiversitas 25: 3277-3283. Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.) is a shrub plant that can be used as a substitute for sugar cane and has the potential to be cultivated in agroforestry ways. This study aims to analyze the growth and productivity of stevia in agroforestry systems compared to monocultures. Stevia was planted in 2 types of land, namely agroforestry and monoculture. The research location's soil and area's climatic conditions were observed stevia agroforestry was grown under pine, eucalyptus, and coffee trees. During stevia planting, the height was measured. Stevia was harvested 40 days after planting, and leaf area, number of leaves, leaf weight, and harvest productivity were measured. In addition, chlorophyll and stevioside yields were analyzed using UV VIS and LC-MS/MS spectrometry. Stevia in agroforestry land had higher chlorophyll and stevioside content than monoculture, although not as good as stevia in monoculture, which had higher height, number of leaves, leaf area, wet weight, dry weight, and productivity compared to agroforestry. The total stevioside produced from agroforestry land was 1.63 kg/ha, while it was 2.19 kg/ha from monoculture land. Stevia in agroforestry land also has a higher secondary metabolite content than in monoculture. This is related to the growing conditions that stress stevia. Pearson correlation test results also show a relationship between the amount of chlorophyll and the stevioside content in stevia plants.
Resistance selection of local sorghum varieties in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia against Rhizoctonia solani EWINDA ISENSI FENI; SRI KASMIYATI; V. IRENE MEITINIARTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241012

Abstract

Abstract. Feni EI, Kasmiyati S, Meitiniarti VI. 2023. Resistance selection of local sorghum varieties in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia against Rhizoctonia solani. Biodiversitas 24: 5309-5318. Sorghum is a multifunctional crop that can be used as an alternative food for the people of East Nusa Tenggara. However, one of the challenges in cultivating sorghum in this region is the presence of the Rhizoctonia solani pathogen. This fungus causes a devastating root rot disease in sorghum crops, resulting in loss of crop yields and potentially disrupting food security in the region. Using resistant varieties is one of the most effective ways to prevent the growth of R. solani biologically. Therefore, it is important to study the resistance of local sorghum varieties. The purpose of this study was to determine different sorghum varieties' resistance responses to the R. solani fungus that causes root rot disease. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 levels of treatment: the treatment of sorghum varieties and the treatment of fungi inoculums, which were inoculated separately and simultaneously. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. Observations and data collection were carried out on the 7th day, and some of the parameters observed included germination percentage, radicle length, coleoptile length, sprout length, GTI value, and disease incidence value. The sorghum variety with the highest resistance value was found in the red variety. This red variety had a disease incidence value of 63.3%, much lower than the other four test varieties. These results provide important insights for developing a more root rot disease-resistant local sorghum plant variety.
Profile of chemical compounds and potency of galangal (Kaempferia galanga L.) essential oils from Kemuning Village, Karanganyar District, Central Java, Indonesia MUZZAZINAH MUZZAZINAH; AHMAD YUNUS; YUDI RINANTO; YAYAN SUHERLAN; MURNI RAMLI; DWIKA SARNIA PUTRI; DITA WAHYU NINGTYAS; ANNISA LUTHFIA RAHMA; SINDY JIHAN NABILA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250406

Abstract

Abstract. Muzzazinah, Yunus A, Rinanto Y, Suherlan Y, Ramli M, Putri DS, Ningtyas DW, Rahma AL, Nabila SJ. 2024. Profile of chemical compounds and potency of galangal (Kaempferia galanga L.) essential oils from Kemuning Village, Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1386-1393. Kencur or galangal (Kaempferia galanga L.) belongs to the Zingiberaceae family, which is known to contain essential oils. K. galanga essential oil is commonly used as a traditional medicine, one of which is to treat inflammation. This study aims to analyze the chemical content of the essential oil of K. galanga from Kemuning Village and their known bioactivities. The material used was essential oil from the distillation of K. galanga rhizome, which is the waste product of Kemuning essential oil production. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to analyze the chemical content of K. galanga essential oil. The results showed that the phytochemical content of K. galanga essential oil compounds were Pentadecane: 36.64%, Cyperene: 1.16%, Alpha-gurjunene: 1.04%, Heptadecane: 1.24%, 8-Heptadecane: 1.68%, Gamma-Muurolene: 1.55%, (2,2)-3,6-Nonadienal: 2.41%, Ethyl (2E), 3-Phenyl-2-Propenoate: 16.02 %, Ethyl P-Methoxycinnamate: 6.36%, and Ethyl P-Methoxycinnamate: 25.54%. This study shows that K. galanga is a good source of phytoconstituents used as industrial raw materials to produce medicines, perfumes, and flavoring ingredients.
Habitat and food habits of the endemic fish Oryzias eversi in Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi, Indonesia TRISKA LAMBA; AMBENG AMBENG; IRMA ANDRIANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 9 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240958

Abstract

Abstract. Lamba T, Ambeng, Andriani I. 2023. Habitat and food habits of the endemic fish Oryzias eversi in Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5137-5145. The population of the medaka fish species, Oryzias eversi, was categorized as Near Threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) 2019 due to its restricted distribution and occurrence in a single threatened location. One way to protect this species from extinction is through captive breeding, which requires understanding its habitat conditions and food habits. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the habitat conditions and food habits of Oryzias eversi (Hadiaty & Nolte, 2012) in Tilanga Pool, Tana Toraja. Purposive random sampling was used to obtain fish samples, while habitat conditions were determined by measuring environmental parameters, and the abundance and diversity of plankton. Food habits were analyzed by calculating the Index of Preponderance (IP) and Relative Gut Length (RGL). The results indicated that O. eversi inhabited a highly polluted habitat with dissolved oxygen content that ranged from 3.95 to 4.16 mg/L. The abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton ranged from 185-435 cells/L and 10-25 ind/L, respectively. Phytoplankton diversity was in the moderate category, while zooplankton was low, with average values of Diversity Index (H’) ranging from 1.61-1.93 and 0.69-024, respectively. IP and RGL showed that O. eversi was an omnivore-carnivore fish. The average IP of zooplankton and phytoplankton ranged from 0.35-61.11% and 0.69-1.04%, respectively. Meanwhile, the RGL ranged from 0.48 to 0.62, respectively. Cyclops sp. larvae were identified as the primary food source for O. eversi with IP above 40% and Eurycercus sp. with IP range of 4-40% as additional food.
Diversity and spatial distribution of Order Diptera from Kuala Keniam National Park, Pahang, Malaysia IBRAHIM NUR AMIN; KHAIRUDIN NURUL FATHIAH; NIZAM NUR ‘ALIYAA; MOHAMMAD NASER NUR BADRINA; MD YUSOF NUR NADIAH; KAMARUDIN SITI HASNAH; MOHD ZAZI NORHAFIZAH; MOHD HATTA SITI KHAIRIYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 8 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240848

Abstract

Abstract. Amin IN, Fathiah KN, ‘Aliyaa NN, Badrina MNN, Nadiah MYN, Hasnah KS, Norhafizah MZ, Khairiyah MHS. 2023. Diversity and spatial distribution of Order Diptera from Kuala Keniam National Park, Pahang, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 24: 4668-4674. A study on the diversity and distribution of order Diptera was conducted in different Kuala Keniam National Park, Malaysia landscapes. Three malaise traps were placed in three landscapes: the forest fringe, middle forest, and inner forest. A total of 1920 Diptera were recorded from 19 families and 109 morphospecies of order Diptera. Anthomyiidae, Calliphoridae, Pipunculidae, Scenopinidae, Ulidiidae, Tephritidae, Ceratopogonidae, Stratiomyidae, Asilidae, Syrphidae, Tipulidae, Ephydridae, Cecidomyiidae, Dolichopodidae, Phoridae, Culicidae, Muscidae, Sciaridae, and Drosophilidae were the identified families. The family with the highest number of individuals collected was Phoridae, with 89 individuals (5 morphospecies) collected from the forest fringe, followed by 271 individuals (6 morphospecies) from the middle forest and 697 individuals from the inner forest (7 morphospecies). Pipunculidae had the least collected individuals, with only one in the inner forest. The forest fringe recorded the highest Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (2.13), followed by the middle forest (1.68) and the inner forest (1.04). The forest fringe also recorded the highest Evenness Index and Margalef Richness Index with 0.44 and 3.16, respectively. The distribution of Diptera differed significantly along the environment gradients from the forest fringe to the inner forest (p<0.05), and the pairwise comparison showed that the difference comes from Trap 2 and Trap 3 (p<0.001). The forest fringe was more diversified than the middle and the inner forest, even though the number of individuals was low. Vegetation types and sunlight might be the reasons behind this discovery. The results from this study can be used as baseline data for future reference on the diversity of Diptera from the forest reserve.
Bat diversity and its distribution in Mount Gutom Protected Landscape, Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines JOE MERFURT N. LAMA; ELBERT B. CABALLERO; EDDIE P. MONDEJAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241031

Abstract

Abstract. Lama JMN, Caballero EB, Mondejar EP. 2023. Bat diversity and its distribution in Mount Gutom Protected Landscape, Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines. Biodiversitas 24: 5495-5502. Bats play an indispensable role in the balance of the ecosystem in their habitats, which range from the seaside to mountains, caves, and rivers. This study surveyed the flying mammals of Mt. Gutom Protected Landscape, Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines, on April 12-23 and December 7-20, 2022. Mist netting was used to sample bats at the four sampling sites, with a total sampling effort of 126 net-nights. A total of eight species (n=330 individuals) representing two families was recorded. This includes Lesser Dog-faced fruit bat (Cynopterus brachyotis), Philippine Dawn bat (Eonycteris robusta), Philippine Pygmy fruit bat (Haplonycteris fischeri), Harpy fruit bat (Harpyionycteris whiteheadi), Dagger-toothed long-nosed fruit bat (Macroglossus minimus), Greater Musky fruit bat (Ptenochirus jagori), Lesser Musky fruit bat (P. minor), and Horsfield’s myotis (Myotis horsfieldii). The Lesser Dog-faced fruit bat (Cynopterus brachyotis) was the most abundant species in Mt. Gutom, with relative abundance of 40.91% (n=135 individuals). Mt. Gutom also supports endemic species, with 62.5% endemicity, and a Vulnerable species (Eonycteris robusta) was documented only in Site 2 (a mixed secondary dipterocarp forest). Moreover, sampling site 3 (secondary dipterocarp forest) recorded the highest abundance (RA=44.24%) and species diversity index (H’=1.376) among the four sampling sites. The results suggest that Mt. Gutom supports a diverse species of bats and conservation measures are needed to protect the remaining habitats in the area.
Taxonomic and functional diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrate from natural forest as reference for streams health indicators in Lasolo Watershed, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia NASARUDDIN NASARUDDIN; LAODE SABARUDDIN; KANGKUSO ANALUDDIN; LA BACO SUDIA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241034

Abstract

Abstract. Nasaruddin N, Sabaruddin L, Analuddin K, Sudia LB. 2023. Taxonomic and functional diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrate from natural forest as reference for streams health indicators in Lasolo Watershed, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5523-5538. Macroinvertebrates are known to play a crucial role in nutrient recycling and serve as valuable stream degradation indicators. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the structural and functional diversity of macroinvertebrate communities as a reference for stream health indicators in tropical Sulawesi, Indonesia. Spatial sampling using a multi-habitat method was conducted between September 2021 and March 2022 in five streams connected to natural forest and three from drainage areas in dryland farming. Data on forest cover, physical-chemical variables, and macroinvertebrate samples were collected, while the species richness and diversity trends across streams were analyzed using individual rarefaction curves. In addition, the composition of macroinvertebrate functional group was also evaluated. The results showed that 2474 individuals belonging to 77 genera were recorded throughout the area. We found a reduction in taxa composition by comparing the reference and impacted stream at the genus, family, and order levels with approximate values of 83.1%, 74.07%, and 55.6%, respectively. At least seven significantly different potential metrics that differentiated between reference and the impacted ecosystem were found, including the number of family taxa (#family), the number of insect taxa (#insect), the number of Ephemeroptera-Plecoptera-Trichoptera taxa (#EPT), the number of scraper taxa (#scraper), as well as Shannon-Wiener diversity, Simpson Evenness, and Margalef Richness index. These metrics offer a strong method for assessing land use change and their impact on freshwater biodiversity, emphasizing the importance of conservation efforts in the ecosystem.
The potential of bamboo and the contribution of bamboo craftsmen to the community's income in Cibadak Village, Bogor City, Indonesia Zainal Muttaqin; Abdul Rahman Rusli; Bambang Supriyanto
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241062

Abstract

Abstract. Muttaqin Z, Rusli AR, Supriyanto B. 2023. The potential of bamboo and the contribution of bamboo craftsmen to the community's income in Cibadak Village, Bogor City, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5796-5807. Bamboo is a plant of rural communities that can be used for various purposes in people's lives. Cibadak Village is thought to have a substantial number of bamboo potentials, but the exact amount has yet to be discovered. Likewise, the contribution of income obtained from bamboo-cage craftsmen is also unknown, so studies on this issue are essential. This research aimed to determine the potential availability of plants and the contribution of bamboo craftsmen to the income of the people of Cibadak Village, Tanah Sareal Sub-district, Bogor City, West Java Province, Indonesia. The collection of data was conducted through field research and bibliographic research. This research concluded that the potential of bamboo in Cibadak Village was only 6.72 ha or 2.04% of the total area, and the contribution of bamboo craftsmen to the community's income was less significant (27.03%) compared to the average total income of the community. However, the income of bamboo craftsmen more than the other income contribution came from drivers (25.00%), merchants (21.67%), and construction workers (26,30%). Only 20% of respondents consider the revenue of bamboo craftsmen as the main job, and 80% of the revenue is side income to complete revenue from the other job. The species of bamboo were found of bambu tali (Gigantochloa apus), bambu betung (Dendrocalamus asper), bambu ampel hijau (Bambusa vulgaris var. vitata), bambu ampel kuning (Bambusa vulgaris var. striata), and bambu andong (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea).  Bambu tali are the most commonly found in Cibadak Village, consisting of 279 clumps (80.87%) and 25,028 culms (90.70%), while other bamboo species were found in small numbers. The bamboo craftsmen use all raw materials of Bambu tali (Gigantochloa apus), and a few people also utilize bamboo shoots of Bambu betung and Bambu ampel for self-consumption as complementary food vegetables.

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